Thin reinforced product and tire comprising said product

Abstract

A reinforced product (21) comprises: an elastomer matrix (23), several reinforcing elements (44) embedded in the elastomer matrix (23), the reinforcing elements (44) being arranged side by side in a main direction (X1), Each reinforcing element (44) comprises: several filamentary elements (46), and at least one communal sheath collectively coating the filamentary elements (46) and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition. The ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the back of the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product (21) is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product (21) being measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction (X1).

Claims

1. A tire comprising: a crown surmounted by a tread, two sidewalls, two beads, each sidewall connecting each bead to the crown, a carcass reinforcement anchored in each of the beads and extending through the sidewalls as far as the crown, and a crown reinforcement interposed radially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread, wherein the tire is a passenger vehicle tire, and wherein the crown reinforcement is a reinforced product comprising: an elastomer matrix, several reinforcing elements embedded in the elastomer matrix, the reinforcing elements being arranged side by side in a main direction, each reinforcing element comprising: several filamentary elements, and at least one communal sheath collectively coating the filamentary elements and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition, wherein a mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.95 mm; wherein a pitch P at which the reinforcing elements are laid in the main direction is less than or equal to 2.5 mm; wherein the ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product being measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction; wherein the ratio R2=B/E of the mean minimum thickness B of elastomer separating two successive reinforcing elements in the main direction to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.3; wherein each filamentary element has a mean bulk D in the direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction, and wherein the ratio R3=D/E of the mean bulk D to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.6.

2. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.15.

3. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.10.

4. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.07.

5. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.17 mm.

6. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.11 mm.

7. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the mean thickness E is less than or equal to 0.75 mm.

8. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the mean minimum thickness B of elastomer separating two successive reinforcing elements in the main direction is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

9. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the mean minimum thickness B of elastomer separating two successive reinforcing elements in the main direction is less than or equal to 0.20 mm.

10. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the pitch P at which the reinforcing elements are laid in the main direction is less than or equal to 2.1 mm.

11. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the pitch P at which the reinforcing elements are laid in the main direction is less than or equal to 1.9 mm.

12. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the mean thickness G of the sheath on each filamentary element in the direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction ranges from 35 m to 200 m.

13. The tire according to claim 1, wherein each filamentary element comprises at least one multifilament strand comprising several elementary monofilaments.

14. The tire according to claim 13, wherein each elementary monofilament is metallic.

15. The tire according to claim 14, wherein each elementary monofilament has a diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm.

16. The tire according to claim 13, wherein each elementary monofilament has a diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm.

17. The tire according to claim 1, wherein each filamentary element has a mean bulk D in the direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction, and wherein the ratio R3=D/E of the mean bulk D to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.55.

18. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a thermoplastic polymer, a functionalized diene elastomer, a poly(p-phenylene ether) or a mixture of these materials.

19. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the sheath is coated with a layer of an adhesive providing adhesion between the sheath and the elastomer matrix.

20. The tire according to claim 1, wherein the crown reinforcement comprises a working reinforcement comprising the reinforced product and a hoop reinforcement which is interposed radially between the working reinforcement and the tread.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be better understood from reading the description which will follow, given solely by way of non-limiting example and made with reference to the drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a view in cross section of a tyre according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a view in cross section of a reinforced product according to the invention, forming a working ply of the tyre of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a view in cross section of a reinforcing element of the reinforced product of FIG. 2; and

(5) FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 of a reinforced product of the prior art.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) In the following description when using the term radial it is appropriate to make a distinction between the various different uses made of this word by those skilled in the art. Firstly, the expression refers to a radius of the tyre. It is in this sense that a point P1 is said to be radially inside a point P2 (or radially on the inside of the point P2) if it is closer to the axis of rotation of the tyre than is the point P2. Conversely, a point P3 is said to be radially outside a point P4 (or radially on the outside of the point P4) if it is further away from the axis of rotation of the tyre than is the point P4. Progress will be said to be radially inwards (or outwards) when it is in the direction of smaller (or larger) radii. It is this sense of the term that applies also when matters of radial distances are being discussed.

(7) By contrast, a reinforcing element or reinforcement is said to be radial when the reinforcing element or the reinforcing elements of the reinforcement make an angle greater than or equal to 65 and less than or equal to 90 with the circumferential direction.

(8) An axial direction is a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tyre. A point P5 is said to be axially inside a point P6 (or axially on the inside of the point P6) if it is closer to the midplane M of the tyre than is the point P6. Conversely, a point P7 is said to be axially outside a point P8 (or axially on the outside of the point P8) if it is further from the midplane M of the tyre than is the point P8.

