High-strength partition top anchor and anchoring system utilizing the same

Abstract

A high-strength partition top anchor and anchoring system is disclosed. The high-strength partition top anchor is a dynamic anchor that provides resistance to wall and deck separation during periods of high lateral forces. The partition top anchor is set within a slip tube embedded within the upper most portion of a partition or masonry wall and interconnected with a channel affixed to an overlying slab or deck structure.

Claims

1. A high-strength anchoring system for protecting a partition or masonry wall from damage inflicted by lateral forces thereupon and maintaining the relationship between an overlying deck or slab and the adjoining masonry wall, the masonry wall having a proximal end and a distal end with respect to the overlying deck or slab, the anchoring system comprising: a slip tube embedded in the proximal end of the masonry wall, the slip tube having an open end disposed at the proximal end of the wall and defining a longitudinal axis passing through the open end; and an anchor comprising a rod member at one end of the anchor movably disposed within the slip tube so as to allow the anchor to slide within the slip tube along and in the direction of the longitudinal axis to protect the masonry wall from damage inflicted by lateral forces, a key member having a distal edge and a proximal edge with respect to the rod member and configured for disposition in the overlying deck at another end of the anchor, and a transition portion between the rod member and the key member, the transition portion extending past the proximal edge of the key member toward the distal edge and being configured to be at least partially disposed within the overlying deck.

2. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the transition portion between the rod member and the key member is configured to be entirely disposed within the overlying deck.

3. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the anchor is formed as one piece of material.

4. The anchoring system of claim 3, wherein the anchor is forged as one piece of material.

5. The anchoring system of claim 3, wherein the anchor is cast as one piece of material.

6. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the transition portion tapers from the proximal edge of the key member toward the distal edge of the key member such that the transition portion gets smaller in width as it extends away from the rod member.

7. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the key member has opposite, flat surfaces, the transition portion extending over at least one of the opposite, flat surfaces, and wherein the key member tapers toward the rod member in the transition portion.

8. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the transition portion comprises at least one notch, the at least one notch receiving a portion of the key member.

9. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the key member includes a recess, the recess receiving the transition portion.

10. The anchoring system of claim 1, wherein the key member comprises a dovetail fitting.

11. The anchoring system of claim 1, further comprising a keyway channel embedded in the overlying deck, the keyway channel having a throat opening at an exterior face of the deck.

12. The anchoring system of claim 11, wherein the key member is disposed in the keyway channel, and the transition portion is at least partially disposed within the keyway channel.

13. A high-strength anchoring system for protecting a partition or masonry wall from damage inflicted by lateral forces thereupon and maintaining the relationship between an overlying deck or slab and the adjoining masonry wall, the anchoring system comprising: a keyway channel embedded in the overlying deck, the keyway channel having a throat opening at an exterior face of the deck; a slip tube embedded in the masonry wall and having an open end disposed opposite the throat opening of the keyway channel, the slip tube defining a longitudinal axis passing through the open end; and an anchor partially disposed in the keyway channel and partially disposed in the slip tube, the anchor comprising a rod member at one end of the anchor movably disposed in the slip tube so as to allow the anchor to slide in the slip tube along and in the direction of the longitudinal axis to protect the masonry wall from damage inflected by lateral forces, a key member disposed in the keyway channel at an opposite end thereof, and a transition portion between the rod member and the key member, the key member having distal edge and a proximal edge with respect to the rod member, the transition portion extending past the proximal edge of the key member toward the distal edge, wherein the entire transition portion is disposed within the keyway channel.

14. The anchoring system of claim 13, wherein the anchor is formed as one piece of material.

15. The anchoring system of claim 14, wherein the anchor is forged as one piece of material.

16. The anchoring system of claim 14, wherein the anchor is cast as one piece of material.

17. The anchoring system of claim 13, wherein the rod member tapers from the proximal edge of the key member toward the distal edge of the key member in the transition portion such that the transition portion gets smaller in width as it extends toward the distal edge of the key member.

18. The anchoring system of claim 13, wherein the key member has opposite, flat surfaces, the transition portion extending over at least one of the opposite, flat surfaces, and wherein the key member tapers toward the rod member in the transition portion.

19. The anchoring system of claim 13, wherein the rod member comprises at least one notch in the transition portion, the at least one notch receiving a portion of the key member.

20. The anchoring system of claim 13, wherein the key member includes a recess in the transition portion, the recess receiving a portion of the rod member.

21. The anchoring system of claim 13 wherein the rod member extends from the transition portion away from the overlying deck in which the keyway channel is embedded.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the following drawings, the same parts in the various views are afforded the same reference designators.

