SPECIAL FILM-COATED CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER FOR PEANUT IN HIGH YIELD FIELD AND PREPARATION PROCESS THEREOF

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of controlled release fertilizer technology, and in particular to a special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field, which comprises an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, integrates the ingredients for disease and pest control, chemical control, growth promotion and premature senescence prevention, controls the release period, improves the fertilization efficiency without the need of top application throughout the growth period, saves labor cost, and has positive effects on improving peanut yield and quality.

Claims

1. A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field, comprising an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, wherein the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 30-50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20-40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30-50 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.3-0.5 part of celest; the intermediate layer: 55-75 parts of calcium nitrate, 10-20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of uniconazole, 15-30 parts of humic acid, 0.001-0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 65-85 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and the inner layer: 30-50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40-60 parts of urea, 1-3 parts of seaweed extract, and 20-40 parts of adhesive.

2. The special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows: the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.5 part of celest; the intermediate layer: 55 parts of calcium nitrate, 20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1 part of uniconazole, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.001 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 85 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and the inner layer: 30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of urea, 1 part of seaweed extract, and 40 parts of adhesive.

3. The special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field according to claim 1, wherein the hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0 branching generation.

4. The special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field according to claim 1, wherein the fermented livestock and poultry manure is obtained from the following steps: mixing 2-5 parts of chicken manure, 2-5 parts of sheep manure and 2-5 parts of cow dung at a weight ratio to obtain a blended manure, chopping crop stalks into 5-8 cm small fragments, fully mixing the crop stalks with the blended manure at a weight ratio of 2:8, stacking them in a 1.5-2 m wide and 0.8-1.2 m tall pile, inserting a temperature gauge into the pile to measure the temperature; then adding a fermentation agent (0.2% of the total mass) in a manner of adding - of the fermentation agent to a layer of 20-25 cm height piled in the process of piling until piling up to 0.8-1.2 m, adding water to reach 50-60% moisture content, fermenting, turning over the pile when the temperature rises to more than 60 C. until the stock pile temperature no longer rises, drying, and pulverizing; and 1 mL of the fermentation agent contains 1-1.510.sup.9 Streptococcus thermophilus, 0.3-0.510.sup.8 IU neutral protease, 0.1-0.210.sup.6 IU cellulase, 3-410.sup.5 IU triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, 1-210.sup.5 IU beer yeast and 3-410.sup.6 IU Bacillus subtilis.

5. A preparation process of the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the raw materials potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, seaweed extract and adhesive in the inner layer, granulating and drying to obtain granules in the inner layer; (2) mixing the raw materials calcium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, uniconazole, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and urea formaldehyde powder in the intermediate layer, adding the granules in the inner layer obtained in step (1), granulating and drying to obtain granules in the intermediate layer; and (3) mixing the raw materials urea formaldehyde powder, fermented livestock and poultry manure, urea, hyperbranched polyamide and celest in the outer layer, adding the granules in the intermediate layer obtained in step (2), granulating and drying.

6. An application of the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field according to claim 1 and the special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field obtained from the preparation process according to claim 5, wherein the soil conditions for planting peanut are as follows: organic matter content: 10-15 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content: 50-90 mg/kg, rapidly available phosphorus content: 60-90 mg/kg, rapidly available potassium content: 80-130 mg/kg, exchangeable calcium content: 6-12 mg/kg, moisture content from seeding time to seedling stage: 60-70%, moisture content from flowering stage to pod-bearing stage: 70-80%, moisture content from fruit expansion stage to maturation stage: 60-70%.

7. The application according to claim 6, wherein the film-coated controlled release fertilizer is applied at a rate of 502 kg/Mu along with seeding or rotary tillage before seeding.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0040] In order to better understand the invention, the invention is further described below in conjunction with the examples.

Example 1

[0041] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0042] the outer layer: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.3 part of celest;

[0043] the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.3 part of uniconazole, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 65 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0044] the inner layer: 50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 3 parts of seaweed extract, and 20 parts of adhesive.

[0045] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0 branching generation.

[0046] Preparation Process

[0047] (1) mixing the raw materials potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, seaweed extract and adhesive in the inner layer, granulating and drying to obtain granules in the inner layer;

[0048] (2) mixing the raw materials calcium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, uniconazole, humic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide and urea formaldehyde powder in the intermediate layer, adding the granules in the inner layer obtained in step (1), granulating and drying to obtain granules in the intermediate layer; and

[0049] (3) mixing the raw materials urea formaldehyde powder, fermented livestock and poultry manure, urea, hyperbranched polyamide and celest in the outer layer, adding the granules in the intermediate layer obtained in step (2), granulating and drying.

Example 2

[0050] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0051] the outer layer: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.3 part of celest;

[0052] the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.3 part of uniconazole, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 65 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0053] the inner layer: 50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 3 parts of seaweed extract, and 20 parts of adhesive.

[0054] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 3.0 branching generation.