(9) The midplane M of the tyre is the plane that is normal to the axis of rotation of the tyre and situated equal distances from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead.

(10) A circumferential direction is a direction which is perpendicular both to a radius of the tyre and to the axial direction.

(11) Furthermore, any range of values denoted by the expression from a to b means the range of values extending from the end point a up to the end point b, namely including the strict end points a and b.

(12) Example of a Tyre and of a Reinforced Product According to the Invention

(13) The figures indicate a frame of reference X, Y, Z corresponding to the usual respective axial (X), radial (Y) and circumferential (Z) directions of a tyre.

(14) FIG. 1 depicts a tyre according to the invention and denoted by the general reference 10. The tyre 10 more or less exhibits symmetry of revolution about an axis substantially parallel to the axial direction X. The tyre 10 here is intended for a passenger vehicle.

(15) The tyre 10 comprises a crown 12 comprising a crown reinforcement 14 comprising a working reinforcement 15 comprising two working plies 16, 18 of reinforcing elements and a hoop reinforcement 17 comprising a hooping ply 19. The crown reinforcement 14 is surmounted by a tread 20. In this instance, the hoop reinforcement 17, in this instance the hooping ply 19, is interposed radially between the working reinforcement 15 and the tread 20.

(16) Two sidewalls 22 extend the crown 12 radially inwards. The tyre 10 further comprises two beads 24 radially on the inside of the sidewalls 22 and each one comprising an annular reinforcing structure 26, in this instance a bead wire 28, surmounted by a mass of filling rubber 30, and a radial carcass reinforcement 32. The crown reinforcement 14 is interposed radially between the carcass reinforcement 32 and the tread 20. Each sidewall 22 connects each bead 24 to the crown 14.

(17) The carcass reinforcement 32 preferably comprises a single carcass ply 34 of radial textile reinforcing elements. The carcass reinforcement 32 is anchored to each of the beads 24 by being folded around the bead wire 28 to form, in each bead 24, a main strand 38 extending from the beads 24 through the sidewalls 22 into the crown 12, and a turnup 40, the radially outer end 42 of the turnup 40 being radially on the outside of the annular reinforcing structure 26. The carcass reinforcement 32 thus extends from the beads 24 through the sidewalls 22 into the crown 12. In this embodiment, the carcass reinforcement 32 also extends axially through the crown 12.

(18) The tyre 10 comprises at least one circumferential groove 31 formed in the tread 20. The mean thickness C of mass of rubber of the tread 20 separating a radially internal bottom 33 of the circumferential groove 31 from the radially external edge 35 of the crown reinforcement 14, in this instance the radially external surface of the hooping ply 19, is preferably less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and more preferably still less than or equal to 1 mm.

(19) Each working ply 16, 18 forms a reinforced product 21 according to the invention comprising reinforcing elements 44 making an angle ranging from 15 and 40, preferably ranging from 20 to 30 and here equal to 26 with the circumferential direction Z of the tyre 10. The reinforcing elements 44 are crossed from one working ply with respect to the other.

(20) The hooping ply 19 comprises textile hoop reinforcing elements making an angle at most equal to 10, preferably ranging from 5 to 10, with the circumferential direction Z of the tyre 10. In this particular instance, the textile hoop reinforcing elements are folded yarns made from a heat-shrink material, in this case polyamide 166, each folded yarn consisting of two 140-tex spun yarns which have been twisted together (on a direct cabling machine) at 250 turns/meter, the diameter of which is equal to approximately 0.66 mm. The thermal contraction CT of each textile hoop reinforcing element is equal to approximately 7%.

(21) Each working ply 16, 18, hooping ply 19 and carcass ply 34 comprises an elastomer matrix 23 in which the reinforcing elements of the corresponding ply are embedded. The rubber compositions of the elastomer matrices 23 of the working plies 16, 18, hooping ply 19 and carcass ply 34 are conventional compositions for the calendering of reinforcing elements comprising in the conventional way a diene elastomer, for example natural rubber, a reinforcing filler, for example carbon black and/or silica, a cross-linking system, for example a vulcanizing system, preferably containing sulphur, stearic acid and zinc oxide, and possibly a vulcanization accelerant and/or retarder and/or various additives.

