Or relating to closures

Abstract

A closure (910) comprising a base (912) and a lid (914), the base and lid being joined by a hinge arrangement (932) so that the lid is movable between a closed position and an open position, the hinge arrangement comprising a main hinge (981) and a separate auxiliary hinge (995), in which the lateral extent of the main hinge is greater than the lateral extent of the auxiliary hinge.

Claims

1. A closure, comprising: a base; a lid; and a hinge arrangement joining the base and the lid so that the lid is movable between a closed position and an open position, the hinge arrangement comprising a main hinge, an auxiliary hinge, and a hinge panel which links the hinges, the main hinge being connected to the base and the hinge panel, and the auxiliary hinge being connected to the lid and the hinge panel, wherein a lateral extent of the main hinge is greater than a lateral extent of the auxiliary hinge, whereby to provide resistance to damage from twisting and pulling in use, the hinge panel is a generally truncated triangular hinge panel positioned between the main hinge and the auxiliary hinge, the lid comprises a top plate and a side wall, and the auxiliary hinge is located in a region of an intersection between the top plate and the side wall.

2. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main hinge is a butterfly hinge.

3. The closure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main hinge comprises a pair of spaced trapezoidal links which link the base to the hinge panel.

4. The closure as claimed m claim 3, wherein the trapezoidal links are spaced apart from each other.

5. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary hinge is a living hinge.

6. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main hinge and the auxiliary hinge operate independently.

7. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main hinge and/or the auxiliary hinge is linear.

8. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lid moves through at least 180 between the closed and open positions.

9. The closure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a tamper-evident member which is visible prior to first opening of the closure in use, wherein upon first opening of the closure the tamper-evident member becomes at least partly hidden from view, whereby to indicate the closure has been opened at least once.

10. The closure as claimed in claim 9, wherein the tamper-evident member includes two rings, and at least one frangible connection connecting the two rings together.

11. The closure as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a spout, wherein the tamper-evident member masks at least part of the spout, the lid and the spout or the base include projections which engage with corresponding projections on the tamper-evident member such that on first opening of the closure the tamper-evident member is pulled apart so that one ring is pulled by the lid and the other ring is pulled by the base or the spout, the at least one frangible connection breaks such that the tamper-evident member splits into two parts, a lower of the rings falls into a pocket or void provided in the base so as to become at least partly hidden from view and/or to at least partly reveal at least part of the spout.

12. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lid is configured to be twisted up to 180 degrees without breaking the hinge arrangement.

13. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hinge panel forms part of the side wall of the lid and is separated therefrom to allow hinging movement.

14. The closure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a spout.

15. The closure as claimed in claim 14, wherein the spout forms part of the base, or the spout is formed separately from the base and the lid.

16. The closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main hinge is located at a first end of the generally truncated triangular hinge panel, and wherein the auxiliary hinge is located at a second end of the generally truncated triangular hinge panel, the second end being opposite the first end, and the second end being narrower than the first end.

17. A closure, comprising: a base; a lid; a dispensing spout; and a hinge arrangement joining the base and the lid so that the lid is movable between a closed position and an open position, the hinge arrangement comprising a main hinge, an auxiliary hinge, and a hinge panel, the hinge panel having a wider end and a narrower end, the main hinge being connected to the base and to the wider end of the hinge panel, the auxiliary hinge being connected to the lid and to the narrower end of the hinge panel, wherein the lid comprises a top plate and a side wall, and the auxiliary hinge is located in a region of an intersection between the top plate and the side wall.

18. A flip-top dispensing closure, comprising: a base; a lid; a spout; and a double hinge arrangement joining the base and the lid so that the lid is movable between a closed position and an open position, the double hinge arrangement comprising: a first hinge connected to the base, a second hinge connected to the lid, wherein the first hinge is wider than the second hinge, and a generally truncated triangular hinge panel positioned between the first hinge and the second hinge, the generally truncated triangular hinge panel connecting the first hinge to the second hinge, wherein the lid comprises a top plate and a side wall, and the auxiliary hinge is located in a region of an intersection between the top plate and the side wall.

19. The closure as claimed in claim 18, wherein the spout is formed separately from the base and the lid, and the closure further comprises a tamper-evident member for indicating whether the lid has been opened.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

(1) The present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a closure formed according to the present invention and shown in an unopened condition;

(3) FIG. 2 is a front elevation of the closure of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a section of the closure of FIGS. 1 and 2;

(5) FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 1 to 3 shown following opening and re-closure;

(6) FIG. 5 is a front elevation of the closure of FIG. 4;

(7) FIG. 6 is a section of the closure of FIGS. 4 and 5;

(8) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a tamper-evidencing double ring forming part of the closure of FIGS. 1 to 6;

(9) FIG. 8 is a section of the closure of FIGS. 1 to 6 in an unopened condition illustrating a drainage system;

(10) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 1 to 6 shown in an open position;

(11) FIG. 10 is a section of the closure of FIG. 9;

(12) FIG. 11 is a magnified sectional view showing the hinge of the closure of FIG. 10;

(13) FIG. 12 is a plan view of the hinge region of FIG. 11;

(14) FIG. 13 is a rear elevation of a closure formed according to an aspect of the present invention;

