ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND, ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS INCLUDING ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE

Abstract

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

M.sub.1(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12  Formula 1

wherein, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 is a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal, L.sub.11 is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1, L.sub.12 is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand, n11 is 1, and n12 is 0, 1, or 2:

##STR00001##

wherein ring CY.sub.1 to ring CY.sub.4, E.sub.1, T.sub.1 to T.sub.4, R.sub.10 to R.sub.40, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4, n1 to n4, a1 to a4, and c10 to c40 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions thereof provided herein, and *1, *2, *3, and *4 are each a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1.

Claims

1. An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:
M.sub.1(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12  Formula 1 wherein, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 is a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal, L.sub.11 is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1, L.sub.12 is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand, n11 is 1, and n12 is 0, 1, or 2: ##STR00145## wherein, in Formula 1-1, *1, *2, *3, and *4 are each a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 are each independently C or N, a bond between X.sub.1 and M.sub.1, a bond between X.sub.2 and M.sub.1, a bond between X.sub.3 and M.sub.1, and a bond between X.sub.4 and M.sub.1 are each independently a covalent bond or a coordinate bond, ring CY.sub.1 to ring CY.sub.4 are each independently a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, T.sub.1 to T.sub.4 are each independently a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—S(═O).sub.2—*′, *—C(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, *—C(R.sub.50)=*′, *—C(R.sub.50)═C(R.sub.60)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—B(R.sub.50)—*, *—N(R.sub.50)—*′, *—P(R.sub.5)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, *—P(═O)(R.sub.50)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, a1 to a4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, provided that at least three of a1 to a4 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3, E.sub.1 is a group represented by Formula 2, and n1 to n4 are each independently 0, 1, or 2, and the sum of n1, n2, n3, and n4 is 1 or greater: ##STR00146## wherein, in Formula 2, ring CY.sub.21 to ring CY.sub.23 are each independently a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, Y.sub.21 is B, P, P(═O), or N, K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 are each independently a single bond, B(R.sub.204), N(R.sub.205), O, S, Se, C(═O), or S(═O).sub.2, m1 to m3 are each independently 0 or 1, provided that when m1 is 0, K.sub.1 is not present, when m2 is 0, K.sub.2 is not present, and when m3 is 0, K.sub.3 is not present, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, R.sub.50, R.sub.60, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.205 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), c10, c20, c30, and c40 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10, c201 to c203 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10, and a substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —Ge(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or a combination thereof; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —Ge(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or a combination thereof; —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —Ge(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), —P(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39); or a combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

2. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein M.sub.1 in Formula 1 is Pt, Pd, or Au.

3. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein a bond between X.sub.1 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1 is a coordinate bond.

4. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein, in Formula 1-1, a1 is not 0, and ring CY.sub.1 is represented by one of Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108): ##STR00147## ##STR00148## ##STR00149## ##STR00150## ##STR00151## ##STR00152## ##STR00153## ##STR00154## wherein, in Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108), X.sub.1 is C or N, and X.sub.1 in Formulae CY1(27) to CY1(39) and CY1(101) to CY1(108) is C, X.sub.11 is O, S, N(R.sub.18), C(R.sub.18)(R.sub.19), or Si(R.sub.18)(R.sub.19), and R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 are each understood by referring to the description of R.sub.10 in claim 1, * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1, *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.1 in Formula 1-1, and *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.4 in Formula 1-1.

5. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein, in Formula 1-1, a1 is not 0, a2 is not 0, and ring CY.sub.2 is represented by one of Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15): ##STR00155## ##STR00156## wherein, in Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15), X.sub.2 is C or N, X.sub.21 is O, S, N(R.sub.28), C(R.sub.28)(R.sub.29), or Si(R.sub.28)(R.sub.29), and R.sub.28 and R.sub.29 are each understood by referring to the description of R.sub.20 in claim 1, * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1, *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.1 in Formula 1-1, and *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.2 in Formula 1-1.

6. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein, in Formula 1-1, a2 is not 0, a3 is not 0, and ring CY.sub.3 is represented by one of Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(101) to CY3(122): ##STR00157## ##STR00158## ##STR00159## ##STR00160## ##STR00161## wherein, in Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(101) to CY3(122), X.sub.3 is C or N, X.sub.31 is a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.38), C(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), or Si(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), X.sub.32 is O, S, N(R.sub.38), C(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), or Si(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), and R.sub.38 and R.sub.39 are each understood by referring to the description of R.sub.30 in claim 1, * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1, *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.2 in Formula 1-1, and *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.3 in Formula 1-1.

7. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein, in Formula 1-1, a3 is not 0, and ring CY.sub.4 is represented by one of Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(42) and CY4(101) to CY4(111): ##STR00162## ##STR00163## ##STR00164## ##STR00165## ##STR00166## ##STR00167## ##STR00168## ##STR00169## wherein, in Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(42) and CY4(101) to CY4(111), X.sub.4 is C or N, X.sub.41 is O, S, N(R.sub.48), C(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), or Si(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), X.sub.42 is a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.48), C(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), or Si(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), and R.sub.48 and R.sub.49 are each understood by referring to the description of R.sub.40 in claim 1, * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1, *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.3 in Formula 1-1, and *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.4 in Formula 1-1.

8. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein the sum of n1, n2, n3, and n4 is 1.

9. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein ring CY.sub.21 to ring CY.sub.23 in Formula 2 are each independently a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentene group, a silole group, a germole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, an indolodibenzofuran group, an indolodibenzothiophene group, an indolocarbazole group, an indolofluorene group, an indolodibenzosilole group, or an indolodibenzogermole group.

10. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein in Formula 2, i) Y.sub.21 is B, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 are each O, ii) Y.sub.21 is B, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 are each N(R.sub.205), iii) Y.sub.21 is B, at least one of K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 is O, and at least one of K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 is N(R.sub.205), iv) Y.sub.21 is N, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 are each a single bond, v) Y.sub.21 is N, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 are each C(═O), or vi) Y.sub.21 is N, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 are each S(═O).sub.2.

11. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein the sum of m1, m2, and m3 is 2 or 3.

12. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein, in Formula 1-1, E.sub.1 is represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-8: ##STR00170## ##STR00171## wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-8, R.sub.206 and R.sub.207 are each understood by referring to the description of R.sub.201 in claim 1, c201 and c206 are each an integer from 1 to 3, c202, c203, and c207 are each an integer from 1 to 4, Y.sub.21, K.sub.1 to K.sub.3, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.203 are respectively understood by referring to the descriptions of Y.sub.21, K.sub.1 to K.sub.3, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.203 in claim 1, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

13. The organometallic compound of claim 1, wherein the organometallic compound is represented by one of Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E: ##STR00172## ##STR00173## wherein, in Formulae 1-1A and 1-1B, X.sub.1 is C, and X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 are each independently C or N, in Formulae 1-1C to 1-1E, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 are each independently C or N, in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15 are each independently R.sub.10 or E.sub.1, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23 are each independently R.sub.20 or E.sub.1, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.36 are each independently R.sub.30 or E.sub.1, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 are each independently R.sub.40 or E.sub.1, in Formulae 1-1A and 1-1E, at least one of Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.36, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 is E.sub.1, in Formulae 1-1B to 1-1D, at least one of Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.13, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.36, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 is E.sub.1, and M.sub.1, T.sub.2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, and E.sub.1 are respectively understood by referring to the descriptions of M.sub.1, T.sub.2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, and E.sub.1 in claim 1.

14. The organometallic compound of claim 13, wherein in Formulae 1-1A and 1-1E, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15 are each R.sub.10, and Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15 are identical to or different from one another, and, in Formulae 1-1B to 1-1D, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.13 are each R.sub.10, and Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.13 are identical to or different from one another, in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23 are each R.sub.20, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23 are identical to or different from one another, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.33, Z.sub.35, and Z.sub.36 are each R.sub.30, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.33, Z.sub.35, and Z.sub.36 are identical to or different from one another, Z.sub.34 is E.sub.1, Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 are each R.sub.40, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 are identical to or different from one another.

15. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound of claim 1.

16. The light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the emission layer comprises the at least one organometallic compound.

17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the emission layer comprises a host and a dopant, and the dopant comprises the at least one organometallic compound.

18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the emission layer emits blue light.

19. The light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer further comprises a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region comprises a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

20. An electronic apparatus, comprising the organic light-emitting device of claim 15.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of one or more exemplary embodiments will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0040] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments;

[0041] FIG. 2 is a graph of wavelength (λ, nanometers (nm)) versus intensity (arbitrary units, normalized) showing photoluminescence (PL) spectra of compounds C1, Pt-4, and Pt-26 according to one or more aspects of the Examples below;

[0042] FIG. 3 is a scheme showing the synthesis of Compound Pt-4 as described in the Examples;

[0043] FIG. 4 is a scheme showing the synthesis of Compound Pt-6 as described in the Examples;

[0044] FIG. 5 is a scheme showing the synthesis of Compound Pt-4 26 as described in the Examples; and

[0045] FIG. 6 is a scheme showing the synthesis of Compound Pt-47 as described in the Examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0047] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing one or more exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

[0048] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

[0049] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

[0050] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0052] “About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.

[0053] An organometallic compound according to an aspect of one or more embodiments is represented by Formula 1:

M.sub.1(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12  Formula 1

[0054] wherein, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 is a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal.

[0055] For example, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 may be iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), or gold (Au).

[0056] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 may be Pt, Pd, or Au.

[0057] For example, in one or more embodiments, M.sub.1 in Formula 1 is Pt.

[0058] L.sub.11 in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by Formula 1-1.

[0059] n11 in Formula 1 is 1.

[0060] L.sub.12 in Formula 1 is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand.

[0061] n12 in Formula 1 is 0, 1, or 2. When n12 is 2, two L.sub.12(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, L.sub.12 in Formula 1 may be a ligand represented by one of Formulae 8-1 to 8-23, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00004## ##STR00005## ##STR00006##

[0063] wherein, in Formulae 8-1 to 8-23,

[0064] “Ph” represents a phenyl group,

[0065] Ph-d5 represents a phenyl group wherein all hydrogen atoms are substituted with deuterium atoms, and

[0066] * and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0067] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, M.sub.1 may be Pt, n11 may be 1, and n12 may be 0, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00007##

[0068] wherein in Formula 1-1, *1, *2, *3, and *4 each indicate a binding site M.sub.1 in Formula 1.

[0069] In Formula 1-1, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 are each independently C or N.

[0070] A bond between X.sub.1 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.2 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.3 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, and a bond between X.sub.4 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1 are each independently a covalent bond or a coordinate bond.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, two of a bond between X.sub.1 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.2 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.3 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, and a bond between X.sub.4 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1 may each be a coordinate bond, and the other two of a bond between X.sub.1 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.2 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, a bond between X.sub.3 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1, and a bond between X.sub.4 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1 may each be a covalent bond. The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be electrically neutral (i.e., when the anion(s) and cation(s) are balanced the organometallic compound has a net charge of zero).

[0072] In one or more embodiments, a bond between X.sub.1 in Formula 1-1 and M.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be a coordinate bond.

[0073] For example, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 may each be C, X.sub.4 may be N, a bond between X.sub.2 and M.sub.1 and a bond between X.sub.3 and M.sub.1 may each be a covalent bond, and a bond between X.sub.1 and M.sub.1 and a bond between X.sub.4 and M.sub.1 may each be a coordinate bond.

[0074] In Formula 1-1, ring CY.sub.1 to ring CY.sub.4 are each independently a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group.

[0075] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, ring CY.sub.1 to ring CY.sub.4 may each independently be:

[0076] i) a first ring, ii) a second ring, iii) a condensed ring wherein at least two first rings are condensed, iv) a condensed ring wherein at least two second rings are condensed, or v) a condensed ring wherein at least one first ring is condensed with at least one second ring,

[0077] wherein the first ring may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentadiene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a silole group, a borole group, a phosphole group, a germole group, a selenophene group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, an oxadiazole group, an oxatriazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a thiatriazole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an azasilole group, a diazasilole group, or a triazasilole group, and

[0078] wherein the second ring may be an adamantane group, a norbornane group, a norbornene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, an oxazine group, a thiazine group, a dihydropyrazine group, a dihydropyridine group, or a dihydroazasilole group.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, ring CY.sub.1 to ring CY.sub.4 in Formula 1-1 may each independently be: a cyclopentane group, a cyclopentene group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a cyclohexadiene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a thiophene group, a furan group, a borole group, a phosphole group, a germole group, a selenophene group, an indole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophenegroup, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azaindole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzogermole group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluoren-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrrole group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, a benzothiadiazole group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group.