(22) FIGS. 2 and 3 depict the reinforced product 21 and the reinforcing elements 44 in a frame of reference X1, Y1, Z1 in which the direction Y1 is substantially parallel to the radial direction Y and the directions X1 and Z1 make an angle ranging from 15 and 40, preferably ranging from 20 to 30 and here equal to 26, with the axial X and circumferential Z directions respectively. In these FIGS. 2 and 3, the reinforcing elements 44 of the reinforced product 21 are arranged side by side in the main direction X1. The reinforcing elements 44 run parallel to one another. Each reinforcing element 44 comprises several filamentary elements 46 extending in the direction Z1 making, when in the tyre 10, an angle of 26 with the circumferential direction Z of the tyre 10. Each reinforcing element 44 also comprises at least one communal sheath 48 collectively coating the filamentary elements 46, in groups of several filamentary elements, in this instance between 2 and 5, and in this instance in groups of 3 filamentary elements, and comprising at least one layer 50 of a thermoplastic polymer composition.

(23) Each filamentary element 46 comprises at least one multifilament strand 52, in this instance a single multifilament strand 52, comprising several, in this instance at least three, elementary monofilaments 54. Each elementary monofilament 54 is metallic, in this instance made of steel coated with a protective coating containing for example brass or zinc. Each elementary monofilament 54 has a diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm, preferably from 0.12 mm to 0.26 mm, and more preferably from 0.14 mm to 0.20 mm and in this instance equal to 0.18 mm.

(24) Each filamentary element 46 has a mean bulk D in the direction Y1 substantially perpendicular to the main direction X1, in this instance in the direction of the thickness of the reinforced product 21. The bulk D is here equal to the diameter of the circle circumscribing the filamentary element 46. In this instance, D=0.38 mm.

(25) The sheath 48 has a mean thickness G on the back of each filamentary element 46 in the direction Y1 perpendicular to the main direction X1 ranging from 1 m to 2 mm, preferably from 10 m and 1 mm and more preferably from 35 m to 200 m. Here, G=75 m.

(26) The sheath 48 comprises a single layer 50 of the thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a thermoplastic polymer, a functionalized diene elastomer, a poly(p-phenylene ether) or a mixture of these materials. In this instance, the thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a thermoplastic polymer, for example polyamide 66. Optionally, the thermoplastic polymer composition may comprise a functionalized diene elastomer, for example a thermoplastic styrene comprising an epoxide, carbonyl, anhydride or ester function and/or a poly-p-phenylene ether.

(27) The sheath 48 is coated with a layer of an adhesive (not depicted) providing adhesion between the sheath 48 and the elastomer matrix 23.

(28) The mean thickness E of the reinforced product, in this instance of each working ply 16, 18, is less than or equal to 0.95 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.85 mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.75 mm and in this instance E=0.7 mm.

(29) The mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the back of the sheath is less than or equal to 0.17 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.14 mm, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.11 mm, and in this instance ODO=0.09 mm.

(30) The mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product are measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction X1, in this instance in the direction Y1 parallel to the thickness of the reinforced product 21 which, once in the tyre, is the radial direction Y of the tyre 10.

(31) The ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the back of the sheath 48 to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product 21 is less than or equal to 0.17. In this instance, R1 is less than or equal to 0.15, preferably less than or equal to 0.14, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.13. In this instance, R1=0.13.

(32) The pitch P at which the reinforcing elements 44 are laid in the main direction X1 is less than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2.1 mm and, more preferably, less than or equal to 1.9 mm. In this instance, P=1.75 mm.

(33) The reinforced product 21 comprises elastomer bridges 56 separating two successive reinforcing elements 44. The mean minimum thickness B of each elastomer bridge 56 in the main direction X1 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.35 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 0.20 mm and, in this instance, B=0.17 mm.

(34) The ratio R2=B/E of the mean minimum thickness B of elastomer separating two successive reinforcing elements to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product 21 is less than or equal to 1, preferably less than or equal to 0.6, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5, and more preferably still less than or equal to 0.3 and in this instance R2=0.24.

(35) The ratio R3=D/E of the mean bulk D to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product 21 is less than or equal to 0.6, preferably less than or equal to 0.57, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.55. In this instance R3=0.54.

(36) Comparative Tests

(37) The reinforced product 21 and the tyre 10 according to the invention all as described hereinabove were compared against a reinforced product T and a control tyre PT of the prior art. The reinforced product T is depicted in FIG. 4. Each filamentary element of the reinforced product T comprises a multifilament strand of two 0.30 mm elementary monofilaments twisted together. The characteristics of the reinforced products and the tyres are collated in Table 1 below.