(15) FIG. 14 is a side elevation of the closure of FIG. 13;

(16) FIG. 15 is a front elevation of the closure of FIG. 13;

(17) FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of the closure of FIG. 13;

(18) FIG. 17 is a rear perspective view of the closure of FIG. 13;

(19) FIG. 18 is a magnified view of a hinge region of the closure of FIG. 17;

(20) FIG. 19 is a magnified view of a first hinge forming part of the hinge arrangement of FIG. 18;

(21) FIG. 20 is a rear view of the hinge of FIG. 19;

(22) FIG. 21 is a front elevation of the closure of FIG. 13;

(23) FIG. 22 is a section of the closure of FIG. 21 taking along Line A-A;

(24) FIG. 23 is a solid section of the closure of FIG. 22;

(25) FIG. 24 is a section of the closure of FIG. 23 with the lid open approximately 140 degrees;

(26) FIG. 25 is a perspective sectional view of FIG. 24;

(27) FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 24 and 25;

(28) FIG. 27 is a magnified view of the hinge region of the closure of FIG. 26;

(29) FIG. 28 is a section of the closure of FIG. 23 with the lid shown open approximately 160 degrees;

(30) FIG. 29 is a perspective sectional view of the closure of FIG. 28;

(31) FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 28 and 29;

(32) FIG. 31 is a magnified view of the hinge region of the closure of FIG. 30;

(33) FIG. 32 is a section of the closure of FIG. 23 with the lid shown open at approximately 180 degrees;

(34) FIG. 33 is a perspective sectional view of the closure of FIG. 32;

(35) FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 32 and 33;

(36) FIG. 35 is a magnified view of the hinge region of the closure of FIG. 34;

(37) FIG. 36 is a sectional line drawing of the closure of FIGS. 32 to 35.

(38) FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a closure formed according to a first embodiment of an aspect of the present invention and shown in an unopened state;

(39) FIG. 38 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 37 shown in an opened position;

(40) FIG. 39 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 38 shown re-closed;

(41) FIG. 40 is a front elevation of the closure of FIG. 39;

(42) FIG. 41 is a section of a closure formed according to an alternative embodiment and illustrating a closure body and a spout prior to assembly;

(43) FIG. 42 is a section of the closure of FIG. 41 shown during assembly;

(44) FIG. 43 is a magnified view of the region of a tamper-evident member of the closure shown in FIG. 42;

(45) FIG. 44 is a section of the closure of FIG. 41 shown fully assembled;

(46) FIG. 45 is a magnified view of the region of the tamper-evident member of the closure shown in FIG. 44;

(47) FIG. 46 is a perspective view of the region of the tamper-evident member shown in FIG. 45;

(48) FIG. 47 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 44 prior to first opening;

(49) FIG. 48 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 47 shown opened;

(50) FIG. 49 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 48 shown re-closed;

(51) FIG. 50 is a front elevation of the closure shown in FIG. 49;

(52) FIG. 51 is a section of the closure shown in FIG. 50;

(53) FIG. 52 is a magnified view of the region of the tamper-evident member of the closure shown in FIG. 51;

(54) FIG. 53 is a perspective view of the magnified region of FIG. 52;

(55) FIG. 54 is a magnified perspective view of the region of a tamper-evident member formed according to a further embodiment;

(56) FIG. 55 is a perspective view of another closure, with the lid in the initially closed position, according to a further embodiment;

(57) FIG. 56 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 55 with the lid in the closed position but having been opened at least once;

(58) FIG. 57 is a perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 55 and 56 with the lid in the open position;

(59) FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view of part of the closure of FIG. 55;

(60) FIG. 59 is a cross-sectional view of part of the closure of FIG. 56;

(61) FIG. 60 is a cross-sectional view of part of another closure, with the lid in the initially closed position, according to a further embodiment;

(62) FIG. 61 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 60;

(63) FIG. 62 is a side view of the closure of FIG. 60;

(64) FIG. 63 is a side view of the temper evident member of the closure of FIG. 60;

(65) FIG. 64 is a front elevation of the closure of FIG. 60 having been opened and reclosed;

(66) FIG. 65 is a side view of the spout member of the closure of FIG. 60;

(67) FIG. 66 is a perspective view of another closure, with the lid in the initially closed position, according to a further embodiment;

(68) FIG. 67 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 66, with the lid in the closed position but having been opened at least once;

(69) FIG. 68 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 66 with the lid in the open position;

(70) FIG. 69 is a cross-sectional side view of part of the closure of FIG. 66; and

(71) FIG. 70 is a cross-sectional side view of part of the closure of FIG. 67.

