Impact crusher

Abstract

An impact crusher for mineral material includes a crusher housing, a reversible rotor arranged in an impact-grinding space of an impact mechanism for propelling mineral material against wear members in the crusher housing; and an adjustment installation setting a spacing of the impact mechanism from the rotor. An upper impact space adjoins the impact-grinding space at the top and has an entry opening for the mineral material. The upper impact space has an upper height region that neighbors the entry opening, a central height region that adjoins the upper height region, and a lower height region that is contiguous to the lower impact-grinding space, with the central height region being a region having a largest internal width and at a widest location thereof, which is above a crushing circle of the rotor, has a maximum width which is larger than a diameter of the crushing circle of the rotor.

Claims

1. An impact crusher for mineral material, comprising: a crusher housing, said crusher housing having an upper-side entry opening for the mineral material to be comminuted; a reversible rotor defining a horizontal rotation axis and configured for propelling mineral material against wear members in the crusher housing; a drive for driving the rotor; an impact mechanism delimiting an impact-grinding space for accommodating the rotor, said impact mechanism being adjustable relative to the crusher housing and relative to the rotor, an adjustment installation configured to set a spacing of the impact mechanism from the rotor; and an upper impact space adjoining a top of the impact-grinding space, said upper impact space having an upper height region that is below the upper-side entry opening of the crusher housing, a central height region that adjoins the upper height region, and a lower height region that is contiguous to a lower impact-grinding space, with each of the upper, central and lower height regions being defined by a horizontally measured internal width, wherein the central height region is a region having a largest internal width and at a widest location thereof, which is above a crushing circle of the rotor, has a maximum width which is larger than a diameter of the crushing circle of the rotor, wherein the adjustment installation includes an upper impact arm adjustment with bearing points linearly displaceable in a horizontal direction guided in gate guides for adapting a width of the upper impact space and a width of the upper-side entry opening of the crusher housing to a maximum charge size of the mineral material to be comminuted, and a lower impact arm adjustment for adjusting a spacing of the wear members in the lower impact-grinding space to a crushing circle of the rotor, and wherein the impact mechanism includes impact arms which extend into the upper impact space such that a width of the impact-grinding space is adjustable conjointly with the width of the upper impact space.

2. The impact crusher of claim 1, wherein the central height region of the upper impact space on both sides of a central vertical plane of the impact crusher is configured so as to be concave, and wherein the width of the upper impact space decreases toward the lower height region.

3. The impact crusher of claim 1, wherein the maximum width in the central height region is larger than a width of the lower impact-grinding space, measured at a height level of the rotation axis of the rotor.

4. The impact crusher of claim 1, wherein the lower height region of the upper impact space has a lower end configured as a crushing edge with a contour of the impact mechanism.

5. The impact crusher of claim 1, wherein the impact mechanism includes a left impact arm having wear members and a right impact arm having wear members, said left and right impact arms being configured so as to be mirror-symmetrical in relation to a central vertical plane of the impact crusher, wherein an internal contour of the left and right impact arms in the upper impact space and the impact-grinding space corresponds to a contour of letter B in terms of two successive concave arcs.

6. The impact crusher of claim 1, wherein the crusher housing has an internal impact space with an exit opening, and further comprising a separation wall disposed below the rotor and dividing the exit opening into two separate ducts.

7. The impact crusher of claim 6, further comprising: an infeed installation to the upper-side entry opening of the crusher housing for the mineral material to be comminuted; an outfeed installation for outfeeding comminuted mineral material from the exit opening to a drop-off end; and a frame on which the crusher housing, the infeed installation, the outfeed installation, and the drive are disposed.

8. The impact crusher of claim 7, further comprising a running gear disposed on the frame for mobility.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) The invention will be explained in more detail hereunder by means of an exemplary embodiment that is illustrated in the drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an impact crusher in a view from above;

(3) FIG. 2 shows the impact crusher of FIG. 1 in the lateral view (arrow B);

(4) FIG. 3 shows a section along the line A-A through the impact crusher of FIG. 1 in a first operating position;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a section along the line A-A through the impact crusher of FIG. 1 in a second operating position; and

(6) FIG. 5 shows a mobile impact crusher in a partially sectional manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(7) FIGS. 1 and 2 show two views of an impact crusher 1, once from above and once from the side. The impact crusher 1 possesses a crusher housing 2 which in the lateral view is substantially octagonal. The crusher housing 2 encloses a rotor (FIG. 3) having a horizontal rotation axis 4. The crusher housing 2 possesses an upper-side entry opening 5 for charging mineral material to be comminuted, said mineral material exiting an internal impact space of the crusher housing 2 by way of an exit opening 6 at the lower end of the crusher housing 2 (FIG. 3). A front side and a rear side of the crusher housing 2 can be opened for maintenance purposes. Bi-folding doors 7, 8 on a front side and a rear side of the crusher housing 2 by way of suspensions 9, 10 are mounted so as to be pivotabie on the crusher housing 2 such that access from both sides to the interior of the crusher housing 2 is possible for assembly works.

