Abstract
An insole made of two membrane foils, between which a liquid is provided. The membrane foils have very little elasticity and high stiffness to respond quickly to load by pushing liquid quickly from an area under the foot to another area of the foot, by which the balance response is made faster for a person who uses such insoles. Especially in the field of multiple sclerosis, post-stroke rehabilitation, golf and race have such insoles have proven to be very advantageous.
Claims
1. An insole for footwear, wherein said insole comprises a lower membrane foil (3.2) and an upper membrane foil (3.3) mutually joined along a closed path so as to form an enclosure (3.5), which is filled with water; wherein only the upper membrane foil is made of a plastic material, or both the upper membrane foil and the lower membrane foil are made of a plastic material; wherein the upper membrane foil or both the upper membrane foil and the lower membrane foil has a membrane foil stiffness, wherein the membrane foil stiffness is defined by a deflection that is within a deflection interval of 0.02 to 1.95 mm; wherein the deflection is measured in a bending measurement as follows: the bending measurement is being made with a piece of 10 mm25 mm of the plastic material placed centrally resting on two parallel rails (2.2) having a mutual distance of 15 mm, and wherein a force is applied onto the piece at 25 C., the force corresponding to a weight of 25 g midway between the two parallel rails (2,2) so as to cause a deflection after a constant weight impact for 2.5 minutes.
2. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the deflection interval is 0.2 to 1.95 mm.
3. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the material of only the upper membrane foil or of both the upper membrane foil and the lower membrane foil is a laminate.
4. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the upper membrane foil (3.3) is a laminate (16.3) of a first polymer foil (16.1) that is high-frequency weldable, and a second polymer foil (16.2); wherein the stiffness of the second polymer foil (16.2) is higher than the stiffness of the first polymer foil (16.1); wherein the first polymer foil (16.1) is oriented towards the enclosure (3.5) with the water; wherein the lower membrane foil (3.2) also comprises a high-frequency weldable polymer foil that is oriented towards the enclosure (3.5) and that is joined together by high-frequency welding with the first polymer foil (16.1) of the upper membrane foil (16.3) along the edge (3.4) to form the enclosure (3.5).
5. An insole according to claim 4, wherein the first polymer foil (16.1) is made of polyurethane (PU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) or a mixture thereof.
6. An insole according to claim 4, wherein the second polymer foil (16.2) is made of polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), oriented polyamide (OPA) or polyamide (PA) or a mixture thereof.
7. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the upper membrane foil (3.3) has a thickness of less than 1.5 mm.
8. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the upper membrane foil (3.3) has a stiffness corresponding to a deflection of 0.02 to 0.5 mm.
9. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the lower membrane foil (3.2) has a lower stiffness than the upper membrane foil (3.3).
10. An insole according to claim 9, wherein also the lower membrane foil (3.2) is provided with a stiffness within the deflection interval.
11. An insole according to claim 10, wherein the lower membrane foil (3.2) has a stiffness corresponding to a deflection of between 0.5 mm and 1.95; and the upper membrane foil (3.3) has a stiffness corresponding to a deflection of less than 0.02 to 0.5 mm.
12. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the lower membrane foil (3.2) and the upper membrane foil (3.3) are mutually joined together along the edge (3.4) so as to form the enclosure (3.5) for the liquid; where the joint comprises several local constrictions (3.8) (3.10) in the joints along the insole's right or left edge or along both the right and left edge so that the width of the enclosure varies alternatingly.
13. An insole according to claim 12, wherein, for an asymmetric flow profile, the constrictions are provided only at the right edge or only on the left edge of the insole, or constrictions are provided at both right and left side of the insole, but the shape, number, or size of the constrictions at the right edge is different from the shape, number, or size of the constrictions at the left edge.
14. An insole according to claim 1, wherein the insole comprises an electrical conductor for counteracting static electricity.
15. An insole according to claim 1, wherein said insole comprises a functional upper part which comprises at least one of the following: Recesses or shock absorbing plates in recesses; Local elevations for supporting the arch and forefoot, or both; Fasteners for attaching a plurality of single elements, where each single element represents a local elevation for supporting the arch or forefoot, or both; A multi-layer comprising a foamed pressure-relieving material, a textile on top of the foamed material, and on top of the fabric a net material or multiple nets with different mesh sizes for the ventilation of the foot sole.
