System and method of detecting the position of the trigger in gun replicas

Abstract

The trigger position detection system in replica firearms comprising a sensor built from at least one light source D1 (5) and at least one receiver Q1 (6) converting the light signal into an electrical signal, wherein the light source D1 (5) and the light receiver Q1 (6) are located on a printed circuit board (7) in a way that they are deviated from the vertical axes running perpendicularly to the upper surface of the cylinder edge by an angle from the range of 0?-90?, and their active surfaces are directed towards the replica trigger (1).

A method of detecting the position of the trigger in replica firearms comprising controlling the light source D1 (5) in such a manner that at fixed regular time intervals, each time it emits light for the same period of time, while directing the beam reflected from the surface of the replica trigger (1) towards the receiver Q1 (6), which converts alternately the intensity of reflected light into an electric current and the intensity of the light reaching the receiver Q1 (6) from the environment of the replica or the intensity of only the light reaching the receiver Q1 (6) from the environment of the replica, the electric current flows through the resistor R2, generating voltage drop at its terminals, while in the analog-to-digital converter the resistor R2 voltage is converted into a digital signal and its value is stored in the buffer storing the last five results.

Claims

1. The trigger position detection system in replica firearms comprising a sensor built from at least one light source D1 (5) and at least one receiver Q1 (6) converting the light signal into an electrical signal, wherein the light source D1 (5) and the light receiver Q1 (6) are located on a printed circuit board (7) in a way that they are deviated from the vertical axes running perpendicularly to the upper surface of the cylinder edge by an angle from the range of 0?-90?, and their active surfaces are directed towards the replica trigger (1), wherein the light source D1 (5) is connected to the microcontroller pin and the receiver Q1 (6) is connected to an analog microcontroller pin equipped with an analog-to-digital converter or to an analog-to-digital converter U1 which is coupled with a microcontroller.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the light source D1 (5) is a light-emitting diode and/or a laser diode.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the light receiver Q1 (6) is a phototransistor and/or a photodiode and/or a photoresistor and/or a CCD detector.

4. A method of detecting the position of the trigger in replica firearms comprising controlling the light source D1 (5) in such a manner that at fixed regular time intervals, each time it emits light for the same period of time, while directing the beam reflected from the surface of the replica trigger (1) towards the receiver Q1 (6), which converts alternately the intensity of reflected light into an electric current and the intensity of the light reaching the receiver Q1 (6) from the environment of the replica or the intensity of only the light reaching the receiver Q1 (6) from the environment of the replica, the electric current flows through the resistor R2, generating voltage drop at its terminals, while in the analog-to-digital converter the resistor R2 voltage is converted into a digital signal and its value is stored in the buffer storing the last five results, and after each fixed time interval, the voltage drop data is analyzed in the microcontroller and the difference between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is calculated, wherein the samples pr[0], pr[2] and pr[4] constitute the intensity value of only the light coming from the environment of the replica, and samples pr[1] and pr[3] are the sum of the intensity of light emitted by the light source D1 (5) and then reflected from the surface of the replica trigger (1) and the light intensity coming from the environment of the replica; when calculating the difference values for the respective samples and obtaining the intensity value of only the light emitted by the light source D1 (5); if at least one of the four differences between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is lower than the threshold previously defined by the user of the replica in the calibration process, this state is treated as a released trigger, but if each difference between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr [4] is equal to or greater than the threshold defined by the user, this state is treated as a pressed trigger and the projectile launch process is activated.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the light source D1 (5) is a light-emitting diode and/or a laser diode.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the light receiver Q1 (6) is a phototransistor and/or a photodiode and/or a photoresistor and/or a CCD detector.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein the calibration process is carried out using applications dedicated to various stationary and mobile devices, during which the level of light intensity reaching the receiver is determined when the trigger (1) is released, when the trigger (1) is pressed, and when the replica trigger (1) is pressed to the position activating the motor.

