Spiral spring for a sprung balance spiral resonator and method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

The spiral includes turns of rectangular section, whose pitch p and/or thickness e can vary from the inside curve towards the outside curve, or whose winding can deviate from the line of a perfect spiral. The inside curve can also be extended by a self-locking washer for fixing the spiral on the balance arbour with no play. The spiral is manufactured by photolithography and galvanic growth, or by micro-machining an amorphous or crystalline material, such as a silicon wafer.

Claims

1. A watch movement comprising: (a) a regulating balance mechanism, including (i) a balance; (ii) a spring; (iii) an arbour; (iv) a plate; and (v) a balance-cock, wherein the balance and the spring are mounted on the arbour, and wherein the arbour is pivotable between the plate and the balance-cock, wherein the spring comprises a single strip made up of a succession of turns, wherein an end of an inside curve of the strip is secured to the arbour and an end of an outside curve of the strip is secured to the balance-cock or to a part secured thereto, wherein a portion of the strip between the outside curve and the inside curve has a rectangular constant section with a constant height and a constant thickness, wherein only a portion of the outside curve, the portion of the outside curve being located entirely on an outermost turn of the succession of turns, and a portion of the inside curve, the portion of the inside curve being located entirely on an innermost turn of the succession of turns, have a larger section than that of the single strip forming all of the other turns.

2. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the spring is made of silicon in monocrystalline or polycrystalline form.

3. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the spring is made of a metal or a metal alloy.

4. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the outside curve with a larger section is obtained by only varying the thickness of the strip.

5. The watch movement according to claim 4, wherein the portion of the outside curve with a larger section has an angular sector of 20.

6. The watch movement according to claim 5, wherein the portion of the outside curve with a larger section is centered on a median part which is at +115 from reference axis Ox passing through a center of the spring and the end of the outside curve.

7. The watch movement according to claim 6, wherein the portion of the inside curve with a larger section is centered on a median part which is at 110 from reference axis Ox passing through a center of the spring and the end of the inside curve.

8. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the constant thickness of the portion of the strip between the outside curve and the inside curve is 0.042 mm.

9. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the watch movement includes a constant pitch between the turns.

10. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the spring is mounted on the arbour via a collet.

11. The watch movement according to claim 1, wherein the spring is mounted on the arbour via a self-locking washer.

12. The watch movement according to claim 11, wherein the self-locking washer includes a contour at a center of the self-locking washer and a plurality of openings positioned around the contour.

13. The watch movement according to claim 12, wherein the contour has a triangular, square, hexagonal, or circular shape.

14. The watch movement according to claim 11, wherein the self-locking washer is formed integrally with the spring.

15. The watch movement according to claim 11, wherein the self-locking washer is formed integrally with the spring via photolithography and galvanic growth.

16. A watch movement comprising: (a) a regulating balance mechanism, including (i) a balance; (ii) a spring; (iii) an arbour; (iv) a plate; and (v) a balance-cock, wherein the balance and the spring are mounted on the arbour, and wherein the arbour is pivotable between the plate and the balance-cock, wherein the spring comprises a single strip made up of a succession of turns, wherein an end of an inside curve of the strip is secured to the arbour and an end of an outside curve of the strip is secured to the balance-cock or to a part secured thereto, wherein a portion of the strip between the outside curve and the inside curve has a rectangular constant section with a constant height and a constant thickness, the spring is mounted on the arbour via a self-locking washer formed integrally with the spring.

17. The watch movement according to claim 16, wherein the self-locking washer includes a contour at a center of the self-locking washer and a plurality of openings positioned around the contour.

18. The watch movement according to claim 17, wherein the contour has a triangular, square, hexagonal, or circular shape.