16. An insole according to claim 1, wherein said insole comprises a functional lower part that comprises at least one of the following: a liquid-filled shock-relieving and pressure-relieving heel protector; a heel protector made of solid cushioning material.
17. A sports shoe or work shoe comprising an insole according to claim 1.
18. A method of using an insole according to claim 1 for at least one of the following activities: sports rehabilitation, balance improvement during sickness, and pain relief.
19. A method of using an insole according to claim 1 for the sport of golf, shooting, or running.
20. A method of modifying the balance yielding effect on a sports shoe in which the sports shoe is provided with a sole that has a top surface and a bottom side for contact with a base for standing or walking; wherein a first insole is provided on top of the top surface, without attachment to the top surface; wherein the first insole comprises a foot bed with supporting elastic elevations below an arch area and around a heel area, wherein the foot bed is intended for contact with a foot; the method comprising inserting an insole according to claim 1 between the first insole and the upper surface of the sole.
21. A method for producing an insole according to claim 1, wherein providing a first polymer foil (16.1) that is high-frequency weldable and a second polymer foil (16.2) with a greater stiffness than the first polymeric foil (16.1); laminating the first polymer foil (16.1) and the second polymer foil (16.2) together, thereby forming a laminate for an upper membrane foil (3.3); providing a high-frequency weldable lower membrane foil (3.2) and welding it together with the upper membrane foil (3.3) by high-frequency welding, thereby forming an enclosure (3.5), which is filled with water; wherein the first polymer foil (16.1) of the upper membrane foil (3.3) is oriented towards the enclosure (3.5) and the second polymer foil (16.2) is oriented in a direction away from the enclosure (3.5).
22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the first polymer foil (16.1) is made of polyurethane (PU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) or a mixture thereof.
23. A method according to claim 21, wherein the second polymer foil (16.2) is made of polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), oriented polyamide (OPA) or polyamide (PA) or a mixture thereof.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
(1) The invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing in which
(2) FIGS. 1.1-1.2 illustrate a balancing cycle, where FIG. 1.1 is a sequential explanation of the cycle, and FIG. 1.2 illustrates the amplitudes and frequencies of sway in relation to the load on the sole of the foot;
(3) FIG. 2 illustrates the measuring device for the measurement and definition of stiffness;
(4) FIGS. 3.1-3.5 show different embodiments of insoles, wherein FIG. 3.1, 3.2., FIG. 3.3, and FIG. 3.4 have different shapes, and where FIG. 3.5 is an illustration of a foot with load area;
(5) FIGS. 4.1-4.4 illustrate the interaction between the liquid and the rigid membrane foil; where FIG. 4.1 illustrates a response of the sole with applied load; FIG. 4.2 illustrates the flow in the liquid reservoir of a stiff sole, FIG. 4.3 illustrates the reaction of a soft sole in contrast to a stiff sole, FIG. 4.4 illustrates movement of liquids in a soft sole in contrast to a stiff sole;
(6) FIGS. 5.1-5.3 illustrate an insole with a textile surface, wherein FIG. 5.1 shows the structure of textile directly on the liquid reservoir, FIG. 5.2 shows the structure of a pressure-relieving soft material, FIG. 5.3 shows the structure with a ventilation layer on the surface;
(7) FIG. 6 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with functional upper part;
(8) FIGS. 7/1-7.2 illustrate a liquid-filled insole with a functional upper part that is provided with cavities with pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plates either as part of the sole, which is illustrated in FIG. 7.1, or separately for insertion, as illustrated in FIG. 7.2;
(9) FIG. 8 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with functional upper part with supporting elevations;
(10) FIGS. 9.1-9.2 illustrate the attachment mechanism of a functional upper part to the liquid-filled reservoir;
(11) FIG. 10 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with a functional upper part molded in elastomer;
(12) FIGS. 11.1-11.2 illustrate an insole of FIG. 11.1 is a perspective view and in FIG. 11.2 in cross-section, which is laterally wrapped with an electrically conductive ribbon, and where there is shown an insole with a friction-generating bottom;
(13) FIGS. 12.1-12.2 illustrate an insole that has imposed an additional Heel Protector under the heel, wherein FIG. 12.1 illustrates the operation, and FIG. 12.2, is a particular embodiment;
(14) FIGS. 13.1-13.3 illustrate how the insole can improve a golfer's balance, in which FIG. 13.1 is with an insole according to the invention and FIG. 13.2 is with a plain sole in golf shoes; FIG. 13.3 illustrates the sway with the respective insoles;
(15) FIGS. 14.1-14.11 show measurements as explained according to FIG. 3 with polymer foils, of which FIG. From 14.1 to 14.10 are fluid filled insoles commercially available on the market and in which FIG. 14.11 are measurements from an insole according to the invention;
(16) FIG. 15 shows experimental results from a study of users of the invention; FIG. 15.1 are experimental data demonstrating the improvement of the balance system, and FIG. 15.2 shows experimental results from rehabilitation of a group of elderly after stroke;
(17) FIG. 16 illustrates a laminate for an insole.