[0080] In one or more embodiments, a1 in Formula 1-1 may not be 0 (i.e., a1 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and ring CY.sub.1 may be represented by one of Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108):

##STR00008## ##STR00009## ##STR00010## ##STR00011## ##STR00012## ##STR00013##

[0081] wherein, in Formulae CY1(1) to CY1(56) and CY1(101) to CY1(108),

[0082] X.sub.1 may be C or N, and X.sub.1 in Formulae CY1(27) to CY1(39) and CY1(101) to CY1(108) may be C,

[0083] X.sub.11 may be O, S, N(R.sub.18), C(R.sub.18)(R.sub.19), or Si(R.sub.18)(R.sub.19), and R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 may each be understood by referring to the description of R.sub.10 provided herein,

[0084] * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1,

[0085] *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.1 in Formula 1-1, and

[0086] *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.4 in Formula 1.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a1 may not be 0 (i.e., a1 may be an integer from 1 to 3), a2 may not be 0 (i.e., a2 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and ring CY.sub.2 may be represented by one of Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15):

##STR00014## ##STR00015##

[0088] wherein, in Formulae CY2(1) to CY2(15),

[0089] X.sub.2 may be C or N,

[0090] X.sub.21 may be O, S, N(R.sub.28), C(R.sub.28)(R.sub.29), or Si(R.sub.28)(R.sub.29), and R.sub.28 and R.sub.29 may each be understood by referring to the description of R.sub.20 provided herein,

[0091] * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1,

[0092] *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.1 in Formula 1-1, and

[0093] *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.2 in Formula 1-1.

[0094] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a2 may not be 0 (i.e., a2 may be an integer from 1 to 3), a3 may not be 0 (i.e., a3 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and ring CY.sub.3 may be a group represented by Formula CY3-A or Formula CY3-B:

##STR00016##

[0095] wherein, in Formulae CY3-A and CY3-B,

[0096] X.sub.3 and ring CY.sub.3 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of X.sub.3 and ring CY.sub.3 provided herein, and

[0097] Y.sub.31 and Y.sub.33 may each independently be C or N, and Y.sub.32 may be O, S, N, C, or Si.

[0098] In Formula CY3-A, a bond between X.sub.3 and Y.sub.33, a bond between X.sub.3 and Y.sub.32, and a bond between Y.sub.32 and Y.sub.31 may each be a chemical bond (e.g., a single bond or a double bond), and in Formula CY3-B, a bond between X.sub.3 and Y.sub.31 and a bond between X.sub.3 and Y.sub.33 may each be a chemical bond (e.g, a single bond or a double bond),

[0099] * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1,

[0100] *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.2 in Formula 1-1, and

[0101] *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.3 in Formula 1.

[0102] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a2 may not be 0, a3 may not be 0, and ring CY.sub.3 may be represented by one of Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(101) to CY3(122):

##STR00017## ##STR00018## ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021##

[0103] wherein, in Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(12) and CY3(101) to CY3(122),

[0104] X.sub.3 may be C or N,

[0105] X.sub.31 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.38), C(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), or Si(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39),

[0106] X.sub.32 may be O, S, N(R.sub.38), C(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), or Si(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), and

[0107] R.sub.38 and R.sub.39 may each be understood by referring to the description of R.sub.30 provided herein,

[0108] * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1,

[0109] *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.2 in Formula 1-1, and

[0110] *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.3 in Formula 1-1.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a2 may not be 0 (i.e., a2 may be an integer from 1 to 3), a3 may not be 0 (i.e., a3 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and a group represented by:

##STR00022##

[0112] may be represented by one of Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-20:

##STR00023## ##STR00024## ##STR00025## ##STR00026##

[0113] wherein, in Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-20,

[0114] X.sub.3 may be C or N,

[0115] X.sub.31 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.38), C(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), or Si(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39),

[0116] X.sub.32 may be O, S, N(R.sub.38), C(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), or Si(R.sub.38)(R.sub.39), and

[0117] R.sub.38 and R.sub.39 may each be understood by referring to the description of R.sub.30 provided herein,

[0118] E.sub.1 may be understood by referring to the description of E.sub.1 provided herein,

[0119] E.sub.1a and E.sub.1b may each be understood by referring to the description of E.sub.1 provided herein, and E.sub.1a and E.sub.1b may be identical to or different from each other,

[0120] * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1,

[0121] *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.2 in Formula 1-1, and

[0122] *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.3 in Formula 1-1.

[0123] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a3 may not be 0 (i.e., a3 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and ring CY.sub.4 may be represented by one of Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(42) and CY4(101) to CY4(111):

##STR00027## ##STR00028## ##STR00029## ##STR00030## ##STR00031## ##STR00032## ##STR00033## ##STR00034##

[0124] wherein, in Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(42) and CY4(101) to CY4(111),

[0125] X.sub.4 may be C or N,

[0126] X.sub.41 may be O, S, N(R.sub.48), C(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), or Si(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49),

[0127] X.sub.42 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.48), C(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), or Si(R.sub.48)(R.sub.49), and

[0128] R.sub.48 and R.sub.49 may each be understood by referring to the description of R.sub.40 provided herein,

[0129] * indicates a binding site to M.sub.1 in Formula 1,

[0130] *′ indicates a binding site to T.sub.3 in Formula 1-1, and

[0131] *″ indicates a binding site to T.sub.4 in Formula 1-1.

[0132] In Formula 1-1, T.sub.1 to T.sub.4 may each independently be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—S(═O).sub.2—*′, *—C(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, *—C(R.sub.50)=*′, *—C(R.sub.50)═C(R.sub.60)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—B(R.sub.50)—*′, *—N(R.sub.50)—*′, *—P(R.sub.5)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, *—P(═O)(R.sub.50)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, wherein R.sub.50 and R.sub.60 are as described in Formula 1-1. It is to be understood that when a1, a2, a3, or a4 is an integer of 2 or greater, than the corresponding group T.sub.1 to T.sub.4 includes 2 or more of the foregoing groups except a single bond.

[0133] In Formula 1-1, a1 to a4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, provided that at least three of a1 to a4 are each independently an integer from 1 to 3. That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have a tetradentate ligand.

[0134] When a1 is 0, T.sub.1 may not be present, when a2 is 0, T.sub.2 may not be present, when a3 is 0, T.sub.3 may not be present, and when a4 is 0, T.sub.4 may not be present.

[0135] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, i) when a1 is 0, a2, a3, and a4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3, ii) when a2 is 0, a1, a3, and a4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3, iii) when a3 is 0, a1, a2, and a4 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3, or iv) when a4 is 0, a1, a2, and a3 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3.

[0136] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a1 may not be 0, and T.sub.1 may be a single bond.

[0137] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a2 may not be 0 (i.e., a2 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and T.sub.2 may be *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, *—B(R.sub.50)—*′, *—N(R.sub.50)—*′, *—P(R.sub.5)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, wherein R.sub.50 and R.sub.60 are as described in Formula 1-1.

