Method for Reducing Zearalenone Content in Straw Using Steam Explosion Technology and Use Thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology and use thereof, creatively utilizes the huge energy released during steam explosion, and destroys the chemical structure of zearalenone without introducing other harmful chemicals, wherein the steam explosion technology can be used as a completely new technology for reducing zearalenone content in straw.

Claims

1. Use of steam explosion technology for reducing zearalenone content in straw.

2. A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology, wherein straw is processed using a steam explosion method with 1-2.2 MPa of steam pressure of steam explosion, 30-200 s of pressure maintaining time, and 10-50% water content of straw.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion is 2.2 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 144 s, and the water content of straw is 10%.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion is 1.48 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 30 s, and the water content of straw is 50%.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion is 1.88 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 105.91 s, and the water content of straw is 50%.

6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, before steam explosion, a pre-processing step: drying moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, and sealing for use.

7. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, after steam explosion, a step of detecting a degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC.

8. The method according to claim 2, further comprising, after steam explosion, a step of detecting a theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG. 1 is a response surface analysis diagram of a degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded straw at water contents of different levels and under different steam pressure conditions; wherein degradation rate of ZEN (%) represents the degradation rate of zearalenone, water (%) represents the water content, and pressure (mPa) represents the steam pressure (mPa);

[0024] FIG. 2 is a response surface analysis diagram of a degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded straw in pressure maintaining time of different levels and under different steam pressure conditions; wherein degradation rate of ZEN (%) represents the degradation rate of zearalenone, time (s) represents the pressure maintaining time, and pressure (mPa) represents the steam pressure (mPa); and

[0025] FIG. 3 is a response surface analysis diagram of a theoretical maximum gas yield of exploded straw in pressure maintaining time of different levels and under different steam pressure conditions; wherein A (mL/g) represents the theoretical maximum gas yield, time (s) represents the pressure maintaining time, and pressure (mPa) represents the steam pressure (mPa).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The content of the present disclosure is illustrated in more detail hereinafter in conjunction with the following examples. It should be understood that the implementation of the disclosure is not limited to the following examples, and any form of modifications and/or changes of the disclosure will fall within the scope of protection of the disclosure.

[0027] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise particularly specified, all parts and percentages are referred to by weight, and all devices and starting materials can be commercially available or are commonly used in the industry. All methods in the following examples, unless otherwise indicated, are conventional methods in the field.

[0028] The inventors of the present disclosure give the response surface analysis diagrams of FIG. 1-3 based on a series of test parameters. The disclosure is illustrated in conjunction with the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1

[0029] A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology comprises the following steps:

[0030] A: Pre-processing: drying 50 g of moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, packing and sealing in a plastic bag, and storing at room temperature for about 24 hr;

[0031] B: Steam explosion: processing straw particles using a steam explosion method, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion was 1 MPa, the pressure maintaining time was 200 s, and the water content of straw particles was 10%; and

[0032] C: Collecting steam exploded straw particles in a conical flask, drying at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, and storing for later analysis, including detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC and detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

[0033] The method for detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC was: 1 g of processed straw was transferred into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, followed by addition of 8 mL of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (v/v, 84:16:0.1) solution, fully mixing on a shaker for 10 min, ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and collecting the filtrate. 8 mL of the filtrate was filtered through Mycosep226 multifunctional purification column to give a purified liquid. 200 L of the purified liquid was pipetted to a brown glass bottle with a stopper, and tested on a machine. The quantitative detection conditions were: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (v/v, 25:75) solution, the flow rate was set as 0.5 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 C., the sample injection was 25 L; and the detection parameters of the fluorescence detector were set at excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Finally, the concentration of zearalenone in unexploded moldy straw and that in exploded straw extract (purified liquid) were obtained respectively, ng/mL. The concentration was multiplied by the volume (8 mL) of the extract, to give the zearalenone content in 1 g of sample, ng. The result obtained by subtracting the zearalenone content in exploded straw from the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw was divided by the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw, and the degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded moldy straw was finally obtained.

[0034] The method for detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method was as follows: 0.3 g of steam exploded straw was added into 100 mL of a fermentator, and anaerobically incubated at constant temperature together with 45 mL of anaerobic fermentation broth (volume ratio of rumen liquid to buffer solution was 1:2) at 39 C. for 72 hr, and the pressure in the fermentator was determined using a pressure gauge in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr.

[0035] According to the formula GPt=PtV/(100.3w) (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, Pt is the pressure in each fermentator at time point t, V is the volume of residual fermentation broth in the fermentator, 100.3 is the atmospheric pressure, and w is the straw mass in each fermentator), the cumulative gas yield in the each fermentator at different timepoints was obtained, mL/g. By referring to the exponential function model GPt=[1-e-c(tlag)]A (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, c is the gas generation rate, t is the gas generation time, lag is the gas generation lag time, and A is the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate) proposed by rskov et al., the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate was finally obtained through nonlinear fitting of the cumulative gas yield data, mL/g.