(18) FIG. 17 illustrates a first insole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Brief Description of the Drawing
(19) The invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing in which
(20) FIG. 1 illustrates a balancing cycle, where FIG. 1.1 is a sequential explanation of the cycle, and FIG. 1.2 illustrates the amplitudes and frequencies of sway in relation to the load on the sole of the foot;
(21) FIG. 2 illustrates the measuring device for the measurement and definition of stiffness;
(22) FIG. 3 shows different embodiments of insoles, wherein FIG. 3.1, FIG. 3.2., FIG. 3.3, and FIG. 3.4 have different shapes, and where FIG. 3.5 is an illustration of a foot with load area;
(23) FIG. 4 illustrates the interaction between the liquid and the rigid membrane foil; where FIG. 4.1 illustrates a response of the sole with applied load; FIG. 4.2 illustrates the flow in the liquid reservoir of a stiff sole, FIG. 4.3 illustrates the reaction of a soft sole in contrast to a stiff sole, FIG. 4.4 illustrates movement of liquids in a soft sole in contrast to a stiff sole;
(24) FIG. 5 illustrates an insole with a textile surface, wherein FIG. 5.1 shows the structure of textile directly on the liquid reservoir, FIG. 5.2 shows the structure of a pressure-relieving soft material, FIG. 5.3 shows the structure with a ventilation layer on the surface;
(25) FIG. 6 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with functional upper part;
(26) FIG. 7 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with a functional upper part that is provided with cavities with pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plates either as part of the sole, which is illustrated in FIG. 7.1, or separately for insertion, as illustrated in FIG. 7.2;
(27) FIG. 8 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with functional upper part with supporting elevations;
(28) FIG. 9 illustrates the attachment mechanism of a functional upper part to the liquid-filled reservoir;
(29) FIG. 10 illustrates a liquid-filled insole with a functional upper part molded in elastomer;
(30) FIG. 11 illustrates an insole of FIG. 11.1 is a perspective view and in FIG. 11.2 in cross-section, which is laterally wrapped with an electrically conductive ribbon, and where there is shown an insole with a friction-generating bottom;
(31) FIG. 12 illustrates an insole that has imposed an additional heel protector under the heel, wherein FIG. 12.1 illustrates the operation, and FIG. 12.2, is a particular embodiment;
(32) FIG. 13 illustrates how the insole can improve a golfer's balance, in which FIG. 13.1 is with an insole according to the invention and FIG. 13.2 is related to a plain sole in golf shoes; FIG. 13.3 illustrates the sway with the respective insoles;
(33) FIG. 14 shows measurements as explained according to FIG. 3 with polymer foils, of which FIG. 14.1 to FIG. 14.10 are fluid filled insoles commercially available on the market and in which FIG. 14.11 are measurements from an insole according to the invention;
(34) FIG. 15 shows experimental results from a study of users of the invention with experimental data demonstrating the improvement of the balance system;
(35) FIG. 16 illustrates a laminate for an insole.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(36) The balance-improving insole according to the invention is built up of two membrane foils with very low elasticity and high stiffness, between which a liquid is provided in a reservoir. An example is shown in FIG. 3.1. The insole 3.1 consists of a lower membrane foil 3.2 and an upper membrane foil 3.3 joined along the edge 3.4, for example, welded such that there is provided an enclosure 3.5. On the insole area, a number of traversing joints 3.6, typically welds, are provided which connect the lower membrane foil 3.2 with the upper membrane foil 3.3 and act as flow regulators. In the enclosure 3.5, a suitable amount of liquid is 3.7 provided such that load on the insole causes a hydraulic pressure in the liquid, which propagates along the enclosure 3.5.