[0055] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 3

[0056] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0057] the outer layer: 30 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 40 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.3 part of celest;

[0058] the intermediate layer: 75 parts of calcium nitrate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.3 part of uniconazole, 15 parts of humic acid, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 65 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0059] the inner layer: 50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 3 parts of seaweed extract, and 20 parts of adhesive.

[0060] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 4.0 branching generation.

[0061] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 4

[0062] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0063] the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.5 part of celest;

[0064] the intermediate layer: 55 parts of calcium nitrate, 20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1 part of uniconazole, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.001 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 85 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0065] the inner layer: 30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of urea, 1 part of seaweed extract, and 40 parts of adhesive.

[0066] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0 branching generation.

[0067] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 5

[0068] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0069] the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.5 part of celest;

[0070] the intermediate layer: 55 parts of calcium nitrate, 20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1 part of uniconazole, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.001 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 85 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0071] the inner layer: 30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of urea, 1 part of seaweed extract, and 40 parts of adhesive.

[0072] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 3.0 branching generation.

[0073] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 6

[0074] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0075] the outer layer: 50 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 20 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.5 part of celest;

[0076] the intermediate layer: 55 parts of calcium nitrate, 20 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.1 part of uniconazole, 30 parts of humic acid, 0.001 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 85 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0077] the inner layer: 30 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of urea, 1 part of seaweed extract, and 40 parts of adhesive.

[0078] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 4.0 branching generation.

[0079] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 7

[0080] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0081] the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.4 part of celest;

[0082] the intermediate layer: 60 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2 part of uniconazole, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0083] the inner layer: 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 2 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0084] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 2.0 branching generation.

[0085] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 8

[0086] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0087] the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.4 part of celest;

[0088] the intermediate layer: 60 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2 part of uniconazole, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0089] the inner layer: 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 2 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0090] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 3.0 branching generation.

[0091] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

Example 9

[0092] A special film-coated controlled release fertilizer for peanut in a high yield field includes an outer layer, an intermediate layer and an inner layer, where the raw materials in each layer and the proportions thereof are as follows:

[0093] the outer layer: 40 parts of urea formaldehyde powder, 30 parts of fermented livestock and poultry manure, 40 parts of urea, 13 parts of hyperbranched polyamide, and 0.4 part of celest;

[0094] the intermediate layer: 60 parts of calcium nitrate, 15 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.2 part of uniconazole, 25 parts of humic acid, 0.1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, and 75 parts of urea formaldehyde powder; and

[0095] the inner layer: 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 2 parts of seaweed extract, and 30 parts of adhesive.

[0096] The hyperbranched polyamide is an aliphatic hyperbranched polyamide of 4.0 branching generation.

[0097] The preparation process is the same as that in Example 1.

[0098] Examples 1, 2 and 3 are different in that hyperbranched polyamides of different branching generations were used, Examples 4, 5 and 6 are different in that hyperbranched polyamides of different branching generations were used, and Examples 7, 8 and 9 are different in that hyperbranched polyamides of different branching generations were used.

Comparison Example 1

[0099] The Comparison Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that in the raw materials in the outer layer, hyperbranched polyamide was not used, the use level of urea formaldehyde powder was changed to 35 parts, the use level of fermented livestock and poultry manure was changed to 45 parts, and the use level of urea was changed to 35 parts.

Research on Controlled Release Properties

[0100] Controlled release properties of the active ingredients in the controlled release fertilizer prepared in the Examples 1-9 are evaluated using the soil culture method. The specific operation is as follows:

[0101] The controlled release fertilizer packed in a nylon net was applied to soil including organic matter content: 12.3 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content: 70.5 mg/kg, readily available phosphorus content: 76.8 mg/kg, readily available potassium content: 103.2 mg/kg and exchangeable calcium content: 8.3 mg/kg, the fertilizer weight was measured at regular intervals, and then the active ingredients were converted to obtain the contents of the active ingredients released from the controlled release fertilizer, which were compared with the nutrient requirements of peanut in various growth stages.

[0102] The soil temperature and humidity of peanut in various stages were controlled as follows: daily average ground temperature: 15-20 C., moisture content: 60-70% in the early stage (seeding time to seedling stage); daily average ground temperature: 20-28 C., moisture content 70-80% in the intermediate stage (flowering stage to pod-bearing stage); and the daily average ground temperature: 28-35 C., moisture content: 60-70% in the later stage (fruit expansion stage to maturation stage).