19. The watch movement according to claim 16, wherein the self-locking washer is formed integrally with the spring via photolithography and galvanic growth.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

(1) Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in the following description of different embodiment examples given by way of non-limiting illustration with reference to the annexed drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a sprung balance of the prior art;

(3) FIG. 2 is an enlarged diagram of the spiral of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3A is a diagram of the isochronism obtained with the spiral shown in FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 3B is a diagram of the isochronism obtained with another spiral of the prior art;

(6) FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment of a spiral according to the invention;

(7) FIG. 5 is a diagram of the isochronism obtained with the spiral of FIG. 4;

(8) FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a spiral according to the invention;

(9) FIG. 7 is a diagram of the isochronism obtained with the spiral of FIG. 6;

(10) FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment of a spiral according to the invention;

(11) FIG. 9 is a diagram of the isochronism obtained with the spiral of FIG. 8;

(12) FIG. 10 shows a mode of securing a spiral according to the invention; and

(13) FIGS. 10A to 10E show other forms for securing the spiral to the centre.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(14) FIG. 1, which is partially torn away, shows a sprung balance of the prior art referred to in the preamble. Its features serve as a reference to show the significant progress brought by the invention as regards isochronism. Spiral 10 has the end of its curve at the centre 11 secured in a conventional manner onto a collet 20 driven onto the arbour 9 of the balance 8 pivoted between the plate 7 and the balance-cock 6. The regulating device further includes in a known manner a balance spring stud holder 5 for securing the outside curve 14 of spiral 10 and an index 4 provided with pins 3 and an index tail 2 facing a scale 1. In FIG. 2, which is an enlarged diagram of spiral 10 alone, it can be seen that said spiral is formed of 14 turns having a uniform rectangular section, for example 0.050.30 mm from the centre curve 11 to the outside curve 14, and that the turns have a constant pitch between them. The point of attachment of the centre curve 11 is located at a distance r from the centre of pivoting of the spiral, and that of outside curve 14, at a distance R, before the bend 16. In this example r and R have the respective values 0.57 mm and 2.46 mm. These values of r and R, and the number of turns, will be the same in the following description, unless otherwise indicated.

(15) With reference now to FIG. 3A, there is shown the isochronism diagram of a spiral having the aforementioned features. The oscillation amplitude of the balance expressed in degrees with respect to its position of balance is shown on the X axis The working deviation expressed in seconds per day is shown on the Y axis. This diagram includes five curves corresponding to the usual measurement positions with the sprung balance, horizontal (curve 1), then vertical (curves 2 to 5, by rotation through 90 from one curve to the other). The dotted line corresponds to the envelope of all the most unfavourable positions. Appreciation of the working deviation is carried out in a conventional manner by taking into consideration the maximum deviation of the envelope for an amplitude comprised between 200 and 300. In the diagram of FIG. 3A, it can be seen that this maximum deviation, with this reference spiral of the prior art, is 4.7 seconds per day for an amplitude of 236.

(16) FIG. 3B shows the diagram obtained with a spiral (not shown) having the features mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 209,642 cited in the preamble, namely with a strip thickness varying between 0.046 mm for outside curve 14 and 0.036 mm for inside curve 11. Contrary to what might be expected from the teaching of said patent, it will be observed that the maximum deviation has increased to 7.7 seconds per day for an amplitude of 230.

(17) With reference now to FIGS. 4 and 5, there will be described a first embodiment of a spiral the manufacture of which by micro-machining (photolithography and galvanic growth), or etching an amorphous or crystalline material allows geometry favourable to isochronism to be obtained. As can be seen, the pitch between one turn and the next decreases gradually towards the centre of the spiral. Conversely, the section increases from the outside curve 14 to the inside curve 11. Given that the manufacturing methods give the strip a constant height, the variation in section in fact corresponds to a change in the thickness which goes from 0.036 mm for the outside curve 14 to 0.046 mm for the inside curve 11.

(18) In the diagram shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the maximum deviation is decreased to 2.8 seconds per day for an amplitude of 242. A favourable result could be obtained on this maximum deviation by acting solely, either on pitch or on thickness e of the strip.