(37) FIG. 2 shows how the stiffness of the membrane foils is measured and defined. The following measuring equipment is applied: Parallel Plate Measuring Systems DMA 7E, Dynamic mechanical analyzer, Bending Measuring Systems by PerkinElmer, USA. For a description of the system, see the Internet sites: http://www.perkinelmer.com/Catalog/Category/ID/Bending%20Measuring%20Systems%20for%20DMA%207E and http://www.perkinelmer.com/Catalog/Category/ID/Parallel%20Plate%20Measuring%20Systems%20for%20DMA%207E.
(38) This measurement system is standard for such measurements and commercially available. It is generally used for comparison, and results thereof are well-defined, in particular relative measurements when materials are compared.
(39) A section 2.1 is provided of the lower membrane foil or the upper membrane foil, hereinafter generally referred to as the membrane foil, wherein the section is 25 mm10 mm. The section 2.1 of the membrane foil is placed centrally on the two parallel supports 2.2 of the measurement device, the supports having has a distance of 15 mm. Then, a load of 25 g is applied centrally to the section 2.1 of the membrane foil for 2.5 minutes at 25 C.; and the maximum acceptable deflection of the membrane foil is 1.95 mm. If the deflection of the membrane foils is more than 1.95 mm, the balance-improving effect of the membrane foil is significantly reduced and defined as too low.
(40) It is particularly the stiffness of the membrane foils that is essential for the balance-improving property. The thickness of the membrane foils is only significant in relation to the space that the finished insole takes up inside shoes, however, the membrane foils still need to have a certain degree of elasticity. If the stiffness in relation to the measurement method in FIG. 2 is so large that the deflection by the measurement is less than 0.02 mm, the effect balance-improving be greatly reduced and not sufficient. In some cases, the lower limit of 0.2 mm applies, though. Thus, it is necessary to have a stiffness which by the measurement method leads to a deflection of between 0.02 mm and 1.95 mm, for example between 0.2 mm and 1.95 mm, optionally between 0.02 mm and 0.5 mm, or between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm.
(41) From FIG. 1.1 it appears that the balance system consists of a motoric system and a sensory feedback.
(42) The will power for movement is effectuated via motoric information transmitted to the muscles that are desired activated for the specific movement. Any movement is detected by the sensory feedback from the four balance oriented domains, which are the sensory nerves of the feet, the relative angle of the joints, the balance center of the ear, and the orientation by the eye. The sensory feedback gives continuously rise to the correction of the actual motoric information about the movement.
(43) As illustrated in FIG. 4, it is the interaction between the liquid 4.3 and the membrane foils 4.1 and 4.2 that causes the unique balance improving property of the insole according to the invention. With reference to FIG. 4.1, it is the body sway that entails the varying load k, by which the surface of the insole 4.1 is pressed downward a vertical distance t. When the load k affects the membrane foil 4.1, the surface pressure on the liquid is large due to the stiffness of the membrane foil 4.1, because the pressure is distributed over a relatively large area of the liquid due to the stiffness. Despite a very small value of t, there will occur a very large hydraulic pressure P in the liquid, which, due to membrane foils stiffness, will propagate with great speed v in the entire sole and with a force P against the sole of the foot. The latter is illustrated in FIG. 4.2. Accordingly, the foot's sensory nerves are effected by the constantly varying force P over the whole area by which the sole of the foot is in contact with the surface of the insole 4.1, through which there arises an extremely rapidly intensified continuous sensory feedback to the balance system. This means that the balance system initiates the balance creating muscle activities much faster and more accurately.
(44) FIG. 4.2 shows that membrane foils 4.1 and 4.2 due to the stiffness form the hydraulic pressure P on a large surface area against the sole of the foot, whereby the hydraulic pressure P can be distributed under areas of the sole 4.1 that are at a different location under the foot than the areas that are loaded by the force K.
(45) In contrast to the relatively rigid membrane foil according to the invention, soft foils of the prior art behave quite differently. This is illustrated in FIG. 4.3 and FIG. 4.4. If the foil 4.4 is soft, i.e. it has a greater deflection than 1.95 mm at a load of 25 g for 2.5 min at 25 C. following the measurement method in FIG. 2, then, application of the force K will have to result in the foil 4.4 being pressed far down t in order to displace a similar amount of liquid as in FIGS. 4.1 and 4.2. This will occur slower such that the prompt response is not achieved. The water thus has more time to propagate and the pressure P is less. In particular, this pressure P will be much smaller than P in FIG. 4.1 at the same value t as depression t, because the soft material does not cause the same displacement as in FIG. 4.1.