(72) FIG. 71 is a section of a closure formed according to a further aspect of the present invention;

(73) FIG. 72 is a side elevation of the closure of FIG. 71;

(74) FIG. 73A is an exploded perspective view of the components making up the closure of FIGS. 71 and 72;

(75) FIG. 73B is a side elevation of the view of FIG. 73A;

(76) FIG. 74 is a perspective view of a spout insert forming part of the closure of FIGS. 71 to 73;

(77) FIG. 75 is a perspective view of the closure of FIGS. 71 to 74 shown with a cut-out section illustrating the internal structure;

(78) FIG. 76 is a magnified view of the cut-out section of FIG. 75;

(79) FIG. 77 is a rear elevation of a closure formed according to a further aspect;

(80) FIGS. 78 and 79 are perspective side views of the closure of FIG. 77 shown in an open position, with a hinge arrangement being twisted; and

(81) FIG. 80 is a side elevation of the closure of FIG. 77 shown in an open position and with its lid being pulled upwards.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(82) Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 3 there is shown a closure generally indicated 10 which is connectable to a container neck finish (not shown). The closure 10 comprises a translucent body 11 and a spout insert 20.

(83) The body 11 comprises a base 12 and a lid 14.

(84) The base 12 comprises a generally cylindrical side wall 16 having at one end a tamper-evident annular band 17 connected thereto by a plurality of frangible bridges 18.

(85) The side wall 16 terminates at its end opposite the band 17 with an annular shoulder 16c which extends radially inwards.

(86) The generally turret-like lid 14 is connected to the free end of the shoulder 16c via a hinge arrangement generally indicated 32.

(87) The interior of the base side wall 16 comprises internal screw thread formations 16a for engaging corresponding external screw thread formations on a container neck. The interior of the side wall 16 further comprises an annular retention bead 16b.

(88) The interior of the band 17 comprises a segmented retention bead 17a for engagement under a locking bead on a container neck so that if the closure is unscrewed the band 17 will remain on a container neck.

(89) The lid 14 comprises a top plate 34 from which depends a lid sidewall 35; a spigot 36 depends from the underside of the centre of the lid.

(90) Opposite the hinge 32 the lid 14 includes a small peak 38 used to lift the lid and flip it open with respect to the base 12.

(91) The spout 20 comprises a generally cylindrical lower portion 50, a generally cylindrical central portion 51 and a generally frusto conical upper portion 52.

(92) The lower portion 50 comprises an annular external sealing bead 56. In use, the portion 50 enters the bore of the container neck such that the sealing bead 56 seals against its inner surface.

(93) The central retention portion 51 comprises a plurality of radially outwardly extending retention spokes 60.

(94) The upper portion 52 comprises a curved, generally frusto conical outer surface defining a spout. At the end of the spout side wall opposite the central portion 51 is a cylindrical terminal portion 70. An inclined annular orifice wall 72 extends inwards from the free end of the portion 70 and from it an annular wall 73 depends; the wall 73 defines an orifice 74.

(95) The spout 20 is received into the body 11. The retention spokes 60 engage over the retention bead 16b so that the spout is held firmly in position. The spigot 36 enters through the wall 73 to close the orifice 74.

(96) With the insert 20 in position slots are formed between the spokes 60 of the central portion 51 and the side wall 16, as shown in FIG. 9.

(97) As illustrated in FIG. 8, if fluid is sprayed at the closure 10, it may enter the interior of the closure via the hinge line interface between the lid 14 and the base 12. If this happens, the fluid can pass between the spokes 60 and then between the closure and container screw threads and out at the bottom of the side wall 16. This means that there is an unobstructed drainage path A for fluid to follow if it enters the closure. It may be necessary to force fluid through the drainage path, for example by blowing air at the closure.

(98) In a further embodiment the hinge arrangement 32 may be of the type described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 13 to 36. The hinge 32 may therefore allow the lid 14 to be held stably in an open position which is approximately 180 degrees from the closed position.

(99) A tamper-evident member 1 is provided for the closure and is shown in more detail in FIG. 7.

(100) The member 1 takes the form of a separate element having an upper ring 2 and a lower ring 3 connected together by frangible connections and is assembled with the closure 10. Upon assembly, the tamper-evident member 1 fits between the base and the lid and radially outward of the spout 20. The tamper-evident member 1 includes an upper projection 4 on the upper ring 2 which projects radially inwardly and a lower flange 5 on the lower ring which projects radially outwardly.

(101) When the tamper-evident member 1 is assembled with the closure 10 the upper projection 4 engages with a projection 25e provided on the radially inner surface of the side skirt 25b of the lid. Further, the flange 5 engages with the underside of the shoulder 16c on the spout 20. In this manner, when the lid is initially closed it cannot be opened without breaking the frangible connections. The member 1 therefore splits into the two rings 2, 3 as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, 9 and 10 and the lower ring 3 is no longer visible through the lid window, having dropped into the void 7 above the spout ledge 21.

(102) In FIGS. 1 to 3 the closure 10 is shown in the closed position. When a user desires to drink from the spout they grasp the lid and flip it open using the peak.

(103) The user can now access the spout freely and unencumbered by the lid. With the lid in the open position the ring 3 is retained in the lid by the projection 25e and is clearly visible.

(104) The lid can be returned to the closed position by overcoming the forces present in the panel section and the links (see below). The hinge arrangement returns to its original, unstressed state, ready to be opened once again when required. The separated rings 2, 3 show that the closure has been opened at least once, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.

(105) Referring now to FIGS. 13 to 23 there is shown a closure generally indicated 110 connected to a container neck finish 105. As illustrated in FIGS. 4, 10 and 11 the closure 10 comprises a body 111, a spout insert 120 and a self-closing valve assembly 125.