(8) The rotor 3 possesses a rotor shaft 11 which is mounted in bearings 12, 13 outside the crusher housing 2. A drive pulley 14 for a belt drive, hi particular a V-belt drive, is situated so as to be adjacent to the upper bearing 12 in the image plane in FIG. 1. The drive pulley 14 possesses in particular a plurality of grooves so that a sufficient drive output can be transmitted to the rotor 3.

(9) FIG. 3 in the sectional illustration along the line A-A of FIG. 1 shows the internal construction of the impact crusher 1 in a first operating position. The crusher housing 2 encloses the rotor 3 and delimits an impact space. The impact space is divided into an upper impact space 15 which is substantially, that is to say largely, above the rotor 3, and a lower impact-grinding space 16 in which the rotor 3 is situated. The direct region influenced by the rotor 3 is the crushing circle 17.

(10) The upper impact space 15 is divided into three regions. An upper height region H1 is situated so as to be adjacent to the entry opening 5. A central height region H2 and finally a lower height region H3 adjoin said upper height region H1 toward the bottom in the direction of the rotor 3. The lower impact-grinding space 16 commences below a crushing edge 18. It can be seen on the right in the image plane of FIG. 3 that the crushing edge 18 is disposed so as to be very close to the crushing circle 17. The set spacing from the crushing circle 17 becomes even smaller in the direction toward the exit end and tapers off in a wedge-shaped manner. The crushing gap is situated on the right because the rotor in this operating position rotates in the clockwise direction. The crushing gap is very small because comparatively small material is to be crushed. The impact crusher in this position can be used for producing sand of high quality. The gap is a very large on the opposite side. No material is crushed here. The impact arm there is situated in the parking position.

(11) The crushing edge 18 is situated on a wear member 19. For reasons of clarity, not all wear members 19 of the impact space are individually identified. In principle, the upper impact space 15 as well as the lower impact-grinding space 16 are cladded with wear members 19. The internal sides of the doors 7, 8 are also cladded with wear members 19; this can be seen by the cuboid plates having in each case two fastening points. The wear members 19 can have dissimilar contours but in principle are fastened so as to be replaceable on the doors, or in the peripheral region of the upper impact space 15 and of the lower impact-grinding space 16, respectively.

(12) The rotor 3 in the case of this exemplary embodiment is equipped with four impact strips 20 which are disposed so as to be distributed uniformly across the circumference and which define the crushing circle 17.

(13) An impact mechanism 21 which comprises two impact flanks 22, 23 that are configured so as to be mirror-symmetrical is situated within the crusher housing 2. The impact flanks 22, 23 are repositionable relative to the crusher housing 2. An adjustment installation 24 which per impact arm 22, 23 comprises one upper impact arm adjustment 25 for adapting the width B1 of the upper impact space 15 and of the entry opening 5 to a maximum charge size of the material to be comminuted, and one lower impact arm adjustment 26 for adapting the spacing (crushing gap) to the crushing circle 17 of the rotor 3 serves to this end. A linear displacement of the bearing points 27, 28 in the direction of the arrows P1, P2 that is to say in the horizontal direction, is is possible in the region of the upper impact arm adjustment 25. The bearing points 27, 28 are in each case guided in one gate guide 29. A pivoting movement about the bearing points 27, 28 can be performed when an adjustment is required at the upper and/or the lower end. On account thereof, the width B2 of the entry opening 5 can be set independently of the gap width in the lower impact-grinding space 16. The shape of the impact arms 22, 23 is designed in such a manner that a very large upper, wide impact space 15 is created in the region between the entry opening 5 on the rotor 3. On account thereof, an ideally free movement of the fraction be comminuted upon initial contact with the impact strip 20 on the rotor 3, or on the way back from the impact arms 22, 23 to the rotor 3 is enabled.

(14) The contour of the upper impact space 15 and lower impact-grinding space 16 delimited by the impact arms 22, 23 can be a sequence of radii. The exact contour is determined by the impact faces of the wear members 19. The disposal of the wear members 19 leads to a polygonal, serrated shape.

(15) The maximum width B1 of the central height region H2 of the upper impact space 15 is not only generally the maximum extent between the two impact arms 22, 23; the width B1 is moreover larger than the diameter D1 of the crushing circle 17. Consequently, there is a dimension identified by X which identifies the horizontal spacing between the outermost horizontal point of the crushing circle 17 and the outermost point of the contour of the impact arm 23 at the width B1. This dimension X is positive, independently of the position of the impact on 23. This means that the maximum width B1 in the central height region H2 is always larger than the diameter D1 of the crushing circle 17. For reasons of clarity, the dimension X is plotted on the opened impact arm 23. The dimension X is likewise positive on the opposite side on the other impact arm 21 having the crushing gap thereon.

(16) The upper impact space 15 is configured so as to be concave on both sides. The material to be comminuted is propelled into the concave bulges. From there, the material bounces back and by way of the crushing edge 18 later falls into the crushing gap of the lower impact-grinding space 16.