(19) FIGS. 6 and 7 correspond to a second Michel type embodiment for the outside curve 14 and for inside curve 11. The turns have a constant pitch between them and constant section corresponding to a constant thickness of 0.042 mm, with the exception of two turn portions for which the thickness is brought to 0.056 mm: a portion 12 of inside curve 11 over an angular sector of approximately 80 the median part of which is at substantially 110 from a reference axis Ox, and a portion 15 of outside curve 14 over an angular sector of approximately 20 the median part of which is at substantially +115 from reference axis Ox.

(20) In the diagram shown in FIG. 7 it can be seen that the maximum deviation is no more than 1.8 seconds per day. The value of the overthickness and the positions on the turns are given here solely by way of illustration, and it is clear that those skilled in the art can choose to have a larger number of zones of overthickness at different locations.

(21) FIGS. 8 and 9 show a third embodiment wherein inside curve 11 is of the Grossmann type 13, i.e. having the geometry described in the work Thorie gnrale de l'horlogerie by L. Defossez. This geometry is very difficult to obtain by deforming a metal strip. The manufacturing method according to the invention however allows such a configuration to be obtained very easily without any intervention by a highly qualified person. The diagram shown in FIG. 9 shows that the maximum deviation at 300 is only 2.1 seconds per day.

(22) Of course, given the freedom of configuration provided by the manufacturing methods according to the invention, it is possible to combine the embodiments previously described to obtain a spiral according to the invention having improved isochronism.

(23) FIG. 10 shows a spiral corresponding to the first embodiment (FIG. 4) wherein the collet 20 is replaced by a self-locking washer 17 formed at the same time as spiral 10. This washer 17 has at its centre a contour 19 such that it allows the arbour 9 of balance 8 to be locked without any play while having a certain elasticity provided by holes 18 distributed about the locking contour 19 shown in a star in FIG. 10. FIGS. 10A to 10E show other possible configurations of self-locking washer 17 with a triangular, square, hexagonal, circular or nose-shaped locking contour 19. When the spiral-self-locking washer assembly is made by photolithography and galvanic growth, one can advantageously make said self-locking washer 17, by means of an additional step, with a thickness greater than the height of the strip in order for spiral 10 to be held better on balance arbour 9.

(24) A spiral according to the invention made of an amorphous or crystalline material such as silicon can be manufactured by adapting the micro-machining methods already used for example for manufacturing integrated circuits or acceleration meters from a silicon wafer. Reference can be made in particular to the methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,571,661 and 5,576,250 concerning acceleration meters. The method basically consists of the following steps: applying a silicon wafer to a substrate creating an insulating SiO.sub.2 interface; thinning the plate to the desired strip height h in accordance with the method described by C. Harendt et al. (Wafer bonding and its application to silicon-on-insulator fabrication Technical Digest MNE'90, 2.sup.nd Workshop, Berlin, November 90, p. 81-86); forming a mask by photolithography corresponding to the desired spiral contour; etching the silicon wafer to the substrate, in accordance with known methods, such as wet method chemical etching, dry plasma etching or a combination of the two; and separating the spiral from the substrate.

(25) Given the very small dimensions of a spiral, it is obviously possible and advantageous to manufacture them in batches from a single silicon wafer.

(26) In order to manufacture a metal or metal alloy spiral according to the invention, the LIGA method, known since the middle of the 70s is used. In a first step, the method basically consists in spreading a positive or negative photoresist on a substrate previously coated with a sacrificial layer, over a thickness corresponding to the desired strip height h and forming a hollow structure corresponding to the desired spiral contour by means of a mask by photolithography and chemical etching. In a second step, said hollow structure is filled with a metal or a metal alloy either by electroplating as indicated for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,212, or by nanoparticle compression and sintering, as indicated for example in US Patent Application No. 2001/0038803.

(27) In a last step the spiral is released from the substrate by removing the sacrificial layer.