[0138] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a3 may not be 0 (i.e., a3 may be an integer from 1 to 3), and T.sub.3 may be a single bond, *—O*′, *—S*′, *—C(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, *—B(R.sub.50)—*′, *—N(R.sub.50)—*′, *—P(R.sub.5)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, or *—Ge(R.sub.50)(R.sub.60)—*′, wherein R.sub.50 and R.sub.60 are as described in Formula 1-1.

[0139] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, a4 may be 0 (i.e., a1, a2, and a3 each independently may be an integer from 1 to 3).

[0140] In Formula 1-1, n1 to n4 may each indicate the number of E.sub.1(s), and n1 to n4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, provided that the sum of n1, n2, n3, and n4 may be 1 or greater. That is, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one group represented by Formula 2.

[0141] For example, in Formula 1-1, the sum of n1, n2, n3, and n4 may be 1.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, n1, n2, and n4 may each be 0, and n3 may be 1.

[0143] In Formula 1-1, E.sub.1 may be a group represented by Formula 2:

##STR00035##

[0144] In Formula 2, ring CY.sub.21 to ring CY.sub.23 may each independently be a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group.

[0145] In one or more embodiments, ring CY.sub.21 to ring CY.sub.23 in Formula 2 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyrene group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentene group, a silole group, a germole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzogermole group, an indolodibenzofuran group, an indolodibenzothiophene group, an indolocarbazole group, an indolofluorene group, an indolodibenzosilole group, or an indolodibenzogermole group.

[0146] In Formula 2, Y.sub.21 may be B, P, P(═O), or N.

[0147] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2, Y.sub.21 may be B or N.

[0148] In Formula 2, K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may each independently be a single bond, B(R.sub.204), N(R.sub.205), O, S, Se, C(═O), or S(═O).sub.2.

[0149] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2,

[0150] i) Y.sub.21 may be B, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may each be O,

[0151] ii) Y.sub.21 may be B, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may each be N(R.sub.205), wherein R.sub.205 is as defined herein,

[0152] iii) Y.sub.21 may be B, at least one of K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may be 0, and at least one of K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may be N(R.sub.205), wherein R.sub.205 is as defined herein,

[0153] iv) Y.sub.21 may be N, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may each be a single bond,

[0154] v) Y.sub.21 may be N, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may each be C(═O), or

[0155] vi) Y.sub.21 may be N, and K.sub.1 to K.sub.3 may each be S(═O).sub.2.

[0156] In Formula 2, m1 to m3 may each independently be 0 or 1, when m1 is 0, K.sub.1 may not be present, when m2 is 0, K.sub.2 may not be present, and when m3 is 0, K.sub.3 may not be present.

[0157] In one or more embodiments, the sum of m1, m2, and m3 may be 2 or 3.

[0158] For example, i) m1, m2, and m3 may each be 1, ii) m1 and m3 may each be 1, and m2 may be 0, iii) m1 and m2 may each be 1, and m3 may be 0, and iv) m2 and m3 may each be 1, and m1 may be 0.

[0159] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1-1, E.sub.1 may be represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-8:

##STR00036## ##STR00037##

[0160] wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-8,

[0161] R.sub.206 and R.sub.207 may each be understood by referring to the description of R.sub.201 provided herein,

[0162] c201 and c206 may each be an integer from 1 to 3,

[0163] c202, c203, and c207 may each be an integer from 1 to 4,

[0164] Y.sub.21, K.sub.1 to K.sub.3, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.203 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Y.sub.21, K.sub.1 to K.sub.3, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.203 provided herein, and

[0165] * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0166] In Formula 1-1 and 2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, R.sub.50, R.sub.60, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.205 re each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9).

[0167] In Formula 1-1, c10, c20, c30, and c40 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10, and in Formula 2, c201 to c203 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10.

[0168] In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, R.sub.50, R.sub.60, and R.sub.201 to R.sub.205 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a nitro group, —SF.sub.5, —CH.sub.3, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-26, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-256, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —Ge(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00038## ##STR00039## ##STR00040## ##STR00041## ##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050## ##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054##

##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059## ##STR00060## ##STR00061## ##STR00062## ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066## ##STR00067## ##STR00068## ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071##

[0169] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9 may each independently be:

[0170] —CH.sub.3, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CD.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CD.sub.2H, —CH.sub.2CDH.sub.2, —CHDCH.sub.3, —CHDCD.sub.2H, —CHDCDH.sub.2, —CHDCD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2CD.sub.2H, or —CD.sub.2CDH.sub.2; or

[0171] an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a phenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, or a phenyl group.

[0172] In Formulae 9-1 to 9-26 and 10-1 to 10-256,

[0173] * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom, and

[0174] “i-Pr” represents an iso-propyl group,

[0175] “t-Bu” represents a t-butyl group,

[0176] “Ph” represents a phenyl group, and

[0177] the term “1-Nph” represents a 1-naphthyl group,

[0178] the term “2-Nph” represents a 2-naphthyl group,

[0179] the term “2-Pyr” represents a 2-pyridyl group,

[0180] the term “3-Pyr” represents a 3-pyridyl group,

[0181] the term “4-Pyr” represents a 4-pyridyl group, and

[0182] the term “TMS” represents a trimethylsilyl group.

[0183] In one embodiment, the organometallic compound may be represented by any one of Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E:

##STR00072## ##STR00073##

[0184] wherein, in Formulae 1-1A and 1-1B, X.sub.1 may be C, and X.sub.2 to X.sub.4 may each independently be C or N,

[0185] in Formulae 1-1C to 1-1E, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4 may each independently be C or N,

[0186] in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15 may each independently be R.sub.10 or E.sub.1, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23 may each independently be R.sub.20 or E.sub.1, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.36 may each independently be R.sub.30 or E.sub.1, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 may each independently be R.sub.40 or E.sub.1,

[0187] in Formulae 1-1A and 1-1E, at least one of Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.36, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 may be E.sub.1,

[0188] in Formulae 1-1B to 1-1D, at least one of Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.13, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.36, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 may be E.sub.1, and

[0189] M.sub.1, T.sub.2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, and E.sub.1 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of M.sub.1, T.sub.2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, and E.sub.1 provided herein.

[0190] In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1A and 1-1E, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15 may each be R.sub.10, and Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.15 may be identical to or different from one another, and, in Formulae 1-1B to 1-1D, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.13 may each be R.sub.10, and Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.13 may be identical to or different from one another.

[0191] In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23 may each be R.sub.20, and Z.sub.21 to Z.sub.23 may be identical to or different from one another.

[0192] In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.33, Z.sub.35, and Z.sub.36 may each be R.sub.30, and Z.sub.31 to Z.sub.33, Z.sub.35, and Z.sub.36 may be identical to or different from one another.