[0036] In this example, the degradation rate of zearalenone in steam exploded straw was 67.41%, and the theoretical maximum gas yield was 239.09 mL/g.

EXAMPLE 2

[0037] A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology comprises the following steps:

[0038] A: Pre-processing: drying 50 g of moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, packing and sealing in a plastic bag, and storing at room temperature for about 24 hr;

[0039] B: Steam explosion: processing straw particles using a steam explosion method, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion was 2.2 MPa, the pressure maintaining time was 30 s, and the water content of straw particles was 50%; and

[0040] C: Collecting steam exploded straw particles in a conical flask, drying at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, and storing for later analysis, including detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC and detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

[0041] The method for detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC was: 1 g of processed straw was transferred into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, followed by addition of 8 mL of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (v/v, 84:16:0.1) solution, fully mixing on a shaker for 10 min, ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and collecting the filtrate. 8 mL of the filtrate was filtered through Mycosep226 multifunctional purification column to give a purified liquid. 200 L of the purified liquid was pipetted to a brown glass bottle with a stopper, and tested on a machine. The quantitative detection conditions were: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (v/v, 25:75) solution, the flow rate was set as 0.5 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 C., the sample injection was 25 L; and the detection parameters of the fluorescence detector were set at excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Finally, the concentration of zearalenone in unexploded moldy straw and that in exploded straw extract (purified liquid) were obtained respectively, ng/mL. The concentration was multiplied by the volume (8 mL) of the extract, to give the zearalenone content in 1 g of sample, ng. The result obtained by subtracting the zearalenone content in exploded straw from the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw was divided by the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw, and the degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded moldy straw was finally obtained.

[0042] The method for detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method was as follows: 0.3 g of steam exploded straw was added into 100 mL of a fermentator, and anaerobically incubated at constant temperature together with 45 mL of anaerobic fermentation broth (volume ratio of rumen liquid to buffer solution was 1:2) at 39 C. for 72 hr, and the pressure in the fermentator was determined using a pressure gauge in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr. According to the formula GPt=PtV/(100.3w) (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, Pt is the pressure in each fermentator at time point t, V is the volume of residual fermentation broth in the fermentator, 100.3 is the atmospheric pressure, and w is the straw mass in each fermentator), the cumulative gas yield in the each fermentator at different timepoints was obtained, mL/g. By referring to the exponential function model GPt=[1-e-c(tlag)]A (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, c is the gas generation rate, t is the gas generation time, lag is the gas generation lag time, and A is the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate) proposed by rskov et al., the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate was finally obtained through nonlinear fitting of the cumulative gas yield data, mL/g.

[0043] In this example, the degradation rate of zearalenone in steam exploded straw was 72.18%, and the theoretical maximum gas yield was 240.71 mL/g.

EXAMPLE 3

[0044] A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology comprises the following steps:

[0045] A: Pre-processing: drying 50 g of moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, packing and sealing in a plastic bag, and storing at room temperature for about 24 hr;

[0046] B: Steam explosion: processing straw particles using a steam explosion method, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion was 1.6 MPa, the pressure maintaining time was 115 s, and the water content of straw particles was 30%; and

[0047] C: Collecting steam exploded straw particles in a conical flask, drying at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, and storing for later analysis, including detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC and detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

[0048] The method for detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC was: 1 g of processed straw was transferred into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, followed by addition of 8 mL of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (v/v, 84:16:0.1) solution, fully mixing on a shaker for 10 min, ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and collecting the filtrate. 8 mL of the filtrate was filtered through Mycosep226 multifunctional purification column to give a purified liquid. 200 L of the purified liquid was pipetted to a brown glass bottle with a stopper, and tested on a machine. The quantitative detection conditions were: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (v/v, 25:75) solution, the flow rate was set as 0.5 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 C., the sample injection was 25 L; and the detection parameters of the fluorescence detector were set at excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Finally, the concentration of zearalenone in unexploded moldy straw and that in exploded straw extract (purified liquid) were obtained respectively, ng/mL. The concentration was multiplied by the volume (8 mL) of the extract, to give the zearalenone content in 1 g of sample, ng. The result obtained by subtracting the zearalenone content in exploded straw from the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw was divided by the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw, and the degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded moldy straw was finally obtained.

