Method of manufacturing cylindrical container

Abstract

There is provided a method of manufacturing a cylindrical container using a metal sheet on at least one surface of which the metal is exposed. The method includes: obtaining a blank having a hexagonal shape from the metal sheet; and processing the blank into a cylindrical shape by pressing a central part of the blank with a punch in a state in which a peripheral part of the blank is clamped between a die for drawing process and a blank holder. The method is characterized by the following features. At least one of the die for drawing process and the blank holder has a groove-formed area at a portion of a surface thereof. The portion corresponds to a side of the blank. The groove-formed area is formed with a plurality of grooves along the circumferential direction. The blank is processed into the cylindrical shape by clamping the peripheral part of the blank between the die for drawing process and the blank holder so that the surface of the blank on which the metal is exposed is in a state of facing the groove-formed area and the side of the blank is in a position that corresponds to the groove-formed area.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a cylindrical container using a metal sheet on at least one surface of which the metal is exposed, comprising: obtaining a blank having a hexagonal shape from the metal sheet; and processing the blank into a cylindrical shape by pressing a central part of the blank with a punch in a state in which a peripheral part of the blank is clamped between a die for drawing process and a blank holder, wherein at least one of the die for drawing process and the blank holder has a plurality of groove-formed areas having a plurality of grooves which are arranged along a radial direction on a surface thereof, the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves being formed in an area corresponding to a plurality of sides of the blank having the hexagonal shape, wherein the blank is processed into the cylindrical shape by clamping the peripheral part of the blank between the die for drawing process and the blank holder so that the surface of the blank on which the metal is exposed is in a state of facing the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves and the plurality of sides of the blank is in a position that corresponds to the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves.

2. The method of manufacturing a cylindrical container according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves are formed along a circumferential direction and on the surface of the at least one of the die for drawing process and the blank holder, the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves being formed in the area corresponding to the plurality of sides of the blank having the hexagonal shape.

3. The method of manufacturing a cylindrical container according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves formed along the circumferential direction and in the area corresponding to the plurality of sides of the blank are each formed in a region of 15 to 45 with the circumferential direction.

4. The method of manufacturing a cylindrical container according to claim 1, wherein the die for drawing process has the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves on the surface thereof, the plurality of groove-formed areas having the plurality of grooves being formed in the area corresponding to the plurality of sides of the blank having the hexagonal shape.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1A is a schematic view when blanks 20 having a hexagonal shape are punched out of a metal sheet 10.

(2) FIG. 1B is a schematic view when blanks 20a having a circular shape are punched out of a metal sheet 10.

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating the shape of a hexagonally-shaped blank 20 obtained according to the present embodiment.

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the structure of a die 30 for drawing process which is used in the present embodiment.

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a method of drawing process in the present embodiment.

(6) FIG. 5A is a schematic plan view illustrating a specific configuration of a wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 for drawing process which is used in the present embodiment.

(7) FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view along line VB-VB in FIG. 5A.

(8) FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the positional relationship between the hexagonally-shaped blanks 20 and groove-formed areas 322.

(9) FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating measurement results of height variation H in Example 1.

(10) FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating measurement results of thickness variation t in Example 1.

(11) FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating measurement results of height variation H in Comparative Example 1.

(12) FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating measurement results of thickness variation t in Comparative Example 1.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(13) A method of manufacturing a cylindrical container according to the present embodiment will hereinafter be described with reference to the drawings.

(14) <Obtaining Hexagonally-shaped Blanks>

(15) In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of hexagonally-shaped blanks 20 for forming cylindrical containers are obtained first by punching the blanks 20 out of a metal sheet 10 on at least one surface of which the metal is exposed (hereinafter, referred simply to as a metal sheet 10). FIG. 1A is a schematic view when the blanks 20 having a hexagonal shape are punched out of the metal sheet 10.

(16) The metal sheet 10 may be, but is not particularly limited to, a sheet of metal that substantially does not have an organic resin layer and is configured such that the metal is exposed on at least one surface thereof. A sheet of metal on both surfaces of which the metal is exposed may preferably be used. Examples of such a sheet of metal on at least one surface of which the metal is exposed include metal sheets for the use in battery cases, metal sheets for the use in beverage containers, and metal sheets for the use in food containers. In the present embodiment, specific examples of the metal sheet 10 include, but are not particularly limited to, various kinds of metal sheets, such as steel sheet, tin-free steel sheet, tin plated steel sheet, aluminum alloy sheet, zinc plated steel sheet, zinc-cobalt-molybdenum composite plated steel sheet, zinc-nickel alloy plated steel sheet, zinc-iron alloy plated steel sheet, alloyed hot dip zinc plated steel sheet, zinc-aluminum alloy plated steel sheet, zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy plated steel sheet, nickel plated steel sheet, copper plated steel sheet, and stainless steel sheet.