(106) The body 111 comprises a base 112 and a lid 114.

(107) The base 112 comprises a generally cylindrical side wall 116 having at one end a tamper-evident annular ring 117 connected thereto by a plurality of frangible bridges 118.

(108) The side wall 116 terminates at its end opposite the band 117 with an annular shoulder 116c which extends radially inwards.

(109) The generally turret-like lid 114 is connected to the free end of the shoulder 116c via a hinge arrangement generally indicated 132.

(110) The interior of the base side wall 116 comprises internal screw thread formations 116a for engaging corresponding external screw thread formations on a container neck. The interior of the side wall 116 further comprises an annular retention bead 116b.

(111) The interior of the band 117 comprises an annular retention bead 117a for engagement under a locking bead 106 on the container neck 105 so that if the closure is unscrewed the band will remain on a container neck.

(112) The lid 114 comprises a top plate 134 from which depends a lid sidewall 135; a spigot 136 depends from the underside of the centre of the lid.

(113) Opposite the hinge 132 the lid 114 includes a small peak 138 used to lift the lid and flip it open with respect to the base 112.

(114) The spout 120 comprises a generally cylindrical lower portion 150, a generally cylindrical central portion 151 and a generally frusto conical upper portion 152.

(115) The lower portion 150 comprises an annular external sealing bead 156. In use, the sealing part 154 enters the bore of the container neck such that the sealing bead 156 seals against its inner surface.

(116) The central retention portion 151 comprises a plurality of radially outwardly extending retention spokes 160.

(117) The upper portion 152 comprises a curved, generally frusto conical outer surface defining a spout. At the end of the spout side wall opposite the central portion 151 is a cylindrical terminal portion 170. An annular orifice wall 172 extends inwards from the free end of the portion 170 and defines an orifice 174. The wall 172 includes a depending annular projection 173. An annular retention bead 176 depends internally from the base of the terminal portion.

(118) The self-closing valve assembly 125 comprises a body 126 and a valve 127. This structure is itself known from the Applicant's International Patent Application No PCT/EP2005/053917. The valve body 125 includes a retention bead 128 which clips over the spout retention bead. The valve assembly 125 is received between the retention bead 176 and the annular wall projection 173.

(119) The spout 120 is received into the body 115. The retention spokes 160 engage over the retention bead 116b so that the spout is held firmly in position. The spigot 136 enters the orifice 174.

(120) With the insert 120 in position slots are formed between the spokes 160 of the central portion 151 and the side wall 116.

(121) If fluid is sprayed at the closure 110, it may enter the interior of the closure via the hinge line interface between the lid 114 and the base 112. If this happens, the fluid can pass between the spokes/ribs 160 and then between the closure and container screw threads and out at the bottom of the side wall 116. This means that there is an unobstructed drainage path for fluid to follow if it enters the closure. It may be necessary to force fluid through the drainage path, for example by blowing air at the closure.

(122) The hinge arrangement 132 comprises a pair of generally trapezoidal straps 180, 182 which link the base to a generally trapezoidal hinge panel 184. Between the straps 180, 182 the base includes an elongated trapezoidal upstand 186 and the panel 184 includes a mirror image deformable projection/region/section 188. The projections 186, 188 are separated by a gap 190 which has a resultant generally dumbbell-shape configuration having two generally triangular openings 191, 192 joined by a thin rectangular opening 193.

(123) At the opposite end of the hinge panel 184 a generally linear material thinning line 195 provides a secondary hinge line 195.

(124) In FIGS. 21 to 23 the closure 110 is shown in the closed position. When a user desires to drink from the spout they grasp the lid and flip it open using the peak.

(125) In FIGS. 24 to 27 the lid is shown in an intermediate position in which the lid has been rotated approximately 140 degrees away from the base. The lid articulates with respect to the base by the links 180, 182. In the position shown the hinge panel projection 188 region (shown best in FIG. 19) begins to contact the shoulder of the lid.

(126) In FIGS. 28 to 31 the lid is shown rotated further, to approximately 160 degrees. The panel 184 starts to roll onto the shoulder.

(127) At approximately 170 degrees the panel projection 188 is deformed by the base, with a clicking sound accompanying the flip/snap from the generally convex to a concave configuration.

(128) In FIGS. 32 to 36, the closure is shown fully open. The panel projection 188 has been deformed and passes from a generally convex to a generally concave configuration. The deformation of the panel section 188 places the straps 180, 182 under stress and this holds the lid in the open position. It is noted that the fully open position is facilitated by the secondary hinge 195, which allows the lid to articulate further than if only the straps 180, 182 were present.

(129) The user can now access the spout freely and unencumbered by the lid.

(130) The lid can be returned to the closed position by overcoming the forces present in the panel section and the links. The hinge arrangement returns to its original, unstressed state, ready to be opened once again when required.

(131) Tamper-evident features suitable for use with closures of the present invention, for example in FIGS. 1 to 12 and FIGS. 13 to 36, are now described in more detail in relation to different closures.

(132) Referring first to FIG. 37 there is shown a tamper-evident closure generally indicated 210. The closure 210 is intended for attachment to the neck 215 of a container.