[0049] The method for detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method was as follows: 0.3 g of steam exploded straw was added into 100 mL of a fermentator, and anaerobically incubated at constant temperature together with 45 mL of anaerobic fermentation broth (volume ratio of rumen liquid to buffer solution was 1:2) at 39 C. for 72 hr, and the pressure in the fermentator was determined using a pressure gauge in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr. According to the formula GPt=PtV/(100.3w) (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, Pt is the pressure in each fermentator at time point t, V is the volume of residual fermentation broth in the fermentator, 100.3 is the atmospheric pressure, and w is the straw mass in each fermentator), the cumulative gas yield in the each fermentator at different timepoints was obtained, mL/g. By referring to the exponential function model GPt=[1-e-c(tlag)]A (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, c is the gas generation rate, t is the gas generation time, lag is the gas generation lag time, and A is the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate) proposed by rskov et al., the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate was finally obtained through nonlinear fitting of the cumulative gas yield data, mL/g.

[0050] In this example, the degradation rate of zearalenone in steam exploded straw was 63.63%, and the theoretical maximum gas yield was 263.61 mL/g.

EXAMPLE 4

[0051] A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology comprises the following steps:

[0052] A: Pre-processing: drying 50 g of moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, packing and sealing in a plastic bag, and storing at room temperature for about 24 hr;

[0053] B: Steam explosion: processing straw particles using a steam explosion method, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion was 2.2 MPa, the pressure maintaining time was 144 s, and the water content of straw was 10%; and

[0054] C: Collecting steam exploded straw particles in a conical flask, drying at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, and storing for later analysis, including detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC and detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

[0055] The method for detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC was: 1 g of processed straw was transferred into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, followed by addition of 8 mL of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (v/v, 84:16:0.1) solution, fully mixing on a shaker for 10 min, ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and collecting the filtrate. 8 mL of the filtrate was filtered through Mycosep226 multifunctional purification column to give a purified liquid. 200 L of the purified liquid was pipetted to a brown glass bottle with a stopper, and tested on a machine. The quantitative detection conditions were: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (v/v, 25:75) solution, the flow rate was set as 0.5 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 C., the sample injection was 25 L; and the detection parameters of the fluorescence detector were set at excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Finally, the concentration of zearalenone in unexploded moldy straw and that in exploded straw extract (purified liquid) were obtained respectively, ng/mL. The concentration was multiplied by the volume (8 mL) of the extract, to give the zearalenone content in 1 g of sample, ng. The result obtained by subtracting the zearalenone content in exploded straw from the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw was divided by the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw, and the degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded moldy straw was finally obtained.

[0056] The method for detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method was as follows: 0.3 g of steam exploded straw was added into 100 mL of a fermentator, and anaerobically incubated at constant temperature together with 45 mL of anaerobic fermentation broth (volume ratio of rumen liquid to buffer solution was 1:2) at 39 C. for 72 hr, and the pressure in the fermentator was determined using a pressure gauge in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr. According to the formula GPt=PtV/(100.3w) (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, Pt is the pressure in each fermentator at time point t, V is the volume of residual fermentation broth in the fermentator, 100.3 is the atmospheric pressure, and w is the straw mass in each fermentator), the cumulative gas yield in the each fermentator at different timepoints was obtained, mL/g. By referring to the exponential function model GPt=[1-e-c(tlag)]A (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, c is the gas generation rate, t is the gas generation time, lag is the gas generation lag time, and A is the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate) proposed by rskov et al., the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate was finally obtained through nonlinear fitting of the cumulative gas yield data, mL/g.

[0057] In this example, the degradation rate of zearalenone in steam exploded straw was 83%, and the theoretical maximum gas yield was 224.46 mL/g. Under the conditions, the maximum degradation rate of zearalenone was achieved.

EXAMPLE 5

[0058] A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology comprises the following steps:

[0059] A: Pre-processing: drying 50 g of moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, packing and sealing in a plastic bag, and storing at room temperature for about 24 hr;

[0060] B: Steam explosion: processing straw particles using a steam explosion method, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion was 1.48 MPa, the pressure maintaining time was 30 s, and the water content of straw particles was 50%; and

[0061] C: Collecting steam exploded straw particles in a conical flask, drying at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, and storing for later analysis, including detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC and detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

[0062] The method for detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC was: 1 g of processed straw was transferred into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, followed by addition of 8 mL of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (v/v, 84:16:0.1) solution, fully mixing on a shaker for 10 min, ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and collecting the filtrate. 8 mL of the filtrate was filtered through Mycosep226 multifunctional purification column to give a purified liquid. 200 L of the purified liquid was pipetted to a brown glass bottle with a stopper, and tested on a machine. The quantitative detection conditions were: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (v/v, 25:75) solution, the flow rate was set as 0.5 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 C., the sample injection was 25 L; and the detection parameters of the fluorescence detector were set at excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Finally, the concentration of zearalenone in unexploded moldy straw and that in exploded straw extract (purified liquid) were obtained respectively, ng/mL. The concentration was multiplied by the volume (8 mL) of the extract, to give the zearalenone content in 1 g of sample, ng. The result obtained by subtracting the zearalenone content in exploded straw from the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw was divided by the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw, and the degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded moldy straw was finally obtained.