(17) According to the present embodiment, when the blanks for forming cylindrical containers are obtained from the metal sheet as illustrated in FIG. 1A, the blanks can be punched out into a hexagonal shape thereby to suppress an unnecessary portion between adjacent blanks, compared to the case in which blanks are punched out into a circular shape so that a plurality of circular blanks 20a are obtained as illustrated in FIG. 1B. This allows the improvement of the yield rate. In particular, when the blanks are punched out into a circular shape as illustrated in FIG. 1B, an unnecessary portion remains to include approximately triangular shapes having a relatively large surface area, whereas when the blanks are punched out into a hexagonal shape as illustrated in FIG. 1A, such an unnecessary portion does not remain, so that the utilization efficiency of the metal sheet 10 can be effectively enhanced thereby to improve the yield rate.

(18) FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating the shape of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 obtained according to the present embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the blank 20 is based on a hexagonal shape. It is preferred that each corner part of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 has a shape rounded into a circular arc. Such a shape rounded into a circular arc can effectively prevent the occurrence of height variation due to the corner parts (in particular due to the corner parts being in a sharply-angled shape) when the blank is formed into a cylindrical container. The shapes rounded into a circular arc and formed at corner parts of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 have a radius of curvature R. The radius of curvature R and a diagonal line length 2r (2r) may be appropriately set depending on the size of products to be obtained. The ratio R/2r and the ratio R/2r may preferably be within a range of 0.15 to 0.45, and more preferably within a range of 0.25 to 0.40. If the ratio falls below the range, the shape of the blank will be unduly close to a circular shape to reduce the yield rate, whereas if the ratio falls above the range, the height variation in the formed can will be large due to the effect of the corner parts.

(19) The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1A and FIG. 2 exemplifies an aspect in which the hexagonally-shaped blanks 20 are punched out so that a pair of sides among the sides that constitute the hexagonal shape of each blank 20 is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the metal sheet 10, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this aspect. In another aspect, for example, the blanks may be punched out so that a pair of sides is parallel to the rolling direction.

(20) Moreover, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1A and FIG. 2 exemplifies a case in which the hexagonally-shaped blanks 20 have a shape based on a regular hexagonal shape, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. The blanks may have another hexagonal shape in consideration of anisotropy of the metal sheet 10 due to the rolling. More specifically, in FIG. 2, the blank may have a hexagonal shape in which the relationship between a length 2r of the diagonal line perpendicular to the rolling direction and a length 2r of another diagonal line is 2r2r (i.e., a hexagonal shape that is other than a regular hexagonal shape and has the same length of each pair of opposing sides).

(21) <Drawing Process>

(22) Subsequently, in the present embodiment, the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 obtained as the above is processed into a cylindrical shape through a drawing process.

(23) In the present embodiment, the drawing process for the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 is performed using a die 30 for drawing process as illustrated in FIG. 3. The die 30 has a circular opening part 31 and a wrinkle preventing surface 32. The die 30 further has a shoulder part 33 which merges from the wrinkle preventing surface 32 into the opening part 31 with a predetermined radius of curvature. Specific drawing process will be described with reference to FIG. 4. The hexagonally-shaped blank 20 is first placed on the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 for drawing process so that the center of the blank 20 is aligned with the center of the die 30. A doughnut-shaped blank holder 40 is then caused to be in contact with the upper surface of the blank 20. The blank holder 40 has an aperture through which a punch 50 can pass. The peripheral part of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 is clamped between the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 and the blank holder 40. In this state, the punch 50 is moved downward in the arrow direction to perform the drawing process for the hexagonally-shaped blank 20.

(24) The die 30 for drawing process is provided with the shoulder part 33 which merges from the wrinkle preventing surface 32 into the opening part 31 with a predetermined radius of curvature. This allows the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 to smoothly fit into the opening part 31 of the die 30. A load (wrinkle preventing load) is applied to the blank 20 via the blank holder 40 to suppress the occurrence of wrinkle. In such a manner, the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 is processed into a cylindrical shape by performing the drawing process, and a cylindrical container can be obtained.