[0193] In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.34 may be E.sub.1.

[0194] In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 1-1A to 1-1E, Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 may each be R.sub.40, and Z.sub.41 to Z.sub.44 may be identical to or different from one another.

[0195] A substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:

[0196] deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;

[0197] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —Ge(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or a combination thereof;

[0198] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —Ge(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or a combination thereof;

[0199] —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —Ge(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), —P(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39); or

[0200] a combination thereof,

[0201] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 are each independently hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0202] In one or more embodiments, the organometallic compound may be one or more of Compounds Pt-1 to Pt-63, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00074## ##STR00075## ##STR00076## ##STR00077## ##STR00078## ##STR00079## ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## ##STR00085## ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## ##STR00089## ##STR00090## ##STR00091##

[0203] The organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include a group represented by Formula 2 as a substituent, and, without withing to be bound to theory, a localized excited state (.sup.3LC) energy of a ligand may be stabilized. Accordingly, a level of contribution of emission from .sup.3LC may increase upon emission of the organometallic compound, and thus an intensity of a second emission peak of an emission spectrum of the organometallic compound may decrease, and accordingly, colorimetric purity may be improved.

[0204] Further, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include the group represented by Formula 2, and thus, intermolecular aggregation may be substantially suppressed. Accordingly, quenching of the organometallic compound may be substantially suppressed, and thus, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may have improved efficiency and lifespan. In addition, the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may include the group represented by Formula 2, and thus, formation of an intermolecular exciplex and excimer formation may be substantially suppressed. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may have improved colorimetric purity.

[0205] A method of synthesizing the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples provided herein.

[0206] The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (electron Volts (eV)), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level (eV), lowest excitation triplet (T1) energy level (eV), of selected organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments and Comparative Compounds C1 and C2 were calculated using a density functional theory (DFT) method of the Gaussian 09 program with molecular structure optimized at the B3LYP level. In addition, the decay time (τ, microseconds (μs)), full width at half maximum (FWHM, nanometers (nm)), and maximum emission wavelength (λ.sub.max, nm) were measured for each of these compounds. The results thereof are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Maximum emission wavelength Compound HOMO LUMO T1 (τ) FWHM (λ.sub.max) No. (eV) (eV) (eV) (μs) (nm) (nm) Pt-1 −4.72 −1.65 2.66 0.58 28 461 Pt-2 −4.67 −1.63 2.68 0.99 27 458 Pt-3 −4.63 −1.62 2.67 0.88 27 459 Pt-4 −4.70 −1.52 2.66 0.54 29 461 Pt-5 −4.65 −1.50 2.70 0.91 27 459 Pt-6 −4.62 −1.50 2.69 0.77 27 456 Pt-7 −4.70 −1.60 2.66 0.57 28 461 Pt-8 −4.65 −1.58 2.69 0.95 26 456 Pt-9 −4.61 −1.57 2.68 0.79 27 457 Pt-25 −4.68 −1.26 2.66 0.54 29 460 Pt-26 −4.66 −1.23 2.66 0.56 28 461 Pt-46 −4.86 −1.68 2.70 1.53 15 455 Pt-47 −4.75 −1.54 2.70 0.76 20 455 Pt-48 −4.66 −1.63 2.60 1.07 50 469 Pt-49 −4.64 −1.50 2.60 1.05 50 470 Pt-50 −4.67 −1.63 2.58 1.16 52 473 Pt-51 −4.65 −1.50 2.57 1.16 53 473 C1 −4.65 −1.22 2.65 0.58 32 461 C2 −4.43 −1.59 1.91 3.72 41 648

##STR00092##

[0207] Referring to the results of Table 1, the organometallic compound according to one or more embodiments was found to have a high T1 energy level and a maximum emission wavelength that is blue-shifted, as compared with Comparative Compound C2. Thus, the organometallic compound may have suitable electrical characteristics for use as an emission layer material, e.g., a blue light-emitting material.

[0208] According to another aspect, an organic light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound described above.

[0209] Since the organic light-emitting device has an organic layer including the organometallic compound, the organic light-emitting device may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, high luminance, high quantum efficiency, and long lifespan.

[0210] As used herein, the expression the “(organic layer) includes at least one organometallic compound” may be construed as meaning the “(organic layer) may include one organometallic compound of Formula 1 or two different organometallic compounds of Formula 1”.

[0211] For example, Compound 1 may only be included in the organic layer as an organometallic compound. In this embodiment, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, Compounds 1 and 2 may be included in the organic layer as organometallic compounds. In this embodiment, Compounds 1 and 2 may both be included in the same layer (for example, both Compounds 1 and 2 may be included in the emission layer).

[0212] In one or more embodiments, the at least one organometallic compound may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device.

[0213] In the emission layer, the at least one organometallic compound may serve as an emitter. In one or more embodiments, an emission layer including the at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may emit phosphorescence produced upon transition of triplet excitons to a ground state of the organometallic compound.

[0214] For example, the emission layer in the organic light-emitting device may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the at least one organometallic compound. The host may be selected from suitable hosts. That is, the organometallic compound may serve as a dopant. The emission layer may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 440 nm to about 480 nm, for example, about 440 nm to about 470 nm.

[0215] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, wherein the host may be chosen from any suitable hosts, the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, and the emission layer may further include a fluorescent dopant. For example, the emission layer may emit fluorescence produced upon transition of triplet excitons of the organometallic compound to the fluorescent dopant.

[0216] The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. Alternatively, the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

[0217] In one or more embodiments, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may include a hole transport region located between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region located between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

[0218] For example, the organometallic compound may be included in at least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region.

Description of FIG. 1

[0219] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments. Hereinafter, a structure of an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

[0220] The organic light-emitting device 10 in FIG. 1 may include a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which may be sequentially layered in this stated order.

[0221] A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or on the second electrode 19. The substrate may be a conventional substrate used in organic light-emitting devices, e.g., a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

[0222] The first electrode 11 may be produced by depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 11. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function for easy hole injection.

[0223] The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be a metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

[0224] The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode 11 may include a triple-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0225] The organic layer 15 may be located on the first electrode 11.

[0226] The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.

[0227] The hole transport region may be located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.

[0228] The hole transport region may include at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or a buffer layer.

[0229] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer only, or a hole transport layer only. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer which are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 11. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer, which are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 11.

[0230] When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.

