SECURITY DOCUMENT WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AUTHENTICATION TILT IMAGES

Abstract

Disclosed is a security document including an image layer with in a first image area an identification image. The document has in a second image area an authentication image that is composed of a first authentication image that is a positive version of the first image and a second authentication image that is a negative version of the first image. The authentication images can be observed at different angles and form a tilt image. Mutual comparison of the positive and negative tilt images and comparison with the identification image provides improved detection of unauthorized alterations.

Claims

1. Security document (1) comprising an image layer (2) with in a first image area (3) an identification image (4) comprising picture elements with predetermined brightness values on a positive brightness scale, and in a second image area (5) an authentication image (6) corresponding with the first image (4), the authentication image (6) comprising at least two images (7,8) situated below lenses (10) such that at a first observation angle (1), a first authentication image (7) is visible and at a second observation angle (2), a second authentication image is visible (8), wherein the first authentication image (7) is a positive image corresponding with the first image (4) with picture elements having brightness values that correspond to the brightness values of the identification image and the second authentication (8) image is a negative image corresponding with the first image (4), with picture elements having brightness values that correspond to a reversed brightness scale that is obtained by making the brightest picture elements in the positive brightness scale appear darkest and making the darkest picture elements appear brightest, and wherein both the identification image (4) and the first authentication image (7) can be observed at a perpendicular viewing direction while the second authentication image (8) can be observed at a non-perpendicular viewing direction.

2. Security document (1) according to claim 1, wherein the lenses (10) are cylindrical lenses, the authentication images (7,8) being placed in an interlaced manner below the cylindrical lenses.

3. Security document (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first image (4) comprises a portrait, the authentication images (7,8) both comprising reference points that are placed in such positions in the image layer (2) that they are viewed in similar positions by a user observing the security document.

4. Security document (1) according to claim 1, wherein the authentication images (7,8) are observable under different viewing angles (1, 2) relative to a perpendicular viewing direction (17) that is perpendicular to the image area (5).

5. Security document (1) according to claim 4, in which the angles (1, 2) of the first and second image (7,8) relative to the perpendicular viewing direction (17) are between +10 and +20, and 10 and 20 respectively, the mutual difference between the angles (1, 2) being at least 1.

6. Method of providing a security document (1), comprising the steps of: providing an image layer (2) with an array of cylindrical lenses (10), providing an identification image (4) in an image processing unit (18), the identification image having image elements with predetermined brightness values Bp on a positive brightness scale, providing in the image processing unit (18) a positive authentication image (7) corresponding with the first image (4) with picture elements having brightness values that correspond to the brightness values of the identification image (4) and a negative authentication image (8) corresponding with the first image, with picture elements having brightness values Bn that correspond to a reversed brightness scale in which the brightest picture elements in the positive brightness scale appear darkest and the darkest picture elements appear brightest, and laser engraving the first and second authentication images (7,8) through the cylindrical lenses (10) in the image layer (2) at different angles (1, 2) such that both the identification image (4) and the first authentication image (7) can be observed at a perpendicular viewing direction while the second authentication image (8) can be observed at a non-perpendicular viewing direction.

7. Method according to claim 6, wherein in the image processor unit (18), the first and second authentication images (7,8) are transformed such that they are viewed in similar positions by a user observing the security document at different angles.

8. Method according to claim 6, wherein the first and second authentication image (7,8) are laser engraved in the image layer (2) from mutually different angles (1, 2) relative to a perpendicular viewing direction (17).

9. Method according to claim 8, wherein in the processing unit (18) a transformation is carried out on at least one of the authentication images (7,8) to correct the projected width dimensions such that the width directions are equal for the first and second authentication image (7,8).

10. Security document (1) according to claim 4, in which the angles (1, 2) of the first and second image (7,8) relative to the perpendicular viewing direction (17) are between +10 and +20, and 10 and 20 respectively, the mutual difference between the angles (1, 2) being at least 2.

11. Security document (1) according to claim 2, wherein the first image (4) comprises a portrait, the authentication images (7,8) both comprising reference points that are placed in such positions in the image layer (2) that they are viewed in similar positions by a user observing the security document.

12. Security document (1) according to claim 2, wherein the authentication images (7,8) are observable under different viewing angles (1, 2) relative to a perpendicular viewing direction (17) that is perpendicular to the image area (5).

13. Security document (1) according to claim 3, wherein the authentication images (7,8) are observable under different viewing angles (1, 2) relative to a perpendicular viewing direction (17) that is perpendicular to the image area (5).