(25) In the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, the die 30 to be used has six groove-formed areas 322 on the wrinkle preventing surface 32. The groove-formed areas 322 are provided at positions that correspond to six sides of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 to be drawn. Here, FIG. 5A is a schematic plan view illustrating a specific configuration of the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 which is used in the present embodiment, while FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view along line VB-VB in FIG. 5A. As illustrated in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, each groove-formed area 322 comprises a plurality of grooved parts (recessed parts) 322a that have a depth d and are formed along the circumferential direction of the wrinkle preventing surface 32. In the present embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5A, these groove-formed areas 322 are formed at positions that correspond to six sides of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 to be drawn. That is, in the present embodiment, the groove-formed areas 322 are formed at regular intervals with an angle of .sub.3=60.

(26) In the present embodiment, when the drawing process for the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 is performed using the die 30, the blank holder 40 and the punch 50 as illustrated in FIG. 4, the drawing process is performed in a state as illustrated in FIG. 6 in which the blank 20 (indicated by dashed lines in the figure) is disposed on the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 and the peripheral part of the blank 20 is clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40. More specifically, the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 is disposed on the wrinkle preventing surface 32 so that: the surface of the blank 20 on which the metal is exposed is directed to face the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30; positions of the six sides of the hexagonal shape of the blank 20 are located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322; and positions of the six corner parts of the hexagonal shape are located to correspond to smooth areas 321 on which no grooved part is formed, and in this state the drawing process is performed.

(27) According to the present embodiment, when the drawing process is performed to press the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 with the punch 50, the groove-formed areas 322 act to make slower a withdrawal speed V.sub.s of specific portions of the blank 20 than a withdrawal speed V.sub.c of the other portions. Here, when the blank 20 is withdrawn into the opening part 31, the withdrawal speed V.sub.s is defined as a speed of portions of the blank 20 which correspond to the sides of the blank 20, while the withdrawal speed V.sub.c is defined as a speed of portions which correspond to the corner parts in contact with the smooth areas 321. Thus, according to the present invention, the withdrawal speed V.sub.c into the opening part 31 of the portions of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 corresponding to its corner parts can be relatively high thereby to effectively suppress the occurrence of portions (earings) higher in container height than the other portions, which would be caused by the corner parts.

(28) In the present embodiment, the reasons for such an action occurring are not necessarily clear, but it appears that this is because the plurality of grooved parts (recessed parts) 322a formed in the groove-formed areas 322 act to bite into the exposed metal surface of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 within specific areas formed with the grooved parts (recessed parts) 322a and this bite causes the relatively slow withdrawal speed V.sub.s into the opening part 31 of the portions of the blank 20 corresponding to its sides.

(29) In contrast, when a hexagonally-shaped blank formed of a resin coated steel sheet having a resin layer is used as with the above-described Patent Document 2 (WO 99/48631), such a bite appears not to occur because the metal surface is not exposed. In this case, therefore, the groove-formed areas 322 can be considered to act as friction-reducing parts compared with the smooth areas 321.

(30) The formation angle .sub.1 of the groove-formed areas 322 may preferably be within a range of 15 to 45, and more preferably within a range of 20 to 40, so that the withdrawal speed V.sub.s into the opening part 31 of the portions of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 corresponding to its sides can be within an appropriate range in relation to the withdrawal speed V.sub.c into the opening part 31 of the portions corresponding to the corner parts. The formation angle .sub.1 of the six groove-formed areas 322 formed on the wrinkle preventing surface 32 may be all the same or may not be the same. However, from an aspect that the occurrence of portions (earings) higher in container height than the other portions can be more appropriately suppressed in a cylindrical container to be obtained, the formation angle .sub.1 of all the six groove-formed areas 322 is preferably the same. The formation angle .sub.2 of the smooth areas 321 may be set depending on the formation angle .sub.1 of the groove-formed areas 322.

(31) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the number of the grooved parts 322a that form each of the groove-formed areas 322 is three, but the number of the grooved parts 322a is not particularly limited, and may be set so that the withdrawal speed V.sub.s into the opening part 31 of the portions of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 corresponding to its sides can be within an appropriate range in relation to the withdrawal speed V.sub.c into the opening part 31 of the portions corresponding to the corner parts. The width w.sub.1 of the grooved parts 322a is not particularly limited, but may preferably be 1 to 5 mm. The width w.sub.2 between adjacent grooved parts 322a is also not particularly limited, but may preferably be 1 to 5 mm. The width w.sub.1 of the grooved parts 322a may be the same or may not be the same. The width w.sub.2 between adjacent grooved parts 322a may be the same or may not be the same. The depth d of the grooved parts 322a is not particularly limited, and may be a depth determined such that the grooved parts 322a can bite into the exposed metal surface of the blank 20, which may preferably be 0.1 to 1 mm.