[0231] When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum-deposition, for example, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature in a range of about 100° C. to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree in a range of about 10.sup.−8 torr to about 10.sup.−3 torr, and at a rate in a range of about 0.01 Angstroms per second (Å/sec) to about 100 Å/sec, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0232] When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a rate in a range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and at a temperature in a range of about 80° C. to 200° C. to facilitate removal of a solvent after the spin coating, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0233] The conditions for forming a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer may be inferred from the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

[0234] The hole transport region may include at least one of 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4′,4″-tris{N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino}-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), R—NPB, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TPD), spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, 4,4′-cyclohexylidene bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC), 4,4′-bis[N,N′-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, or a compound represented by Formula 202:

##STR00093## ##STR00094## ##STR00095## ##STR00096##

[0235] wherein, in Formula 201, Ar.sub.101 and Ar.sub.102 may each independently be a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or a combination thereof.

[0236] In Formula 201, xa and xb may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5. In one or more embodiments, xa and xb may each independently be 0, 1, or 2. In one or more embodiments, xa may be 1, and xb may be 0, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0237] In Formulae 201 and 202, R.sub.101 to R.sub.108, R.sub.111 to R.sub.119, and R.sub.121 to R.sub.124 may each independently be:

[0238] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group (e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, pentyl group, or a hexyl group), or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group (e.g., a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, or a pentoxy group);

[0239] a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylthio group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or a combination thereof; or

[0240] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkylthio group, or a combination thereof.

[0241] In Formula 201, R.sub.109 may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyridinyl group, or a combination thereof.

[0242] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

##STR00097##

[0243] wherein, in Formula 201A, R.sub.101, R.sub.111, R.sub.112, and R.sub.109 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of R.sub.101, R.sub.111, R.sub.112, and R.sub.109 provided herein.

[0244] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may include one of Compounds HT1 to HT20 or a combination thereof:

##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103## ##STR00104##

[0245] The thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Angstroms (Å) to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0246] The hole transport region may include a charge generating material as well as the aforementioned materials, to improve conductive properties of the hole transport region. The charge generating material may be substantially homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

[0247] The charge generating material may include, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a compound containing a cyano group, or a combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, non-limiting examples of the p-dopant include a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ), or F6-TCNNQ; a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide; and a compound containing a cyano group, such as Compound HT-D1 or Compound HT-D2, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00105##

[0248] The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer.

[0249] Without wishing to be limited to theory, the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance depending on a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer to improve the efficiency of an organic light-emitting device.

[0250] The emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, vacuum deposition and coating conditions for forming the emission layer may be generally similar to those conditions for forming a hole injection layer, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound that is used.

[0251] The hole transport region may further include an electron blocking layer. The electron blocking layer may include any suitable known material, e.g., mCP, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00106##

[0252] The thickness of the electron blocking layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in one or more embodiments, about 70 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron blocking layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0253] When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a structure wherein the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and/or the blue emission layer are layered to emit white light. In one or more embodiments, the structure of the emission layer may be different.

[0254] The emission layer may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. For example, the emission layer may include one or more organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1.

[0255] The emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0256] The host may include 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl (TPBi), 3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphth-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN) (also known as “DNA”), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), TCP, mCP, Compound H50, Compound H51, Compound H52, or a combination thereof:

##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109##

[0257] In one or more embodiments, the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301:

##STR00110##

[0258] wherein, in Formula 301, Ar.sub.111 and Ar.sub.112 may each independently be:

[0259] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, or a pyrenylene group; or

[0260] a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, or a pyrenylene group, each substituted with a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a combination thereof.

[0261] In Formula 301, Ar.sub.113 to Ar.sub.116 may each independently be:

[0262] a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, or a pyrenyl group; or

[0263] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, or a pyrenyl group, each substituted with a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a combination thereof.

[0264] In Formula 301, g, h, i, and j may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, for example, 0, 1, or 2.

[0265] In Formula 301, Ar.sub.113 to Ar.sub.116 may each independently be:

[0266] a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group substituted with a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a combination thereof;

[0267] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, or a fluorenyl group;

[0268] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, or a fluorenyl group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a fluorenyl group, or a combination thereof, or

##STR00111##

[0269] but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0270] In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 302:

##STR00112##

[0271] In Formula 302, Ar.sub.122 to Ar.sub.125 may each be understood by referring to the description of Ar.sub.113 in Formula 301.

[0272] In Formula 302, Ar.sub.126 and Ar.sub.127 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, e.g., a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group.

[0273] In Formula 302, k and l may each independently be an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0274] In one or more embodiments, k and l may each be 0, 1, or 2.

[0275] When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a structure wherein the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and/or the blue emission layer are layered to emit white light. In one or more embodiments, the structure of the emission layer may vary.

[0276] When the emission layer includes the host and the dopant, an amount of the dopant may be from a range of about 0.01 parts to about 20 parts by weight based on about 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto. When the amount of the dopant is within this range, light emission without quenching may be realized.

[0277] In one or more embodiments, the organic layer in organic light-emitting device may further include, in addition to the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, a fluorescent dopant.

[0278] In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be a condensed polycyclic compound, a styryl-based compound, or a combination thereof.

[0279] According to one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501:

##STR00113##

[0280] wherein, in Formula 50,

[0281] Ar.sub.501 may be:

[0282] a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a tetracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-18; or

[0283] naphthalene, fluorene, spiro-bifluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, picene, perylene, pentaphene, indenoanthracene, tetracene, bisanthracene, or a group represented by Formulae 501-1 to 501-18, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.501)(Q.sub.502)(Q.sub.503), or a combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.501 to Q.sub.503 may each independently be hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0284] L.sub.501 to L.sub.503 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0285] R.sub.501 and R.sub.502 may each independently be:

[0286] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or

[0287] a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a combination thereof,

[0288] xd1 to xd3 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0289] xd4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0290] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 50,

[0291] Ar.sub.501 may be:

[0292] a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a tetracene group, a bisanthracene group, or a group represented by one of Formulae 501-1 to 501-18; or

[0293] naphthalene, fluorene, spiro-bifluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, picene, perylene, pentaphene, indenoanthracene, tetracene, bisanthracene, or a group represented by Formulae 501-1 to 501-18, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.501)(Q.sub.502)(Q.sub.503), or a combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.501 to Q.sub.503 may each independently be hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkylthio group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group,

[0294] L.sub.501 to L.sub.503 may each be understood by referring to the description of L.sub.21 provided herein,

[0295] xd1 to xd3 may be each independently 0, 1, or 2, and

[0296] xd4 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0297] The fluorescent dopant may include, for example, Compounds FD(1) to FD(16), Compounds FD1 to FD13, or a combination thereof:

##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116## ##STR00117## ##STR00118##

[0298] The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in one or more embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0299] Next, an electron transport region may be formed on the emission layer.