14. Security document (1) according to claim 11, wherein the authentication images (7,8) are observable under different viewing angles (1, 2) relative to a perpendicular viewing direction (17) that is perpendicular to the image area (5).

15. Method according to claim 7, wherein the first and second authentication image (7,8) are laser engraved in the image layer (2) from mutually different angles (1, 2) relative to a perpendicular viewing direction (17).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Some embodiments of a security document according to the invention will by way of non-limiting example be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. In the drawings:

[0031] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an identity card with an authentication image according to the invention,

[0032] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of laser engraving interlaced pixel tracks below a lenticular array,

[0033] FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of laser engraving two images at different angles, and

[0034] FIGS. 4a and 4b schematically show for an image the brightness distributions of pixels for the positive version of the image and for the negative version.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] FIG. 1 shows a security document 1, such as an identity card, a bank or credit card, a passport or the like. The document 1 comprises an image layer 2, which may for instance be composed of polycarbonate material. The image layer 2 has in a first image area 3 a primary image or identification image which in this example is formed by a passport photograph 4 of the holder of the document. The passport photograph may be a two dimensional photograph or may be a stereoscopic image such as described in EP 0 219 012 and may be printed onto the image layer 2 or laser engraved therein.

[0036] In a second image area 5, a secondary image or authentication image 6 is provided. The authentication image is situated below lenses and is composed of at least two images: one positive image 7 corresponding to the passport photograph 4 and one negative image 8 of the passport photograph 4. Both images 7, 8 are interlaced and situated below a lenticular array, such that when viewing the images 7,8 at different angles from the perpendicular viewing direction, either the positive image 7 or negative image 8 is observed. Viewing the document 1 at different angles can be effected by tilting of the document around a vertical axis in the plane of the drawing.

[0037] When tilting the document from one viewing angle to the other, the image 7 will flip to show the image 8. As these images 7, 8 form the positive and negative views of the same portrait image 4, any difference of the image 8 or image 7 with the portrait image 4 as well as mutual differences between images 7 and 8 are immediately apparent. It is submitted that the fact that both images 7,8 are viewed in rapid succession causes them to be somewhat superimposed upon viewing. By ensuring that specific image locations such as eyes, corners of the mouth, chin, cheekbones etc. in images 7 and 8 are located in the same position, and remain in the same position upon tilting of the imagei.e. the images 7,8 are except from being positive and negative, further identicalthe mutual comparison upon tilting is improved.

[0038] FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the image layer 2 in the second image area 5. An array of lenticular lenses 10 overlies a substrate 11 which may be formed of a laser sensitized polycarbonate. A top layer 9 having the lenses 10 overlies the substrate 11 and may be laminated with the substrate to form an integrated structure. A laser is focussed by the lenses 10 and causes blackened pixel tracks along image lines 12, 13. The images 7,8 are interlaced such that pairs of image lines 12,13 are each time grouped below a single lens. The image lines 12,13 can be observed along different viewing directions 14, 15 relative to a perpendicular viewing direction 16. The height H of the substrate 11 may for instance be about 250 m, the thickness T of the image layer 9 may for instance be 50 m. The width L of a lens element may be for instance 75 m and a height D may be about 10 m.

[0039] FIG. 3 schematically shows two positions 16, 16 of a laser that engraves the image lines 12,13 at different angles 1, 2 relative to the perpendicular direction 17. The asymmetric position of the image lines 12,13 prevents the possibility that the two images 7,8 can both be observed at one viewing angle, one with each eye, which would cause a stereoscopic image composed of the positive and negative images 7,8. This would prevent an accurate comparison. It is preferred that the angle 2 of the positive image 8 corresponds to the perpendicular viewing direction, such that upon regular viewing of the portrait image 4, only the positive image 8 is visible.

[0040] It is schematically shown in FIG. 3 that image 7 written at the smaller angle 1 is compressed in the width direction compared to the image 8 by a length . In an image processor 18, which may be a stand-alone processor or which may be connected to a control unit of the laser 16, 16, this length difference between the images 7 and 8 is compensated prior to laser engraving of the image 8 into the image layer 11.

[0041] FIGS. 4a schematically indicates the histogram of the brightness values Bp of the pixels of the positive image 7. FIG. 4b shows the histogram of the brightness values Bn of the negative image 8 that can be calculated in the image processor 18 by reversing the positive brightness scale Bp.