8. The trigger position detection system in replica firearms comprising a sensor consisting of two light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) and one receiver Q1 (6) converting a light signal into an electrical signal, wherein the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) and the light receiver Q1 (6) are placed on two separate printed circuit boards (7 and 8) parallel to each other, between which the replica trigger (1) moves, where the active surfaces of the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) and the light receiver Q1 (6) are directed towards the trigger, while the positions of the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) and the light receiver Q1 (6) are strictly defined relative to the position of the replica trigger (1), and the edges of the active surfaces of the light source D1 (5) and the receiver Q1 (6) located closer to the replica trigger (1) are contained in the plane intersecting both printed circuit boards (7, 8) perpendicularly, wherein the distance between the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9), the light receiver Q1 (6) and the trigger (1) is set in such a way that the replica trigger (1) in the released position forms a shadow originating from the light source D2 (9) over a small area of the active surface of the light receiver Q1 (6), while the light source D2 (9) is arranged in relation to light source D1 (5) so that there is only one position of the trigger (1), such that the it forms a shadow originating from the light source D2 (9) over the entire active surface of the light receiver Q1 (6), while the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) are connected to the microcontroller pin, and the light receiver Q1 (6) is connected to an analog microcontroller pin equipped with an analog-to-digital converter or to an analog-to-digital converter U1 which is coupled with the microcontroller.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) are the light-emitting diodes.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein the light receiver Q1 (6) is a phototransistor and/or a photodiode and/or a photoresistor and/or a CCD detector.

11. A method for detecting the trigger position in replica firearms comprising controlling the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) in such a way that at fixed regular time intervals, each time they emit light for the same period of time, and the emitted light goes in the direction of the receiver Q1 (6), which alternately converts into an electric current the light intensity originating from the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) and the intensity of light reaching the receiver Q1 (6) from the environment of the replica, or the intensity of only the light reaching the receiver Q1 (6) from the environment of the replica, while the electric current flows through the resistor R2 generating voltage drop at its terminals, while the analog-to-digital converter converts the voltage of resistor R2 into a digital signal, and its value is stored in the buffer storing the last five results, and after each fixed time interval, voltage drop data is analyzed in the microcontroller and the difference between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is calculated, wherein the samples pr[0], pr[2] and pr[4] are the intensity value of only the light coming from the environment of the replica, and the samples pr[1] and pr[3] are the sum of the intensity of light emitted by the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) and the intensity of the incoming light from the surroundings of the replica, or the samples pr[0], pr[2] and pr[4] are the sum of the intensity of light coming from the environment of the replica and the intensity of light emitted by the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9), and the samples pr [1] and pr [3] are the intensity value of the light emitted by the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9), and when calculating the difference values for the respective samples, the intensity of only the light emitted by the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) is obtained; wherein if at least one of the differences between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is greater than the threshold previously defined by the replica user in the calibration process, it is treated as a released trigger, but if each difference between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr [2], pr [3] and pr [4] is equal to or less than the threshold defined by the user, it is treated as pressing the trigger (1) and this activates the projectile launch process.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the light sources D1 (5) and D2 (9) are light-emitting diodes.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the light receiver Q1 (6) is a phototransistor and/or a photodiode and/or a photoresistor and/or a CCD detector.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein the calibration process is carried out using applications dedicated to various stationary and mobile devices, during which the level of light intensity reaching the receiver Q1 (6) is determined when the trigger (1) is released, when the trigger (1) is pressed, and when the trigger (1) is pressed to the position activating the motor.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the buffer storing the measurement results can contain any number of samples pr.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG. 1 shows an example of the solution used in AEG replicas,

[0035] FIG. 2 shows another example of the solution used in AEG replicas,

[0036] FIG. 3 shows another example of the solution used in AEG replicas,

[0037] FIG. 4 shows an example of the solution used in HPA replicas,

[0038] FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the interior of the replica of the first invention,

[0039] FIG. 6 shows a fragment of the interior at a larger scale,

[0040] FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a reflective optical sensor in which the microcontroller is equipped with an analog-to-digital converter,

[0041] FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a reflective optical sensor in which the microcontroller is coupled to an analog-to-digital converter,

[0042] FIG. 9 shows a graph of the voltage values as a function of time from the last five measurements for a released trigger,

[0043] FIG. 10 shows a graph of the difference values of the signals visible in FIG. 9,

[0044] FIG. 11 shows a graph of the value of five consecutive measurements for the pressed trigger,

[0045] FIG. 12 shows a graph of the difference values of the signals visible in FIG. 11,

[0046] FIG. 13 shows how the sensor elements are arranged relative to the trigger (front view) in the third invention,

[0047] FIG. 14 shows is a view of the sensor elements from above,

[0048] FIG. 15 shows a view of sensor elements from the front,

[0049] FIG. 16 shows a view of the sensor elements from the left,

[0050] FIG. 17 shows a circuit diagram of the optical sensor in which the microcontroller is equipped with an analog-to-digital converter,

[0051] FIG. 18 shows a circuit diagram of an optical sensor in which the microcontroller is coupled to an analog-to-digital converter,

[0052] FIG. 19 shows a graph of the voltage values as a function of time from the last five measurements for a released trigger,