(133) The closure 210 comprises a base 220 and a lid 225 which together comprise a closure body. The lid 225 is connected to the base 220 by a hinge 226.

(134) The base 220 comprises a cylindrical skirt 220a which is open at both ends. At the end of the skirt 220a adjacent the lid 225 a flange 224, or top or upper surface 224 of the base 220 extends radially inward.

(135) The lid 225 comprises an upturned cup-shape body having a top plate 225a and a side skirt 225b depending from the periphery of the top plate 225a.

(136) The skirt 225b is co-axial and concentric with the base skirt 220a. The flange 224 reduces the diameter of the base 220 to match the lid. Accordingly the flange 224 comprises an inward step.

(137) The base 220 is provided with a tamper-evident tab 230. The tab 230 is shown in an upstanding position in which it is in register with a window 227 formed as a cut-out at the base of the lid skirt 225b.

(138) The tab 230 is positioned at the mouth of a pocket 231 formed in the flange 224. The tab 230 is held in place by two frangible bridges (not shown). One bridge connects the tab 230 to the base 220 and the other connects the tab to the lid 225.

(139) In order to open the closure 210 the lid 225 is hinged to the position shown in FIG. 38 away from the base 220. When the lid is moved both of the frangible bridges are broken. The tab 230 is released into the pocket 231 where it is retained as shown in FIG. 38.

(140) When the lid 225 is returned to the closed position as shown in FIGS. 39 and 40 the window 227 of the lid 225 is no longer masked by the tab 230 because the tab is hidden from sight and so provides visible evidence that the closure has been opened.

(141) The closure 210 may include a dispensing member (not shown) which would be visible through the window 227.

(142) Referring now to FIG. 41 there is shown a closure 310 according to a second embodiment.

(143) The closure 310 includes a base 320 and a lid 325 which are connected together by a hinge (see FIGS. 47 to 49). Together the base and lid comprise a closure body.

(144) The base 320 comprises a generally cylindrical skirt 320a with internal screw thread formations 321 and a retention bead 322 formed on its interior surface.

(145) At one end of the base skirt 320a a tamper-evident drop band 323 is provided. The band 323 comprises an annular strip 323a with an upturned annular flap 323b at its free edge formed to engage under a retention bead of a container. The band 323a is connected to the lower end of the base 320 by frangible bridges 323c. At the other end of the skirt 320a a flange 324 extends radially inwardly to form a shoulder.

(146) The lid 325 comprises a top plate 325a and a side skirt 325b which depends from the periphery of the skirt 325b. The underside of the top plate 325a is formed with a sealing spigot 325c. At the open end of the skirt 325b two diametrically opposed tamper-evident tabs 330 are provided. The tabs 330 are formed in windows 327 at the lower end of the skirt 320a and are frangibly connected to the windows 327 by bridges 332, as best shown in FIG. 46.

(147) The tabs 330 are generally L-shape in section and comprise a main plate 330a to which the frangible bridges 332 are centrally connected, and an undercut leg portion 331.

(148) The flange 324 is formed with two diametrically opposed cut-out portions 324a which are in register with the tabs 330, as shown best in FIG. 46.

(149) The closure 310 is shown in its as-moulded condition (i.e. it is moulded in the closed position) in which the lid 325 is held on the base 320 by a hinge (see FIGS. 47 and 48). Accordingly, the tabs 330 are effectively suspended from the windows 327 by the bridges 332. The relative dimensions of the tabs 330 and the recesses 324b of the flange 324 mean that in the as-moulded condition if the lid 325 was hinged away from the base 320 the tabs 330 would pass through the recesses 324 without breaking off.

(150) The closure 310 further comprises a spout section generally indicated 340. The spout section 340 comprises a body with a frusto-conical nipple 341 which defines an aperture 341a and is joined to a base section 342 at a shoulder 342a. A retention hook 343 extends transversely from the base 342. A sealing lip 344 depends from the free end of the base 342 and is intended to seal in the bore of a container neck (not shown).

(151) Referring now to FIGS. 42 and 43 the closure 310 is shown in a partially assembled position.

(152) The spout 340 is introduced into the interior of the closure 310 through the base skirt 320a to the position shown in FIG. 42. It will be noted that the upper face of the bead 343 of the spout 340 engages the underside of the bead 322 of the base 320. Further, the spigot 325c begins to enter the aperture 341 a of the nipple 341.

(153) It will also be noted that the rounded shoulder 342a of the spout 340 engages the tabs 330 at the intersection of the main plates 330a and the leg portions 331.

(154) Referring now to FIGS. 44 to 47 the spout 340 is shown maximally inserted into the closure body. The continued insertion of the spout 340 means that the bead 343 snaps over the bead 322 to hold the spout 340 firmly in position. Further, the spigot 325c is sealingly engaged in the aperture 341a.

(155) The continued insertion of the spout 340 means that the shoulder 342a pushes on the tabs 330 to cause them to swing radially outwardly as they pivot about the bridges 332. This means that the leg portions 331 of the tabs 330 engage under the flange 324 at the outside of the recesses 324a.

(156) It will be noted that a void 350 is formed between the flange 324 and the annular retention bead 343.