TABLE-US-00001 Cumulative release rate of active ingredients on different days (%) 10 d 30 d 40 d 55 d 70 d 85 d 100 d 115 d 130 d Processing Before seedling Seedling Flowering Pegging Pod-bearing Fruit expansion Maturation stage stage stage stage stage stage stage Example 1 7.5 14.6 28.4 45.3 54.3 67.4 75.4 80.8 86.2 Example 2 6.8 13.5 25.3 40.4 50.2 63.2 69.7 77.5 83.5 Example 3 5.4 10.1 21.7 32.8 45.3 56.4 65.3 73.7 82.1 Example 4 9.7 20.4 37.2 45.6 50.5 65.3 78.9 89.7 90.7 Example 5 8.5 17.7 32.7 41.2 47.2 64.6 76.7 85.3 90.5 Example 6 6.4 13.5 28.5 38.7 43.3 60.3 71.5 79.4 84.6 Example 7 7.1 13.4 27.8 42.6 53.7 66.4 72.8 78.6 85.7 Example 8 6.2 11.6 25.7 38.6 50.5 63.5 70.2 76.3 82.5 Example 9 5.8 10.8 23.5 37.8 45.3 58.5 64.5 71.5 80.1 Comparison 9.1 19.4 35.6 55.2 66.8 76.5 88.3 90.2 92.1 Example 1

[0103] By referring to the cumulative release rate of active ingredients on different days in various examples, the release amount of the active ingredients in Examples 4, 5 and 6 can very well comply with the demand for active ingredients of peanut in various growth stages, and can meet different demands for active ingredients of peanut in various growth stages. In Examples 1, 2 and 3, as well as Examples 7, 8 and 9, the fertilizer is slowly released in the early stage, fast released in the intermediate stage, and insufficiently released in the later stage, thereby resulting in waste of active ingredients. Compared with Examples 4, 5 and 6, in Example 4, the fertilizer is slightly fast released, and a few active ingredients are released after the fruit expansion stage, thereby failing to very well meet the nutrient requirements in the later stage; and in Example 6, the fertilizer is slightly slowly released, and the active ingredients are unable to be released in time in the later stage, thereby resulting in waste. Compared with Example 1, in Comparison Example 1, in the raw materials in the outer layer, hyperbranched polyamide was not added, and the fertilizer was fast released in the early stage, so that the release of the active components in each layer cannot well comply with the demand for active ingredients of peanut in various growth stages.

Effects on Pod Yield and Seed Kernel Quality

[0104] A field experiment was carried out in a high yield field of Jiyang Test Station, where the soil includes organic matter content: 13.5 g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content: 60.9 mg/kg, readily available phosphorus content: 75.2 mg/kg, readily available potassium content: 95.4 mg/kg and exchangeable calcium content: 9.1 mg/kg, by applying the controlled release fertilizer in the examples to an experimental material Huayu No. 22 along with seeding at a rate of 50 kg/Mu, and a common NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) was used as a control at a rate of 50 kg/Mu. The experiment was carried out by seeding on May 5 in an area of 33.3 m.sup.2, mulched ridge-furrow cultivation, and harvesting on September 26, and was repeated 3 times.

TABLE-US-00002 Processing Pod yield Wormy fruit Plump fruit Kernel Protein Fat content (kg/667 m.sup.2) rate (%) rate (%) rate (%) content (%) (%) O/L Control 410.5 15.4 61.8 67.4 23.5 50.2 1.38 Example 1 472.3 8.5 69.3 69.4 24.4 51.5 1.47 Example 2 463.5 5.4 68.4 69.2 24.6 51.2 1.45 Example 3 434.2 6.7 66.2 68.4 24.2 50.5 1.47 Example 4 492.7 3.6 71.7 71.0 25.5 51.9 1.50 Example 5 502.2 2.9 74.5 72.4 25.4 52.3 1.52 Example 6 473.5 3.8 72.3 71.2 25.1 52.2 1.49 Example 7 465.3 7.9 68.7 69.2 24.5 51.7 1.46 Example 8 458.2 8.2 67.5 68.6 24.7 51.3 1.45 Example 9 440.5 6.7 67.3 68.5 24.6 50.8 1.42 Comparison 422.6 3.4 65.7 68.3 23.9 50.4 1.42 Example 1

[0105] In Examples 4, 5 and 6, the pod yield, plump fruit rate and kernel rate are high, the wormy fruit rate is low, the protein and fat contents are relatively high, and the O/L is high, where the effect of Example 5 is the most significant. In Example 5, about the control sample, the pod yield was increased by 22.3%, the plump fruit rate was increased by 20.6%, the kernel rate was increased by 7.4%, the protein content was increased by 1.9%, the fat content was increased by 2.1%, the O/L was increased by 10.1%, and the quality was significantly improved. Both the pod yield and quality in the Comparison Example 1 are slightly worse than those in Examples 1-9.

[0106] As can be seen from the comparison of the cumulative release rate of active ingredients, pod yield and seed kernel quality in the above two tables, the controlled release fertilizer according to the application enables the active ingredient release to comply with nutrient requirements in the peanut growth period by selection and optimization of controlled release ingredients, integrates the ingredients for disease and pest control, chemical control, growth promotion and premature senescence prevention, improves the fertilizer efficiency without the need of top application throughout the growth period, and saves labor cost. The fertilizer can significantly improve the pod yield and seed kernel quality, is an efficient special controlled release fertilizer for peanut contributing to high yield and high quality, and has very high popularization and application values. The above examples are preferred embodiments of the invention, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited to the examples. All alterations, modifications, combinations, substitutions and simplifications made without departing from the spiritual essence and principle of the invention shall be equivalent substitution modes, and shall be encompassed within the scope of protection of the invention.