[0300] The electron transport region may include at least one of a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, or an electron injection layer.

[0301] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may have a hole blocking layer/an electron transport layer/an electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/an electron injection layer structure, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.

[0302] The conditions for forming a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer may be inferred based on the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

[0303] When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer, for example, may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00119##

[0304] The thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within any of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0305] The electron transport layer may include at least one of BCP, BPhen, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq.sub.3), bis(8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline)-(4-phenylphenoxy)aluminum (Balq), 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ):

##STR00120##

[0306] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET25, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00121## ##STR00122## ##STR00123## ##STR00124## ##STR00125## ##STR00126## ##STR00127## ##STR00128## ##STR00129##

[0307] The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in one or more embodiments, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0308] The electron transport layer may further include a material containing metal, in addition to the materials described above.

[0309] The material containing metal may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) or Compound ET-D2:

##STR00130##

[0310] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 19.

[0311] The electron injection layer may include at least one of LiQ, LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li.sub.2O, and BaO.

[0312] The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and in one or more embodiments, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0313] The second electrode 19 may be on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be a material with a relatively low work function, such as a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof. Examples of the material for forming the second electrode 19 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (AI), silver (Ag), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In one or more embodiments, ITO or IZO may be used to form a transmissive second electrode 19 to manufacture a top emission light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the second electrode 19 may vary.

[0314] Hereinbefore the organic light-emitting device 10 has been described with reference to FIG. 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0315] According to another aspect, an electronic apparatus includes the organic light-emitting device. Thus, an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device may be provided. The electronic apparatus may include, for example, a display, lighting, a sensor, or the like.

[0316] According to still another aspect, a diagnostic composition includes at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0317] Since the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 provides high luminescence efficiency, the diagnostic efficiency of the diagnostic composition that includes the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be excellent.

[0318] The diagnostic composition may be applied in various ways, such as in a diagnostic kit, a diagnostic reagent, a biosensor, or a biomarker.

General Definitions of Terms

[0319] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group.

[0320] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA.sub.101 (wherein A.sub.101 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group). Examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA.sub.104 (wherein A.sub.104 indicates the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group).

[0321] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a group formed by including at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group.

[0322] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a group formed by including at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethenyl group and a propenyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group.

[0323] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group.

[0324] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group.

[0325] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group.

[0326] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

[0327] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group each include at least two rings, the at least two rings may be fused to each other.

[0328] The term “C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group substituted with at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group. The term “C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.

[0329] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, S, Se, Ge, and B as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group and the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group each include at least two rings, the at least two rings may be fused to each other.

[0330] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkylheteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group substituted with at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group” as used herein refers to a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group substituted with at least one C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group.

[0331] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group” as used herein refers to —OA.sub.102 (wherein A.sub.102 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group). The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group” as used herein refers to —SA.sub.103 (wherein A.sub.103 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group).

[0332] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more condensed rings and only carbon atoms (e.g., the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 8 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0333] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more condensed rings and a heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B, other than carbon atoms (e.g., the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0334] The term “C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group including 5 to 30 carbon atoms only as ring-forming atoms. The C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.

[0335] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to saturated or unsaturated cyclic group including 1 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, and B as ring-forming atoms instead of carbon, and 1-60 carbon atoms. The C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.

[0336] At least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkyl aryl group, the substituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:

[0337] deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group;

[0338] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —Ge(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or a combination thereof;

[0339] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

[0340] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alky aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —Ge(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or a combination thereof;

[0341] —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —Ge(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), —P(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39), , or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39),

[0342] or a combination thereof

[0343] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylthio group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0344] For example, Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 described herein may each independently be:

[0345] —CH.sub.3, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CD.sub.3, —CH.sub.2CD.sub.2H, —CH.sub.2CDH.sub.2, —CHDCH.sub.3, —CHDCD.sub.2H, —CHDCDH.sub.2, —CHDCD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2CD.sub.2H, or —CD.sub.2CDH.sub.2; or

[0346] an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a combination thereof.

[0347] The term “room temperature” as used herein refers to a temperature of about 25° C.

[0348] The terms “a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group” as used herein each refer to a monovalent group having two, three, and four phenyl groups linked via a single bond, respectively.

[0349] Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments will be described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples, however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of B used was identical to an amount of A used based on molar equivalence.

EXAMPLES

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound Pt-4

[0350] ##STR00131## ##STR00132## ##STR00133##

[0351] (1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-4-IM2

[0352] 10.86 grams (g) (20 millimoles (mmols)) of 2-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-9H-carbazole, 15.25 g (30 mmol) of 3,11-di-tert-butyl-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene, 0.90 g (4 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate, 3.28 g (8 mmol) of SPhos, and 8.49 g (40 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 200 milliliters (mL) of 1,4-dioxane/H.sub.2O (4:1), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 16 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and methylene chloride (MC) was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 8.89 g (10.0 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM2 (yield: 50%).

[0353] Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-Mass) (calculated value: 888.42 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=889 g/mol).

[0354] (2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-4-IM1

[0355] 8.89 g (10.0 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM2, 7.56 g (13.0 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.36 g (2.0 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 40 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 1 hour. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and ethyl acetate (EA) was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 10.31 g (8.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM1 (yield: 84%).

[0356] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1077.56 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1077 g/mol).

[0357] (3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-4

[0358] 10.31 g (8.40 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-4-IM1, 3.46 g (9.24 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl.sub.2, and 2.07 g (25.20 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 420 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.31 g (2.60 mmol) of Compound Pt-4 (yield: 31%).

[0359] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1269.53 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1270 g/mol).

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound Pt-6

[0360] ##STR00134## ##STR00135## ##STR00136##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-6-IM2

[0361] 10.98 g (20 mmol) of 2-(3-(tert-butyl)-5-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-9H-carbazole, 15.25 g (30 mmol) of 3,11-di-tert-butyl-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene, 0.90 g (4 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate, 3.28 g (8 mmol) of SPhos, and 8.49 g (40 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 200 mL of 1,4-dioxane/H.sub.2O (4:1), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 16 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and MC was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 10.01 g (11.2 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM2 (yield: 56%).

[0362] LC-Mass (calculated value: 894.47 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=895 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-6-IM1

[0363] 10.01 g (11.2 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM2, 8.51 g (14.56 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.41 g (2.24 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 45 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 1 hour. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 10.44 g (9.63 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM1 (yield: 86%).

[0364] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1083.63 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1083 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-6

[0365] 10.44 g (9.63 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-6-IM1, 3.96 g (10.59 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl.sub.2, and 2.37 g (28.89 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 480 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 4.79 g (3.76 mmol) of Compound Pt-6 (yield: 39%).