(157) Referring now to FIG. 48 the lid 325 is shown flipped to its open position so that the nipple 341 is exposed through the base 320. The windows 327 in the open end of the lid skirt 325b are clearly shown.

(158) It will be noted that the tabs 330 are hidden from view now that the lid 325 has been opened. This is because when the lid 325 is opened the legs 331 of the tabs 330 abut against the flange 324 to prevent the tabs 330 from being lifted with the rest of the lid. Accordingly, as the lid 325 is lifted the bridges 332 break which releases the tabs 330. The tabs 330 drop into the void 350 as shown in FIGS. 49 to 53. The tabs 330 are retained in the void 350 during subsequent opening and closing operations.

(159) It will be noted that because the tabs 330 are no longer in register with the windows 360, the spout nipple 341 is clearly visible through the lid 325. In this embodiment the spout nipple 341 and the lid 325 are formed from different coloured materials so that the spout 340 can be seen clearly through the windows 327 as an indicator that the tabs 330 are no longer present.

(160) Referring now to FIG. 54 there is shown a magnified section of the region of a tamper-evident tab 430 formed according to a further embodiment. The tab 430 is very similar to the tab 330 shown in FIG. 46. However, whereas the tab 330 shown in FIG. 46 is retained by a single bridge from above the tab 430 is retained by two flanking lateral bridges 432.

(161) In FIG. 55, a closure according to a further embodiment is referenced 510. The closure comprises a base 520 having a substantially cylindrical skirt 520a and a lid 525 having a top plate 525a. The lid 525 also comprises a substantially cylindrical side skirt 525b. In this embodiment, the side skirt 525b has a portion directly opposite the hinge which is similar to a visor in a motorcycle crash helmet.

(162) At the junction between the top of the base 520 and the underside of the lid 525 a tamper-evident member 530 is visible. This tamper-evident member 530 is in the form of a tab and is frangibly connected to the lid 525. With reference to FIGS. 58 and 59, the tamper-evident member 530 has a projection 533 on its lower radially outward side. The lid is moulded in the open position. When the lid is initially closed at least part of the tamper-evident member 530 passes through an opening in the top surface 524 of the base partially into a void or pocket 531 provided in the base 520. The projection 533 engages underneath the top surface 524 of the base 520. The projection is formed such that it allows the tamper-evident member to pass through the opening in the top surface 524 but will not allow it to be removed. Accordingly, when the lid 525 is first opened the frangible bridges 532, which connect the tamper-evident member 530 to the lid 525, break since the projection 533 prevents the tamper-evident member 530 from leaving the void 531 provided underneath the hole in the top surface 524 of the base 520. When this occurs the tamper-evident member moves further into the void or pocket 531.

(163) A cross sectional side view of part of the closure 510 is shown in FIG. 59 in which the closure has been initially opened and then re-closed. Accordingly, the frangible bridges 532 have broken and the tamper-evident member 530 is resident in the void 531 provided under the top surface 524 of the base 520. A gap 527 is left between the underside of the lid 525 and the upper surface 524 of the base through which the dispensing member 540 is visible.

(164) FIG. 56 shows a perspective view of the closure 510 after it has been initially opened and re-closed. The gap 527 is visible where the tamper-evident member 530 was previously present. No other parts of the closure lie between the gap 527 and the spout 540 which lies within the closure 510. Accordingly, the spout 540 is visible through the gap 527. If the spout is manufactured from a different material and/or has a different colour from the lid and/or base, and in particular from the tamper-evident member 530, then it would be more clearly visible through the gap 527 and thus provide evidence of the closure having been opened and re-closed in a more obvious manner.

(165) FIG. 57 shows the closure 510 in the open position. The tamper-evident member 530 is not visible because it has dropped inside the void 531 provided in the upper surface 524 of the base 520. A gripping portion 525c is provided at the upper end of the lid 525 directly above the tamper-evident member 530. It is seen that the lid 525 is connected to the base 520 by a hinge 526. The lid and base may be moulded integrally together or may be formed as separate items. The closure 510 may be fitted to a container 515. The closure 510 may include an additional tamper-evident member 523 provided at the lower end of the base 520. This tamper-evident member 523 provides evidence that the closure has been removed from the container 515 and operates in the well-understood manner of tamper-evident drop bands.

(166) FIGS. 60 to 65 relate to a further embodiment of the closure, generally referenced 610. FIG. 60 is cross sectional view of the closure 610. It is seen that the closure 610 comprises a base 620 and a lid 625. The lid has a top surface 625a and a projection 625c on one side to aid gripping and opening of the lid 625. Within the closure 610 is a spout or dispensing member 640. This is a separate member which is fitted inside the base 620 and lid 625. The base 620 and lid 625 are pivoted together by the hinge 626. The lid 625 has an annular projection 625d which depends from the top surface 625a and presses against part of the spout 640 so as to provide a seal. Further, the lid 625 includes an annular projection depending from the underside of top surface 625a and which takes the form of a bore seal to seal against the inner surface of the spout 640 to prevent leakage of the contents of the container when the lid is in the closed position.