(46) Experimentally, with the above procedure, a limit has been found for the maximum deflection of 1.95 mm, for example 1.95 mm as indicated in FIG. 2. That means that the insoles are considered as too soft if the foil is deflected by more than 1.95 mm. An alternative maximum deflection value is 1.5 mm and the stated intervals read with this as the maximum deflection value.
(47) In addition, because of the softness, the foil will fold outwards 4.4, as shown in FIG. 4.4 if the foil 4.4 is loaded with hydraulic pressure K. Soft foils cannot generate the necessary hydraulic pressure with the necessary rapid propagation and the area which are necessary for sensory nerves of the foot being able to generate a sensory feedback that can have a significant impact on the balance.
(48) The balance, however, also has a very large impact on the foot sole's bearing capacity, because a poor balance automatically lead to an inappropriate load on the foot's bearing cells as a result of the greater sway. FIG. 1.2 illustrates that a larger sway implies that a larger load is put on the supporting tissue in the loaded part of the foot sole. Thus, the load on the bale or the forefoot is less by a sway as shown by position 1.1 than by a sway as shown as position 1.2. At the same time, a larger sway prolongs the time in which this greater load affects the tissues, partly because the sway lasts longer and partly because it takes longer to stop the larger inertia resulting automatically from the larger sway. This means that the supporting tissue of the foot sole in the loaded area of the foot surface is pressed more together so that the blood supply is reduced or entirely blocked. Thereby, the supporting cells are cut off from their energy sup-plies for longer periods This load form exhausts the cells, resulting in fatigue and subsequent pain.
(49) Conversely, good balance implies that the load on the supporting cells become more evenly distributed, while the energy supply to the supporting cells only gets blocked for short periods, providing a better energy supply to the cells, by which they are able to maintain their carrying capacity for a considerably longer time, while at the same time, a better blood circulation is achieved by the blood being blocked less.
(50) FIG. 3 shows different designs of an insole 3.1 according to the invention. The insole 3.1 comprises a lower membrane foil 3.2 and an upper membrane foil 3.3 welded, especially high-frequency welded, or glued together along the edge 3.4, thereby creating an enclosure 3.5. On the surface of the insole, a number of traversing joints 3.6 are provided, typically welds that connect the upper membrane foil with the lower membrane foil and which act as flow regulators. The enclosure 3.5 contains liquid 3.7 such that load on the insole creates a hydraulic pressure that propagates efficiently to other parts of the insole.
(51) In the region 3.9 in FIGS. 3.1 and 3.11 in FIG. 3.2, the liquid's flow velocity from the heel and towards the forefoot is regulated by the flow controllers 3.6 as well as constrictions in the joints, typically weldings, 3.8 in FIGS. 3.1 and 3.10 in FIG. 3.2. The constrictions may be either parallel on either side of the foot, as shown by 3.11 in FIG. 3.2 or provided asymmetrically as shown by 3.8 in FIG. 3.1. In the asymmetric embodiment 3.8, a flow arises that follows the foot's normal load form 3.12, as shown in FIG. 3.5.
(52) FIG. 3.3 shows a further embodiment, which is provided with holes 13.3 that can be used for the attachment of various supports for the foot.
(53) FIGS. 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 show in comparison that flow regulators can be designed by many different geometries 3.14. In addition, there may be placed several flow regulators in the transition between the heel and the forefoot.
(54) On the upper side 3.16 against the foot, different functional layers can be provided. As shown in FIG. 5, such functional layer 5.2 may be laminated or glued to the insole of the invention. These functional layers 5.2 can be extremely diverse as explained below with some examples, which are not exhaustive.
(55) FIG. 5.1 shows an embodiment giving comfort in that a fabric 5.3, for example cotton or polyester, is laminated on the surface 5.1 of the insole 3.1 according to the invention. Further, in between the fabric and the upper membrane foil, an underlying soft pressure-relieving material 5.4 can be laminated, as shown in FIG. 5.2, for example a foam material. An example of such a material is foamed polyurethane. Furthermore, above the fabric 5.3, there may be inserted in one or more net materials 5.5 with various mesh sizes for allowing outside air to ventilate the foot sole.