[0366] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1275.57 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1276 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound Pt-26

[0367] ##STR00137## ##STR00138## ##STR00139##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-26-IM2

[0368] 10.86 g (20 mmol) of 2-(3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-9H-carbazole, 14.38 g (30 mmol) of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-11-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole, 0.90 g (4 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate, 3.28 g (8 mmol) of SPhos, and 8.49 g (40 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 200 mL of 1,4-dioxane/H.sub.2O (4:1), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 16 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and MC was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 9.63 g (11.2 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-26-IM2 (yield: 56%).

[0369] LC-Mass (calculated value: 859.43 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=860 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-26-IM1

[0370] 9.63 g (11.2 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-26-IM2, 8.50 g (14.56 mmol) of (3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)(mesityl)iodonium triflate, and 0.41 g (2.24 mmol) of copper (II) acetate were mixed with 45 mL of DMF, followed by stirring at a temperature of 100° C. for 1 hour. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and EA was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 11.41 g (9.52 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-26-IM1 (yield: 85%).

[0371] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1048.59 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1048 g/mol)

(3) Synthesis of Compound Pt-26

[0372] 11.41 g (9.52 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-26-IM1, 3.92 g (10.47 mmol) of Pt(COD)Cl.sub.2, and 2.34 g (28.56 mmol) of sodium acetate were mixed with 476 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 3.55 g (2.86 mmol) of Compound Pt-26 (yield: 30%).

[0373] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1240.53 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1241 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound Pt-47

[0374] ##STR00140## ##STR00141##

(1) Synthesis of Intermediate Pt-47-IM1

[0375] 10.42 g (20 mmol) of 9-(4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-2-yl)-6-chloro-2-(3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)-9H-carbazole, 14.38 g (30 mmol) of 2,5-di-tert-butyl-11-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole, 0.90 g (4 mmol) of palladium (II) acetate, 3.28 g (8 mmol) of SPhos, and 8.49 g (40 mmol) of potassium phosphate tribasic were mixed with 200 mL of 1,4-dioxane/H.sub.2O (4:1), followed by stirring at 100° C. for 16 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then, an organic layer extracted using saturated NH.sub.4Cl and MC was dried with anhydrous MgSO.sub.4 and subjected to filtration, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 10.06 g (11.6 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-47-IM1 (yield: 58%).

[0376] LC-Mass (calculated value: 866.44 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=865 g/mol)

(2) Synthesis of Compound Pt-47

[0377] 10.06 g (11.6 mmol) of Intermediate Pt-47-IM1 and 5.48 g (11.6 mmol) of PtCl.sub.2(PhCN).sub.2 were mixed with 580 mL of benzonitrile, followed by stirring at a temperature of 180° C. for 18 hours. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting product was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 4.92 g (4.64 mmol) of Compound Pt-47 (yield: 40%).

[0378] LC-Mass (calculated value: 1059.39 g/mol, measured value: M.sup.+1=1060 g/mol)

Evaluation Example 1: Evaluation of Photoluminescence (PL) Spectrum

[0379] Compound Pt-4, Compound Pt-26, and Comparative Compound C1 were each diluted in toluene at a concentration of 10.sup.−4 molar (M). Then, the PL spectrum of each of the compounds was measured by using an ISC PC1 spectrofluorometer, wherein a xenon lamp is mounted. The results thereof are shown in FIG. 2. The maximum emission wavelength (nm), FWHM (nm), second peak intensity (arbitrary units), and CIE y-coordinate of each compound were obtained from the PL spectrum of each compound. The results thereof are shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Maximum emission Second wavelength FWHM peak CIE y- (nm) (nm) intensity coordinate C1 460 20 0.419 0.140 Pt-4 461 21 0.383 0.137 Pt-26 461 21 0.365 0.129

[0380] Referring to the results of Table 2, Compounds Pt-4 and Pt-26 were each found to have a reduced intensity of the second emission peak and a small CIE y-coordinate, as compared with Comparative Compound C1. Accordingly, the compounds according to one or more embodiments were found to emit deep blue, as compared with the Comparative Compound.

Example 1

[0381] A glass substrate having 500 Å of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (first electrode, anode) deposited thereon was washed with distilled water in the presence of ultrasound waves. Once the washing with distilled water was complete, ultrasound wave washing was performed on the substrate by using isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and methanol in this stated order. Subsequently, the substrate was dried, transferred to a plasma washer, washed for 5 minutes using oxygen plasma, and mounted in a vacuum deposition device.

[0382] Compound HT3 was vacuum-deposited on the ITO electrode of the glass substrate to form a first hole injection layer having a thickness of 3,500 Å, Compound HT-D1 was vacuum-deposited on the first hole injection layer to form a second hole injection layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and TAPC was vacuum-deposited on the second hole injection layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, thereby forming a hole transport region.

[0383] Compound H52 and Compound Pt-4 (10 wt %) were co-deposited on the hole transport region to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

[0384] Compound ET3 was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 250 Å, ET-D1 (Liq) was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 5 Å, and an Al second electrode (a cathode) was formed on the electron injection layer to have a thickness of 1,000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

##STR00142## ##STR00143##

Example 2

[0385] An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound Pt-26 was used instead of Compound Pt-4 to form an emission layer.

Comparative Example 1

[0386] An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound C1 was used instead of Compound Pt-4 to form an emission layer.

Evaluation Example 2: Evaluation of Characteristics of Organic Light-Emitting Device

[0387] The maximum emission wavelength of the EL spectrum, the driving voltage, and the external quantum luminescence efficiency of each of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 were evaluated. The results thereof are shown in Table 3. EL spectra of the manufactured organic light-emitting devices at a luminance of 1,000 candela per square meter (cd/m.sup.2) were measured by using a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A). Then, the maximum emission wavelength (λ.sub.max, nm) was evaluated. A Keithley 2400 current voltmeter and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A) were used in evaluation of driving voltage (relative value, %) and external quantum luminescence efficiency (EQE, relative value, %).

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 External Maximum Driving quantum Dopant emission voltage efficiency Compound wavelength (relative (relative No. (nm) value, %) value, %) Example 1 Pt-4 463  97 107 Example 2 Pt-26 463  96 109 Comparative C1 462 100 100 Example 1

##STR00144##

[0388] Referring to the results of Table 3, the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 and 2 were found to have low driving voltage and high external quantum luminescence efficiency, as compared with the organic light-emitting device of Comparative Example 1.

[0389] As apparent from the foregoing description, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may have high efficiency and improved colorimetric purity.

[0390] It should be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.