(167) The spout 640 includes a projection 641 which projects radially outward from the side of the spout 640 at approximately the same axial level, when assembled with the base and/or lid, as the parting plane between the underside of the lid 625 and the upper surface of the base 620. Furthermore, the skirt 625b of the lid 625 has a projection 625e. This projection projects radially inward at the lower end of the lid 625 in the circumferential region radially opposite the hinge 626. A gap 627 is left between the lower end of the side skirt 625b in a region approximately opposite the hinge 626 and the upper surface of the base 620. A void or pocket 631 is provided between the spout 640 and the base 620. A tamper-evident member 630 which takes the form of a separate element having an upper ring 630a and a lower ring 630b connects together by frangible connections 632 (refer to FIG. 63) is assembled with the closure 610. Upon assembly, the tamper-evident member 630 fits between the base and the lid and radially outward of the spout 640. The tamper-evident member 630 includes an upper projection 634 which projects radially outwardly and a lower projection 633 which projects radially inwardly. When the tamper-evident member 630 is assembled with the closure 610 the upper projection 634 engages with the projection 625e provided on the radially inner surface of the side skirt 625b of the lid 625. Further, the lower projection 633 engages with the projection 641 provided on the spout 640. In this manner, when the lid is initially closed it cannot be opened without breaking the frangible connections 632. This is because the projections 634, 625e, 633, 641 prevent the lid being opened. The projections 634, 633, 625e, 641 are all shaped to allow initial installation in that they have angled surfaces on one side so that the corresponding projections may pass over one another during assembly. However, they also include undercuts, on the sides opposite to the sides having the angled surfaces, which engage with corresponding undercuts of the corresponding projections to prevent the projections from passing over one another following installation.

(168) The spout 640 also includes a bore seal 644 which seals against the radially inner surface of an associated container (not shown). Furthermore, the closure 610 includes a tamper-evident member 623 at the lower end of the base 620 which operates in a similar manner to well-known tamper-evident drop members.

(169) In FIG. 61, the hinge 626 is more clearly visible at the rear of the closure, radially or circumferentially opposite the gripping projection 625c. In FIG. 62, the tamper-evident member 630 is visible between the base 620 and the lid 625. In FIG. 64, the tamper-evident member has dropped into the void 631 as the lid 625 has been initially opened and then re-closed. Accordingly, part of the spout 640 is visible through the gap 627. In FIG. 65 the spout 640 is more clearly shown. The spout includes the annular projection 641, referred to above, for engagement with the tamper-evident member 630. It also includes, at an axially lower position, an annular projection 642 which seals against the inside of the base 620.

(170) FIGS. 66 to 70 relate to a further embodiment of the closure. This embodiment operates in a similar manner to that described above with respect to FIGS. 60 to 65 in that the closure has a separate tamper-evident member 730. In this embodiment the closure 710 is moulded with the lid 725 in the closed position. It may be connected to the base 720 via frangible bridges. The lid 725 of the closure 710 has a top surface 725a and a visor 725b in a similar manner to that described above. Further, the closure 710 may include a tamper-evident band 723 at the lower end of the base 720 in a similar manner to that described above. When the tamper-evident member 730 has dropped into the void 731 (refer to FIGS. 69 and 70) a gap 727 allows the spout 740 to be visible even when the lid 725 is in the re-closed position. The lid 725 may be connected to the base 720 by a hinge 726.

(171) The tamper-evident member 730 has an upper ring 530a and a lower ring 730b. The upper ring 730a includes a projection 734 on the radially outer surface. The lower ring 730b includes a projection 733 on the radially inner surface. The spout 740 includes a projection 741 on its radially outer surface. The visor 725b includes a projection 725e on the radially inner surface at its lower end. When the tamper-evident band 730 is assembled with the closure the projections 734 and 725e engage with one another and the projections 741 and 733 engage with one another. The projections are all formed with angled surfaces on one side to allow the projections to pass over one another during assembly. They also include undercut surfaces, on the sides opposite the angled surfaces, which abut one another when the lid is initially opened such that the frangible connections 732 break and the lower ring 730b drops into the void 731 provided in the base 720.

(172) With regard to the use of the relative terms such as upper and lower throughout the specification, these relate to the orientation of the closures shown in the figures and are not to be interpreted in any way to limit the invention. The term axial relates to the vertical (as shown in the figures) axis through the dispensing orifice of the closure and the term radial correspond to this axis.

(173) Although several different embodiments are described in this specification many of the features present in each closure are similar and/or are identical. For instance, each closure may be retained on an associated container by means of snap-beads and/or screw threads. Further, the shape and appearance of the dispensing member or spout is similar in each closure having a nipple and means of engagement with the base. Accordingly, not all of the various features in each embodiment have been fully described.

(174) A drainage system suitable for use with the closure of, for example, FIGS. 1 to 12 is now described in more detail in relation to a different closure.

(175) Referring first to FIGS. 71 to 73 there is shown a closure generally indicated 810. The closure 810 comprises a body 815, a spout insert 820 and a self-closing valve assembly 825.

(176) The body 815 comprises a generally cylindrical side wall 816 having at one end a tamper-evident annular ring 817 connected thereto by a plurality of frangible bridges 818.