(32) In the present embodiment, when the drawing process is performed for the hexagonally-shaped blank 20, the die 30 for drawing process and the blank holder 40 apply a certain clamping force to the blank 20. The clamping force may be appropriately set depending on the size and/or the material strength of the blank 20, and is not particularly limited.

(33) Embodiments of the present invention have heretofore been explained. These embodiments are described to facilitate understanding of the present invention and are not described to limit the present invention. It is therefore intended that the elements disclosed in the above embodiments include all design changes and equivalents to fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

(34) For example, the above-described embodiments exemplify a configuration in which the groove-formed areas 322 are provided on the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 for drawing process, but an alternative embodiment may employ a configuration in which the groove-formed areas 322 are provided on the surface of the blank holder 40 that is to be in contact with the hexagonally-shaped blank 20. In a further embodiment, both of the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 and the blank holder 40 may be configured to be provided with the groove-formed areas 322.

(35) Moreover, the above-described embodiments exemplify a configuration in which each of the groove-formed areas 322 comprises a plurality of grooved parts 322a, but a plurality of grooved parts 322a may not necessarily be required, and a single grooved part may be included in each of the groove-formed areas 322. In particular, even when each of the groove-formed areas 322 is configured to have only a single grooved part 322a in such a manner, the groove-formed areas 322 can each bite into the exposed metal surface of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 within an area formed with the single grooved part 322a, so that the withdrawal speed V.sub.s into the opening part 31 of the portions of the blank 20 corresponding to its sides can be relatively slow thereby to effectively suppress the occurrence of portions (earings) higher in container height than the other portions, which would be caused by the corner parts. If, however, each of the groove-formed areas 322 comprises a plurality of grooved parts 322a, the stress applied to the hexagonally-shaped blank 20 can be distributed. It is therefore preferred that the groove-formed areas 322 each comprise a plurality of grooved parts 322a depending on the material, shape and the like of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20.

(36) Furthermore, in the above-described embodiments, the grooved parts 322a have shapes along the circumferential direction, but the present invention is not limited to such shapes. Any shape can be employed for the grooved parts 322a if they are in a recessed shape or recessed shapes that can allow the grooved parts 322a to bite into the exposed metal surface of the hexagonally-shaped blank 20.

EXAMPLES

(37) The present invention will hereinafter be described specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1

(38) A nickel plated low-carbon steel sheet having a sheet thickness of 0.25 mm with no resin layer was first prepared as the metal sheet 10. Hexagonally-shaped blanks as illustrated in FIG. 2 were punched out of the prepared nickel plated low-carbon steel sheet. In the present example, hexagonally-shaped Blank Samples 1 to 4 were prepared to have a diagonal line length of 2r=57 mm and different radii of curvature R as below, each curvature having a shape rounded into a circular arc and formed at a corner part.

(39) Sample 1: 2r=57 mm, R=24.5 mm

(40) Sample 2: 2r=57 mm, R=22.0 mm

(41) Sample 3: 2r=57 mm, R=19.5 mm

(42) Sample 4: 2r=57 mm, R=17.0 mm

(43) The die 30 for drawing process, the blank holder 40 and the punch 50 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5 were used for the drawing process. The drawing process was performed using the obtained Blank Samples 1 to 4 in a state in which each blank sample was clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40 so that the sides of the hexagonal shape of the blank sample would be located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322 of the die 30 (i.e., in a state as illustrated in FIG. 6), and cylindrical containers having a container height of about 18 mm were thus manufactured. In the present example, a die having the structure below was used as the die 30 for drawing process.

(44) Outer diameter of wrinkle preventing surface 32: 57 mm

(45) Inner diameter of wrinkle preventing surface 32: 32 mm

(46) Angle .sub.1 of groove-formed areas 322 of wrinkle preventing surface 32: 30

(47) Angle .sub.2 of smooth areas 321 of wrinkle preventing surface 32: 30

(48) Angle .sub.3 between groove-formed areas 322: 60

(49) Number of grooved parts 322a in each groove-formed area 322: 4

(50) Width w.sub.1 of grooved parts 322a: 1.5 mm

(51) Width w.sub.2 between adjacent grooved parts 322a: 1.5 mm Depth d of grooved parts 322a: 0.3 mm

(52) A blank holder having the same outer diameter and inner diameter as those of the wrinkle preventing surface 32 of the die 30 was used as the blank holder 40, a punch having a punch diameter: 31.4 mm was used as the punch 50, and the clamping force applied by the die 30 and the blank holder 40 was set to 20 kN.