[0063] The method for detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method was as follows: 0.3 g of steam exploded straw was added into 100 mL of a fermentator, and anaerobically incubated at constant temperature together with 45 mL of anaerobic fermentation broth (volume ratio of rumen liquid to buffer solution was 1:2) at 39 C. for 72 hr, and the pressure in the fermentator was determined using a pressure gauge in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr. According to the formula GPt=PtV/(100.3w) (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, Pt is the pressure in each fermentator at time point t, V is the volume of residual fermentation broth in the fermentator, 100.3 is the atmospheric pressure, and w is the straw mass in each fermentator), the cumulative gas yield in the each fermentator at different timepoints was obtained, mL/g. By referring to the exponential function model GPt=[1-e-c(tlag)]A (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, c is the gas generation rate, t is the gas generation time, lag is the gas generation lag time, and A is the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate) proposed by rskov et al., the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate was finally obtained through nonlinear fitting of the cumulative gas yield data, mL/g.

[0064] In this example, the degradation rate of zearalenone in steam exploded straw was 53.18%, and the theoretical maximum gas yield was 245.61 mL/g Under the conditions, the processed straw had the highest theoretical maximum gas yield.

EXAMPLE 6

[0065] A method for reducing zearalenone content in straw using steam explosion technology comprises the following steps:

[0066] A: Pre-processing: drying 50 g of moldy maize straw at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, pulverizing to straw particles with a particle size of 2-10 mm, spraying water on the pulverized straw particles based on the water content, packing and sealing in a plastic bag, and storing at room temperature for about 24 hr;

[0067] B: Steam explosion: processing straw particles using a steam explosion method, wherein the steam pressure of steam explosion was 1.88 MPa, the pressure maintaining time was 105.91 s, and the water content of straw was 50%; and

[0068] C: Collecting steam exploded straw particles in a conical flask, drying at 65 C. for 72 hr or to constant weight, and storing for later analysis, including detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC and detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method.

[0069] The method for detecting the degradation rate of zearalenone by HPLC was: 1 g of processed straw was transferred into a 50 mL centrifuge tube, followed by addition of 8 mL of acetonitrile-water-formic acid (v/v, 84:16:0.1) solution, fully mixing on a shaker for 10 min, ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, and collecting the filtrate. 8 mL of the filtrate was filtered through Mycosep226 multifunctional purification column to give a purified liquid. 200 L of the purified liquid was pipetted to a brown glass bottle with a stopper, and tested on a machine. The quantitative detection conditions were: the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (v/v, 25:75) solution, the flow rate was set as 0.5 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 C., the sample injection was 25 L; and the detection parameters of the fluorescence detector were set at excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Finally, the concentration of zearalenone in unexploded moldy straw and that in exploded straw extract (purified liquid) were obtained respectively, ng/mL. The concentration was multiplied by the volume (8 mL) of the extract, to give the zearalenone content in 1 g of sample, ng. The result obtained by subtracting the zearalenone content in exploded straw from the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw was divided by the zearalenone content in unexploded moldy straw, and the degradation rate of zearalenone in exploded moldy straw was finally obtained.

[0070] The method for detecting the theoretical maximum gas yield of straw by in vitro aerogenesis method was as follows: 0.3 g of steam exploded straw was added into 100 mL of a fermentator, and anaerobically incubated at constant temperature together with 45 mL of anaerobic fermentation broth (volume ratio of rumen liquid to buffer solution was 1:2) at 39 C. for 72 hr, and the pressure in the fermentator was determined using a pressure gauge in 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hr. According to the formula GPt=PtV/(100.3w) (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, Pt is the pressure in each fermentator at time point t, V is the volume of residual fermentation broth in the fermentator, 100.3 is the atmospheric pressure, and w is the straw mass in each fermentator), the cumulative gas yield in the each fermentator at different timepoints was obtained, mL/g. By referring to the exponential function model GPt=[1-e-c(tlag)]A (GPt is the cumulative gas yield at timepoint t, c is the gas generation rate, t is the gas generation time, lag is the gas generation lag time, and A is the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate) proposed by rskov et al., the theoretical maximum gas yield of the fermentation substrate at the gas generation rate was finally obtained through nonlinear fitting of the cumulative gas yield data, mL/g.

[0071] In this example, the degradation rate of zearalenone in steam exploded straw was 71.31%, and the theoretical maximum gas yield was 242.11 mL/g. Under the conditions, the maximum degradation rate of zearalenone was achieved.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate, rather than to limit, the technical solution of the present disclosure. While the disclosure is illustrated in detail with reference to preferred examples, it should be understood that the foregoing description is only embodiments of the disclosure, and is not used to limit the scope of protection of the disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, or the like made within the spirit and principle of the disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of the disclosure.