(177) The side wall 816 terminates at its end opposite the band 817 with an annular shoulder 816c which extends radially inwards. A generally turret-like lid 830 is connected to the free end of the shoulder 816c via a hinge 832.

(178) The interior of the side wall 816 comprises internal screw thread formations 816a for engaging corresponding external screw thread formations on a container neck. The interior of the side wall 816 further comprises an annular retention bead 816b.

(179) The interior of the band 817 comprises a plurality of upturned flaps 817a for engagement under a locking bead on a container neck so that if the closure is unscrewed the band will remain on a container neck.

(180) The lid 830 comprises a generally hexagonal top plate 834 from which depends a spigot 836. Opposite the hinge 832 the lid 830 includes a small peak 838 used to lift the lid and flip it open with respect to the base 815.

(181) A tamper-evident strip 840 is frangibly connected between the lid 830 and the base 815. The strip 840 terminates with a tab 842 at either end to allow it to be torn away prior to first opening of the lid.

(182) Referring now also to FIG. 74, the spout 820 comprises a generally cylindrical lower portion 850, a generally cylindrical central portion 851 and a generally frusto conical upper portion 852.

(183) The lower portion 850 comprises an annular sealing part 854 having an external sealing bead 856. In use, the sealing part 854 enters a container neck such that the sealing bead 856 seals against its inner surface (as shown in FIGS. 75 and 76).

(184) The central retention portion 851 comprises an annular base 858 from which project a plurality of spaced axial ribs 860 which are used to secure the insert 820 in the body 815.

(185) The base 858 further includes a plurality of radially outwardly extending retention spokes 862 positioned at the bottom of each rib 860. Between each spoke 862 is an inclined ledge 864 which extends radially outwardly approximately the same extent as the ribs 860. The spokes 862 are generally L-shape with the shorter leg projecting away from the upper portion 852.

(186) As shown in best in FIG. 71, the upper portion 852 comprises a curved, generally frusto conical outer surface defining a spout. At the end of the spout side wall opposite the central portion 851 is a cylindrical terminal portion 870. An annular orifice wall 872 extends inwards from the free end of the portion 870 and defines an orifice 874. An annular retention bead 876 depends internally from the base of the terminal portion.

(187) The self-closing valve assembly 825 comprises a body 826 and a valve 827. This structure is itself known from the Applicant's International Patent Application No PCT/EP2005/053917. The valve body 825 includes a retention bead 828 which clips over the spout retention bead. The valve assembly 825 is received between the retention bead 876 and the annular wall 872 as shown best in FIG. 71.

(188) Referring now also to FIGS. 75 and 76, the spout 820 is received into the body 815. The retention spokes 862 engage over the retention bead 816b and the ribs 860 fit tightly within the orifice defined by the shoulder 816c so that the spout is held firmly in position. The ribs 860 also fit tightly within the lid 830 to hold it in the closed position. The spigot 836 enters the orifice 874 and abuts against the valve 827 to prevent it from opening with the lid closed.

(189) As will be appreciated best from FIGS. 74 to 76, with the insert 820 in position slots are formed between the spokes 862 and ledges 864 of the central portion 851 and the side wall 816. Furthermore, a passage between the lid 830 and the base 858 is established by the ribs 860.

(190) As illustrated in FIG. 76, when fluid is sprayed at the closure 810, it may enter the interior of the closure via the hinge line interface between the lid 830 and the base 815. If this happens, the fluid can pass between the ribs 860 and down over the ledges 864 before passing through the slots and then between the closure and container screw threads and out at the bottom of the side wall 816. This means that there is an unobstructed drainage path for fluid to follow if it enters the closure. It may be necessary to force fluid through the drainage path, for example by blowing air at the closure.

(191) Referring now to FIG. 77 there is shown a closure 910 formed according to a further aspect. The closure 910 shares many features in common with the closure 10 (FIGS. 1 to 12) and the closure 110 (FIGS. 13 to 36), incorporating a double hinge arrangement 932 in a flip-top dispensing closure with a double-ring tamper-evident system 902, 903.

(192) The hinge 932 has a main hinge comprising a butterfly hinge 981 with pair of spaced trapezoidal links 980, 982 which link the base to the base of a generally truncated triangular hinge panel 984. The links 980, 982 are spaced by a dumb-bell shape gap 986.

(193) At the opposite, narrower end of the panel an auxiliary hinge 995 is provided. The hinge 995 is a living hinge located in the region of the intersection between the lid sidewall and the top plate. The hinge panel 984 effectively forms part of the lid sidewall, although it, and the links 980, 982, is separated from the sidewall (other than at the auxiliary hinge line) by gaps 983 to allow the required hinging movement illustrated.

(194) It will be noted that the width of the main hinge is greater than the auxiliary hinge. This gives the hinge arrangement increased resistance damage from twisting (see FIGS. 78 and 79) and pulling (see FIG. 80). In other words, the hinge arrangement protects the main hinge from breakage under loading. The main hinge is not damaged or stressed even if the lid is pulled or twisted. In this embodiment the hinge can be twisted up to 180 degrees without breaking. This is important, for example, to prevent breakage of the hinge during use. This hinge arrangement could be used with any of the aspects or embodiments described herein.

(195) Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in detail herein, with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments shown and that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.