(56) FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment in which a functional upper part 6.1 is glued to the surface 6.2 of the insole 3.1 according to the invention. This embodiments allows for a number of alternative designs. Although, the support of the arch will be higher, the functional upper part 6.1 as the base is typically between 2 and 6 mm thick, and will optionally be made of foamed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene (PE) or polyurethane (PU) or a mixture of these materials. The upper part 6.1 can also be provided anti-bacterial to counteract diseases, in particular for people with diabetes. Additionally or alternatively, the surface may be provided antistatic, especially for safety shoes.
(57) FIG. 7.1 shows a further embodiment where the functional upper part 7.1 is provided with cavities under the heel 7.2 and forefoot 7.3 where specifically pressure-relieving or cushioning plates 7.4 and 7.5 are inserted for more pain relief or cushioning. In special balance-demanding cases, the plates 7.4 and 7.5 may be made of very hard plates whose hardness is close to its metal, for example steel plates.
(58) FIG. 7.2 shows a further configuration of the functional upper part 7.6 for the insole of the invention 3.1. The functional upper part 7.6 is provided with recesses 7.2 and 7.3, and pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plates 7.7 and 7.8 are supplied separately, thereby allowing individual adjustment of the insole to the specific needs of an individual. The pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plates 7.7 and 7.8 can in this embodiment be adapted to the patient's specific pain problems, for example by providing a recess 7.9 in the plate 7.8. Subsequently, the pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plate 7.8 with recess 7.9 can be mounted in the cavity 7.5 in the functional upper part 7.6; likewise, the pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plate 7.7 can correspondingly be mounted in the cavity 7.4 in the functional upper part 7.6. Afterwards, the upper part 7.6 with the mounted pressure-relieving or shock-absorbing plates 7.7 and 7.8 can be assembled with in the insole 3.1 according to the invention such that there appears the patient-customized insert 7.10.
(59) FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the functional upper part, where the functional upper part 8.1 is molded with a foot-regulating unit 8.2 for supporting the arch of the foot and a foot-regulating pelotte 8.3 for support of the forefoot. The alternative design of the functional upper part 8.4 is only provided with the foot-regulating unit 8.2 for supporting of the arch. Likewise, the alternative embodiment of the functional upper part 8.5 is only provided with the foot-regulating pelotte 8.3 for support of the forefoot.
(60) FIG. 9.1 shows a further configuration of the functional upper part 9.2, wherein it is provided with a foot-regulating unit 9.2 for support of the arch, and a foot-regulating incorporating pelotte 9.3, for example applied by gluing.
(61) FIG. 9.2 shows a further embodiment in which a functional unit 9.4 is mounted on the insole 3.1 for supporting the arch of the foot and a foot-regulating pelotte 9.5 for support of the forefoot. Mounting is done with fasteners 9.7 in the holes 9.6. Afterwards, leather or fabric (not shown) can be affixed to the insole side that is towards the foot.
(62) FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment for the functional upper part 10.1, where the embodiment is molded from an elastomer or is milled out of a foamed plastics in relation to the geometry of the foot with the additional elevations 10.2 for sensory effects. Subsequently, the upper part 10.1 is glued to the insole 3.1.
(63) FIG. 11.1 shows an embodiment in which the insole 3.1, for example transversely, is provided with an electrically conductive strip 11.1, for example made of copper, before the functional upper part 11.2 is mounted. This embodiment makes it possible to improve the insole's antistatic properties, for example such that the insole's electric resistance becomes lower than 12.5 Mohm.
(64) FIG. 11.2 shows that the underside 11.3 of the insole 3.1 is provided with a friction-enhancing sheet 11.4.
(65) FIG. 12.1 shows a further embodiment where an extra heel protector 12.1 is welded or glued to the insole 3.1 for further protection of the heel.
(66) FIG. 12.2 shows a special embodiment of the heel protector 12.2, where it is composed of an upper foil 12.3 and a lower foil 12.4. The foils 12.3 and 12.4 are joined together, for example welded, along the edge 12.5. An amount of liquid is provided between the sheets 12.3 and 12.4. A subsequent joining, for example by welding, provide the heel protector 12.2 with traversing joints 7.12, resulting in an elevated pressure in the liquid 12.6. Subsequently, the heel protector 12.2 is fastened, for example welded, to the underside 12.8 of the insole 3.1. If the heel protector 12.2 is loaded with load P, a portion of the liquid will move into the interspaces 12.9 between the joints 12.7, leading to the creation of a shock-damping and dynamic pressure-relief of the heel.