(17) The concave bulges are designed so as to be so large that there is a sufficient distance for propelling even comparatively large material effectively against the wear members 19 of the upper impact space 15 without following material being impeded and without impact energy being mitigated in an undesirable manner. This can significantly be traced back to the maximum width B1 being situated above the crushing circle 17 and even at a spacing from the crushing circle 17 of the rotor 3, in particular in the center +/−15% of the vertical spacing between the crushing edge 18 and the lower edge of the entry opening 5.

(18) FIG. 3 shows a first operating state, wherein the disposal of the impact arms 22, 23 is not mirror-symmetrical since the left impact arm 23 in the image plane is repositioned farther toward the left, thus is opened wider, than the right impact arm 22 in the image plane, which is moved very close to the crushing circle 17. Accordingly, the spacing from the crushing circle 17 on the right in the image plane is substantially smaller than on the left in the image plane. The crushing gap in FIG. 3 for producing comparatively small fractions is already set so as to be very small in the region of the crushing edge 18. The crushing gap in FIG. 4 is set very large, wherein said crushing gap tapers off downward toward the exit end. On account of the positions of the impact arms 22, 23, the entry opening 5 once is set to the minimum (FIG. 3) and once is set to the maximum (FIG. 4).

(19) In the reversed operation the respective impact arms 22, 23 are set in an exactly reversed manner. During the operation, one impact arm 22, 23 is always situated in a parking position (open position) and one impact arm 22, 23 is situated in an operating position for setting the crushing gap. In terms of the width of the entry opening it is irrelevant in which direction the impact crusher 1 is operated. The reverse setting of the impact arms 22, 23 changes the position of the crushing gap but not the width of the entry opening 5.

(20) The lower impact-grinding space 16 is designed so as to be concave by virtue of the contour of the lower impact-grinding space 16 being adapted to the shape of the crushing circle 17. Conjointly with the upper impact space 15, two successive concave regions result so that the right contour of the impact arm 22 in the image plane is substantially B-shaped. Mirrored on the central vertical plane MHE, the mirror-symmetrically configured other impact arm 23 is accordingly likewise provided with a contour which suggests an mirrored letter B. The lower concave region is the lower impact-grinding space 16. The upper concave region is the upper impact space 15. The crushing edge 18 between these two concave regions is the transition between said two spaces.

(21) FIG. 3 shows very clearly that the entry opening 5 is in principle disposed so as to be vertically above the rotor 3 and thus also vertically above the exit opening 6. In practical use, the entry opening is centrical, that is to say symmetrical, in relation to the central vertical plane. B3 identifies the spacing of an impact member 30 on the entry opening 5 from the central vertical plane MHE.

(22) FIG. 4 shows a further potential position of the impact arms 22, 23 and therefore another operating position. The entry opening 5 is open to the maximum width. Coarser material can be received than in FIG. 3. By contrast to FIG. 3, the parking position of the left impact arm 23 has been adapted. The upper end of said left impact arm 23 at the entry opening 5 has been displaced to the maximum toward the left, just as the upper end of the right impact arm 22 has also been displaced to the maximum toward the right, thus has been opened. The entry opening 5 is therefore symmetrical in relation to the central vertical plane MHE.

(23) The entry opening 5 is also symmetrical in relation to the central vertical plane MHE in FIG. 3. Material to be comminuted is always fed to the rotor 3 from vertically above. This means that the upper ends of the impact arms 22, 23 are set so as to be symmetrical, while the lower ends of the impact arms 22, 23 are set so as to be non-symmetrical because one of the impact arms 22, 23 is always situated in a parking position and the respective other impact arm 22, 23 is situated in an operating position. It is to be noted that the setting of the width and of the shape of the crushing gap is adjusted conjointly with the width B2 of the entry opening 5, specifically by a linear displacement in the region of the entry opening 5. When the wear members 19 in the impact-grinding space 16 wear out, the impact arms 22, 23 can still be readjusted somewhat, that is to say repositioned farther inward. The wear members 19 from the impact-grinding space 16 can be swapped with those in the upper impact space 15.

(24) A separation wall 37 which divides the region between the exit opening 6 and the rotor 3 into two ducts 38, 39 which, depending on the rotation direction of the rotor 3, serve as an exit is disposed below the rotor 3 on the exit side. A wear protection element 40 on an end side 3 of the separation wall 37 that faces the rotor 3 protects the separation wall 37 against wear. The crushed material is decelerated. Said crush material jumps out to a lesser extent and does not jump upward in the direction toward the other impact arm which is situated in the parking position. A downstream conveyor belt is treated gently.

(25) FIG. 5 shows the impact crusher 1 in a mobile embodiment. The impact crusher 1 is provided with an infeed installation 31 by way of which the mineral material to be crushed is charged from above and by way of the entry opening 5 makes its way into the interior of the impact crusher 1. After crushing, the comminuted mineral material is delivered onto an outfeed installation 32 by way of which the material is fed to a drop-off end 33. The outfeed installation 32 is in particular a belt conveyor.

(26) The impact crusher 1 together with the infeed installation 31 and the outfeed installation 33, conjointly with a drive 35 are situated on a frame 34. The frame 34 is moreover provided with a running gear 36 in the form of a tracked running gear. On account thereof, the impact crusher 1 according to the invention can negotiate the worksite and be moved to the correct position.