[0053] FIG. 20 shows a graph of the difference values of the signals visible in FIG. 19,

[0054] FIG. 21 shows a graph of the value of five consecutive measurements for the pressed trigger,

[0055] FIG. 22 shows a graph of the difference values of the samples r_pr of the signal visible in FIG. 21.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0056] The subject of the first invention is illustrated in the drawing, where FIG. 5 is a diagram of the interior of the replica, and FIG. 6 is a fragment of this interior at a larger scale, while FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a reflective optical sensor in which the microcontroller is equipped with an analog-to-digital converter, FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a reflective optical sensor in which the microcontroller is coupled to an analog-to-digital converter, FIG. 9 is a graph of the voltage values as a function of time from the last five measurements for a released trigger, FIG. 10a graph of the difference values of the signals visible in FIG. 9, FIG. 11a graph of the value of five consecutive measurements for the pressed trigger, FIG. 12a graph of the difference values of the signals visible in FIG. 11. The subject of the third invention is illustrated in the drawing, where FIG. 13 illustrates how the sensor elements are arranged relative to the trigger (front view), FIG. 14 is a view of the sensor elements from above, FIG. 15 is a view of sensor elements from the front, FIG. 16 is a view of the sensor elements from the left, FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the optical sensor in which the microcontroller is equipped with an analog-to-digital converter, FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of an optical sensor in which the microcontroller is coupled to an analog-to-digital converter, FIG. 19 is a graph of the voltage values as a function of time from the last five measurements for a released trigger, FIG. 20a graph of the difference values of the signals visible in FIG. 19, FIG. 21a graph of the value of five consecutive measurements for the pressed trigger, FIG. 22a graph of the difference values of the samples r_pr of the signal visible in FIG. 21.

Example I

[0057] The system is equipped with a sensor built from a single light source, which is a light-emitting diode or a laser diode, and one detector converting a light signal into an electrical signal, which is a phototransistor or photodiode or photoresistor or CCD detector, and the light source D1 5 and the light receiver Q1 6 are placed on the printed circuit board 7 in such a way that they are inclined from vertical axes routed perpendicular to the upper edge of the cylinder by an angle of 27?, and their active surfaces are directed towards the replica trigger 1. The light source D1 5 is connected to the microcontroller pin. The light receiver Q1 6 is connected to an analog microcontroller pin equipped with an analog-to-digital converter as shown in FIG. 8 or to an analog-to-digital converter that is coupled to the microcontroller as shown in FIG. 9.

[0058] The light source D1 5 is a light-emitting diode or a laser diode. The microcontroller controls the light source D1 5 every 500 us as follows: for 500 us the light source D1 5 shines and for the next 500 us the light source D1 5 is off. This cycle is repeated and the light emitted by the light source D1 5 is reflected from the moving part of the trigger 1. Depending on the extent to which the trigger 1 is pressed, the receiver Q1 6 is illuminated less or more strongly by the light reflected from the moving surface of the trigger 1. The receiver Q1 6 converts the light intensity into an electric current, which flows through the resistor R2, causing a voltage drop at its terminals. The analog-to-digital converter converts this voltage into a digital form. Samples are taken every 500 us. Exactly 100 us after taking a sample, the state of the light source D1 5 is changed. Each voltage sample in digital form is stored in a buffer which contains the last five read samples. After each change in the state of the light source D1 5, the microcontroller analyzes the data stored in the buffer.

[0059] Samples: pr [0], pr [2] and pr [4] are read when the light source D1 5 is off and reflect the intensity value of only the ambient light reaching the receiver Q1 6. Samples: pr [1] and pr [3] are read when the light source D1 5 is on and reflect the intensity value of the sum of ambient light and the light emitted by the light source D1 5. When calculating the difference values between the odd samples pr [1] and pr [3] and the even samples pr [0], pr [2] and pr [4], the intensity value of only the light emitted by the light source D1 5 is obtained. If at least one of the four differences between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is less than the threshold defined previously by the user of the replica in the calibration process, it is treated as a released trigger. If each difference between samples pr[1] and pr [0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is equal to or greater than the threshold defined by the user, it is treated as a pressed trigger 1 and this triggers the projectile launch. Calibration, which determines the level of light intensity reaching the receiver Q1 6 when the trigger 1 is released, when the trigger 1 is pressed down, and when the trigger 1 is pressed to the position activating the motor, is carried out using applications dedicated to various stationary and mobile devices.

[0060] The light receiver Q1 6 is a phototransistor or photodiode or photoresistor or CCD detector.