(67) FIG. 13.1 shows a measured motion profile of a foot, where a golfer was standing on an insole according to the invention and tried to put a ball in the hole on a golf course. FIG. 13.2 shows a motion profile on an ordinary sole for a golf shoe during a corresponding movement. The crucial difference is illustrated by encircled areas, see arrows, that delimit the amplitude of motion. It is clear that the sway motion is much smaller in FIG. 13.1 than in FIG. 13.2, proving impact on the balance and the resulting sway by an insole as described above and compared to a regular golf shoes. The resulting sway is illustrated in FIG. 13.3, where the left illustration corresponds to sway when using an insole as described above and a right-hand illustration with the larger sway corresponding to the use of a regular golf shoe. The better balance yields less sway.
(68) FIGS. 14.1 to 14.10 show a series of measurements 1-10 for polymer foils of ten different commercially available liquid soles that do not possess the same beneficial properties in relation to balance improvements as an insole according to the invention. The measurements were conducted using a well-defined and well-known method with an apparatus that is commercially available and which was described above in connection with FIG. 2. The various measurements were made at a temperature of 25 C. with a load of respectively 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g on a piece of foil having a size of 10 mm25 mm; for the measurement with 25 grams, the deflection after 2.5 minutes is indicated.
(69) The measurement 1 in FIG. 14.1 is implemented on an insole under the name Easy Step, sold by the company ProBody Medical, see also www.pro-body.dk where it reads that ProBody Medical is managed and owned among others by Henning Schoesler, who also is listed as inventor and applicant of the U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,663. The measured insole is built up as described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,663 and the same welding pattern as the insole illustrated at the front of U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,663. The thickness was measured to 1 mm. As seen from the bending measurement, the deflection is 2.28 mm, namely, the difference between the starting position of 1.2 mm of the probe and the end position of 1.08 mm.
(70) For the other measurements 2-10, there is likewise indicated the maximum deflection. It is seen that all of the 10 commercial insoles have a deflection in the bending measurements of at least 2 mm.
(71) In contrast thereto, similar measurements with an insole according to the invention are shown in FIG. 14.11, where the foil thickness is 0.80 mm and, hence, thinner. The insole has a membrane foil consisting of a laminate of polyurethane, polyamide, polyethylene, polyester and cotton fibers and has a stiffness that is higher in spite of smaller thickness. It is seen that the deflection was measured to 1.08 mm in contrast to the other insoles of the prior art for which the deflection was much larger.
(72) In FIG. 15 there is shown a diagram illustrating the experimental results for the test of the invention. At Aalborg University in Denmark, 21 people participated in a test of the insole. Experiments were carried out with insoles according to the invention in addition to so-called dummy insoles, and with no insoles at all. The right column of the chart graphically illustrates standard deviations for the pressure center in the medial-lateral direction when the persons stood for 30 seconds on the left leg. It is seen that the standard deviation was statistically significantly less for a sole according to the invention. This means that the sway was reduced.
(73) FIG. 16 shows an example of a laminate 16.3 for an insole, for example for an upper membrane foil that is also described in connection with FIG. 3. There is provided a laminate 16.3 having a first foil 16.1 that is high-frequency weldable and forms an inner surface of the reservoir. On the outer side of the first foil 16.1 in the laminate, there is provided an additional foil 16.2 of a rigid material that provides the insole its stiff character, as the high-frequency weldable foil 16.1 is softer than the additional foil 16.2, which typically is not suitable for high-frequency welding. The additional foil 16.2 may be replaced by a multilayer of different foils to provide strength. Optionally, there is laminated an outermost fabric layer 5.3 of polyester and/or cotton, for example, woven or non-woven, as also explained in connection with FIG. 5. This outer layer provides a comfortable surface and is advantageously suitable for preventing creep. Particularly suitable high-frequency weldable materials for the first foil 16.1 are polyurethane (PU), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), or mixtures thereof. As the second foil 16.2 in order to increase the stiffness, the following foil materials are useful: polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), oriented polyamide (OPA), or polyamide (PA), or mixtures thereof.
(74) FIG. 17 shows a first insole 17 provided on top of a top surface of the sole 18 of a sport shoe, without attachment to the top surface of the sole of the sports shoe. The first insole 17 comprises a foot bed with supporting elastic elevations below an arch area and around a heel area, wherein the foot bed is intended for contact with a foot. The insole 3.1 is inserted between the first insole 17 and the sole 18.