(53) With regard to 12 locations in the circumferential direction of each of the obtained cylindrical containers, the container height and the sidewall thickness at a height position of 13 mm from the container bottom were measured, and a height variation H (H=(maximum value of container height)(minimum value of container height)) and a thickness variation t (t=(maximum value of sidewall thickness)(minimum value of sidewall thickness)) were calculated. Results of the height variation H are illustrated in FIG. 7, and results of the thickness variation t are illustrated in FIG. 8.

(54) In addition, for comparison in this example, a different drawing process was performed for Blank Samples 1 to 4 using a die without the groove-formed areas 322 as the die 30 for drawing process, and a further different process was also performed for Blank Samples 1 to 4 in a state in which each blank sample was clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40 so that the corner parts of the hexagonal shape of the blank sample would be located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322 (i.e., in a state of the hexagonally-shaped blank rotated by 30 from the state as illustrated in FIG. 6). For both cases, measurement of a height variation H and a thickness variation t was performed. Those results are also illustrated in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8.

(55) As illustrated in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, it can be confirmed that all of Blank Samples 1 to 4 have a high improvement effect on the height variation H and the thickness variation t when the drawing process is performed in the state in which the blank sample is clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40 so that the sides of the hexagonal shape are located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322 of the die 30 (i.e., in a state as illustrated in FIG. 6). On the other hand, in the case in which the blank sample is clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40 so that the corner parts of the hexagonal shape are located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322 (i.e., in a state of the hexagonally-shaped blank rotated by 30 from the state as illustrated in FIG. 6), results are such that the height variation H and the thickness variation t are large in all of Blank Samples 1 to 4 compared with the case of using a die without the groove-formed areas 322 as the die 30 for drawing process.

Comparative Example 1

(56) The nickel plated low-carbon steel sheet of a sheet thickness of 0.25 mm used as the metal sheet 10 was substituted with a laminated steel sheet obtained by laminating a low-carbon steel sheet of a thickness of 0.22 mm with a polyester resin layer of 15 m. A hexagonally-shaped blank as illustrated in FIG. 2 was punched out of the laminated steel sheet. In the Comparative Example 1, hexagonally-shaped Blank Sample 5 was prepared to have a diagonal line length of 2r=57 mm and a radius of curvature of R=17.0 mm, the curvature having a shape rounded into a circular arc and formed at a corner part.

(57) The drawing process was performed using the prepared Blank Sample 5 in a similar manner to that in Example 1 except for changing the clamping force applied by the die 30 and the blank holder 40 to 15 kN, and a cylindrical container having a container height of about 18 mm was thus manufactured. Thereafter, measurement of the height variation H and the thickness variation t was performed as with Example 1. Results are illustrated in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10. FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 also illustrate results of Sample 4 having the same diagonal line length 2r and the same radius of curvature R. In Comparative Example 1, if the clamping force applied by the die 30 and the blank holder 40 was 20 kN, the resin layer would be damaged. For this reason, the clamping force of 15 kN was selected to prevent such damage of the resin layer.

(58) In addition, for comparison also in Comparative Example 1, a different drawing process was performed for Blank Sample 5 using a die without the groove-formed areas 322 as the die 30 for drawing process, and a further different process was also performed for Blank Sample 5 in a state in which Blank Sample 5 was clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40 so that the corner parts of the hexagonal shape of Blank Sample 5 would be located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322 (i.e., in a state of the hexagonally-shaped blank rotated by 30 from the state as illustrated in FIG. 6). For both cases, measurement of the height variation H and the thickness variation t was performed. Those results are also illustrated in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.

(59) As illustrated in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, when the laminated steel sheet laminated with polyester resin as the resin layer is used, the height variation H and the thickness variation t are improved to some extent in Sample 5 for which the drawing process is performed in the state in which Blank Sample 5 is clamped between the die 30 and the blank holder 40 so that the corner parts of the hexagonal shape of Blank Sample 5 are located to correspond to the groove-formed areas 322 (i.e., in a state of the hexagonally-shaped blank rotated by 30 from the state as illustrated in FIG. 6), but the degree of the improve is very low compared with Blank Sample 4 using a nickel plated steel sheet with no resin layer.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(60) 10 . . . Metal sheet 20 . . . Hexagonally-shaped blank 30 . . . Die for drawing process 32 . . . Wrinkle preventing surface 321 . . . Smooth area 322 . . . Groove-formed area 322a . . . Grooved part 40 . . . Blank holder 50 . . . Punch