Example II

[0061] The system is equipped with a sensor built of two light sources D1 5 and D2 9, which are light emitting diodes, and one detector Q1 6 converting the light signal into an electrical signal, which is a phototransistor or photodiode or photoresistor or CCD detector, wherein the light sources D1 5, D2 9 and the light receiver Q1 6 are placed on separate printed circuit boards 7 and 8, between which the replica trigger 1 moves. The active surfaces of the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 and the light receiver Q1 6 are directed towards the trigger 1.

[0062] The positions of the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 and the light receiver Q1 6 are strictly defined relative to the position of the replica trigger 1. The edges of the active surfaces of the light source D1 5 and the light receiver Q1 6 being closer to the replica trigger 1 are contained in the plane intersecting both printed circuit boards 7 and 8 perpendicularly. The moving trigger 1 of the replica creates a shadow on the active surface of the light receiver Q1 6. In the entire range of the trigger 1 movement, the edge of the shadow is formed by the surface of the trigger 1, which is closer to the light sources D1 5 and D2 9. The distance between the light sources D1 5 and D2 9, the light receiver Q1 6 and the replica trigger 1 is set in such a way that the replica trigger 1 in the released position forms a shadow originating from the light source D2 9 over a small area of the active surface of the light receiver Q1 6. The light source D1 5 illuminates the entire surface of the light receiver Q1 6. In the initial range of the movement of the replica trigger 1, the surface of the shadow originating from the light source D2 9 increases as the trigger 1 is pressed. Light source D2 9 is arranged in relation to light source D1 5 so that there is only one position of the replica trigger 1, such that the trigger 1 forms a shadow originating from the light source D2 9 over the entire active surface of the light receiver Q1 6 and light source D1 5 illuminates the entire surface of the light receiver Q1 6. In the final range of the movement of the trigger, the surface of the shadow originating from the light source D1 5 increases on the active surface of the light receiver Q1 6 as the replica trigger 1 is pressed. A fully-pressed replica trigger 1 creates a partial shadow originating from the light source D1 5 on the active surface of the light receiver Q1 6. Thanks to this solution, the electrical signal generated by the light receiver Q1 6 changes monotonically throughout the entire range of the replica trigger 1 movement.

[0063] The light sources D1 5 and D2 9 are connected to the microcontroller pin. The light receiver Q1 6 is connected to an analog microcontroller pin equipped with an analog-to-digital converter as shown in FIG. 17 or to an analog-to-digital converter that is coupled to the microcontroller as shown in FIG. 18.

[0064] The light sources D1 5 and D2 9 are light emitting diodes. The microcontroller controls light sources D1 5 and D2 9 every 500 us as follows: for 500 us the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 shine and for the next 500 us are off. This cycle is repeated, and the light emitted by the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 is covered by the replica trigger 1. Depending on the extent to which the trigger 1 is pressed, the receiver Q1 6 is illuminated less or more strongly by the light emitted by the light sources D1 5 and D2 9. The receiver Q1 6 converts the light intensity into an electric current, which flows through the resistor R2, causing a voltage drop at its terminals. The analog-to-digital converter converts this voltage into a digital form. Samples are taken every 500 us. Exactly 100 us after taking a sample, the state of the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 is changed. Each voltage sample in digital form is stored in a buffer which contains the last five read samples. After each change in the state of the light source, the microcontroller analyzes the data stored in the buffer.

[0065] Samples: pr[0], pr[2] and pr[4] are read when the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 are off and reflect the intensity value of only the ambient light reaching the light receiver Q1 6. Samples: pr[1] and pr[3] are read when the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 are on and reflect the intensity value of the sum of ambient light and the light emitted by the light sources D1 5 and D2 9. When calculating the difference values between the odd samples pr[1] and pr[3] and the even samples pr [0], pr[2] and pr[4], the intensity value of only the light emitted by the light sources D1 5 and D2 9 is obtained. If at least one of the four differences between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is more than the threshold defined previously by the user of the replica in the calibration process, it is treated as a released trigger. If each difference between samples pr[1] and pr[0], pr[1] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[2], pr[3] and pr[4] is equal to or less than the threshold defined by the user, it is treated as a pressed trigger 1 and this triggers the projectile launch. Calibration which determines the level of light intensity reaching the receiver Q1 6 when the trigger 1 is released, when the trigger 1 is pressed down, and when the trigger 1 is pressed to the position activating the motor, is carried out using applications dedicated to various stationary and mobile devices.

[0066] The light receiver Q1 6 is a phototransistor or photodiode or photoresistor or CCD detector.