(38) All the data indicated hereinabove (E, ODO, B, G, D and P) are mean values measured experimentally by an operator on photographs of radial cross sections of reinforced products or of tyres performed as indicated earlier over 5 cm on each side of the midplane of the reinforced product or of the tyre.

(39) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 E ODO B G D P (mm) (mm) (mm) (m) (mm) (mm) R1 R2 R3 T 0.94 0.17 0.60 0 0.60 1.2 0.18 0.64 0.64 21 0.7 0.09 0.17 75 0.38 1.75 0.13 0.24 0.54

(40) The reinforced products T and 21 and the tyres PT and 10 were subjected to various tests described hereinbelow and the results of which are collated in Table 2. Unless stated otherwise, the results are given to base 100 with respect to the control product T and control tyre PT. Thus, the greater the extent to which the value exceeds 100, the better the performance of the reinforced product or of the tyre according to the invention by comparison with the reinforced product or with the control tyre.

(41) The breaking strength of the reinforced product is measured by determining the force at break under tensile testing of each filamentary element in accordance with ISO 6892, 1984 and then multiplying this by the linear density of the filamentary elements in the main direction of the reinforced product

(42) The high-speed endurance is measured by subjecting each tyre, on a machine, to a progressive increase in speed, in determined levels, up to a preset limit speed or until, where applicable, the tested tyres are destroyed before the end of the test.

(43) The breaking energy is measured in accordance with standard ASTM WK20631.

(44) To measure the cornering stiffness, each tyre is run at a constant speed of 80 km/h on an appropriate automatic machine (machine of the flat track rolling road type marketed by the company MTS), by varying the load denoted Z, under a drift angle of 1 degree, and the drift thrust was measured continuously to identify the drift thrust or cornering stiffness denoted D (corrected for the drift thrust at zero drift angle), by using sensors to record the transverse load on the wheel as a function of this load Z; this then gives the drift thrust or cornering stiffness. For a chosen load, here of 450 daN, this then yields the value reported in Table 2 below.

(45) For the hard cornering (high drift) endurance test, the tyre being tested is run at a speed of 20 km.Math.h.sup.1 on a smooth dynamometer with an imposed drift angle of substantially 5 degrees. The drift thrust exerted by the tyre is continuously logged until a certain distance travelled is reached. During this observation, the drift thrust exerted by the tyre decreases as a result of degradation of the crown reinforcement of the tyre and notably of the working plies. When the predetermined distance has been covered, the drift thrust exerted by the tyre is recorded. The tyre tested is then stripped down to examine the working plies and the number of breaks in the working reinforcement is counted.

(46) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Performance of the reinforced product T 21 Weight of elastomer in the reinforced product 100 150 (base 100) Total weight of the reinforced product (base 100 105 100) Breaking strength of the reinforced product 100 100 (base 100) Performance of the tyre PT 10 High-speed endurance (base 100) 100 100 Breaking energy (base 100) 100 108 Drift thrust Dz (base 100) 100 109 Hard endurance - Drift thrust measured on 100 100 covering the predetermined distance (base 100) Hard endurance - number of breaks in the 20 1 filamentary element

(47) Thus it is found that, for all other things being equal, in addition to having a reduced mass, the reinforced product and the tyre according to the invention offer aspects of performance equivalent, or even superior, to those of the reinforced product and of the control tyre. In particular, it is found that the tyre according to the invention has a breaking energy and a drift thrust far higher than those of the control tyre PT.

(48) Furthermore, it is noted that the tyre 10 according to the invention, on the hard cornering/high drift endurance test, displays performance that is equivalent, or even superior, to that measured on the control tyre PT. Indeed the drift thrust measured at the end of the test on the tyre 10 according to the invention is equivalent to that measured on the control tyre PT. After the tested tyres had been stripped down it was found that there was just one cord broken in the tyre 10 according to the invention, as compared with 20 cords broken in the control tyre PT, which means that the tyre 10 according to the invention is a more robust tyre than the control tyre PT.

(49) The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described hereinabove.

(50) Specifically, a tyre according to the invention in which the crown reinforcement also comprises a protective reinforcement interposed radially between the hoop reinforcement and the working reinforcement is also conceivable.

(51) Also conceivable is a tyre according to the invention in which the crown reinforcement has no hoop reinforcement but a protective reinforcement and a working reinforcement, the protective reinforcement being interposed radially between the tread and the working reinforcement.

(52) The features of the various embodiments described or contemplated hereinabove may also be combined provided that they are mutually compatible.