(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a building structure anchored to an overlying slab, the building structure being subjected to high wind lateral forces and showing the effects of the forces on the building structure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a building structure anchored to an overlying slab, the building structure being subjected to high seismic activity and showing the effects of the forces on the building structure;

(4) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the prior art partition top anchor having the rod and dovetail head welded together;

(5) FIG. 3a is a side view of the prior art partition top anchor set within the channel, the welded interconnection between the rod and the dovetail head lie outside the channel, the anchor is set within a slip tube with a foam stopper set therein;

(6) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the disclosed partition top anchor and anchoring system having a partition top anchor inserted within a slip tube set within a masonry wall and secured within a channel secured to an overlying concrete slab;

(7) FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the channel of FIG. 4;

(8) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the partition top anchor of FIG. 4;

(9) FIG. 7 is a side view of the partition top anchor and anchoring system of FIG. 4 with the anchor set within the channel;

(10) FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the partition top anchor and anchoring system of FIG. 4 having a partition top anchor set within a slip tube and the channel, the slip tube having a foam stopper and the channel embedded within the overlying concrete slab, a foam structure is emplaced between the wall and the overlying slab;

(11) FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the partition top anchor and anchoring system of FIG. 4 having two partition top anchors set within slip tubes and the channel, each slip tube having a foam stopper placed therein and the channel affixed to a overlying steel structure, a foam structure is emplaced between the wall and the overlying slab;

(12) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the slip tube of FIG. 4 with the foam stopper placed therein;

(13) FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the slip tube and foam stopper with the partition top anchor set therein;

(14) FIG. 12 is a partial cross section of a building structure anchored to an overlying slab by a one-piece partition top anchor having a transition portion;

(15) FIG. 13 is a perspective of the partition top anchor of FIG. 12;

(16) FIG. 14 is a front elevation thereof;

(17) FIG. 15 is a side elevation thereof;

(18) FIG. 16 is a partial cross section of a building structure anchored to an overlying slab by a partition top anchor having a round rod member and a transition portion;

(19) FIG. 17 is a perspective of the partition top anchor of FIG. 16;

(20) FIG. 18 is a front elevation thereof;

(21) FIG. 19 is a side elevation thereof;

(22) FIG. 20 is a perspective of a partition top anchor with a round rod member and an extended transition portion;

(23) FIG. 21 is a perspective of a partition top anchor with a round rod member and extended transition portion;

(24) FIG. 22 is a perspective of a partition top anchor, including a square rod member;

(25) FIG. 23 is a perspective of a partition top anchor, including a square rod member and an extended transition portion;

(26) FIG. 24 is a perspective of another embodiment of a partition top anchor, including a square rod member and an extended transition portion;

(27) FIG. 25 is a perspective of another embodiment of a partition top anchor, including a rebar rod member;

(28) FIG. 26 is a perspective of another embodiment of a partition top anchor, including a rebar rod member and an extended transition portion;

(29) FIG. 27 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a rebar rod member and an extended transition portion;

(30) FIG. 28 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a threaded rod member;

(31) FIG. 29 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a threaded rod member and an extended transition portion;

(32) FIG. 30 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a threaded rod member and an extended transition portion;

(33) FIG. 31 is a partial cross section of a building structure anchored to an overlying slab by a partition top anchor having a transition portion positioned in a keyway channel embedded in the overlying slab;

(34) FIG. 32 is a perspective of the partition top anchor of FIG. 31;

(35) FIG. 33 is a front elevation thereof, illustrating a recess in a key member of the anchor in phantom;

(36) FIG. 34 is a side elevation thereof;

(37) FIG. 35 is a top plan of the partition top anchor of FIG. 31, illustrating notches in a transition portion of the anchor in phantom;

(38) FIG. 36 is a bottom plan thereof;

(39) FIG. 37 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including an extended transition portion;

(40) FIG. 38 is a front elevation thereof;

(41) FIG. 39 is a top plan thereof;

(42) FIG. 40 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a square rod member;

(43) FIG. 41 is a front elevation thereof;

(44) FIG. 42 is a side elevation thereof;

(45) FIG. 43 is a top plan thereof;

(46) FIG. 44 is a bottom plan thereof;

(47) FIG. 45 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a square rod member and an extended transition portion;

(48) FIG. 46 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a rebar rod member;

(49) FIG. 47 is a front elevation thereof;

(50) FIG. 48 is a side elevation thereof;

(51) FIG. 49 is a top plan thereof;

(52) FIG. 50 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a rebar rod member and an extended transition portion;

(53) FIG. 51 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a threaded rod member;

(54) FIG. 52 is a front elevation thereof;

(55) FIG. 53 is a side elevation thereof;

(56) FIG. 54 is a top plan thereof; and

(57) FIG. 55 is a perspective of a partition top anchor including a threaded rod portion and an extended transition portion.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(58) In the embodiment described herein, the high-strength partition top anchor and anchoring system is designed in accordance with the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530-05/ASCE 5-05/TMS 402-05. In order to comply with the requirements, masonry structures must be designed to resist applicable loads and provide a continuous load path(s) to properly transfer forces.

(59) Buildings require a structural system that is designed to resist high wind and earthquake loads. In particular application to the partition top anchors presented herein, walls must be designed to resist loads, moments and shears applied at intersections with horizontal members. The effects of lateral deflection and translation of members providing lateral support must be considered and devices used to transfer lateral support from members that intersect walls must be designed to resist the forces involved. The disclosed partition top anchors are designed to provide lateral shear resistance at the upper limit of partition or masonry walls. These anchors permit vertical deflection of the overlying slab, without transferring compressive loads to the wall below. The partition top anchors are suitable for construction having steel or concrete roofs and resist dynamic forces capable of blowing, lifting or collapsing such roof. Such forces and their effect on building structures are shown in FIG. 1 (high-winds) and FIG. 2 (seismic).

(60) The prior art anchors and anchoring systems are shown in FIGS. 3 and 3a. The anchor 1 is comprised of two components, a metal rod 2 and a metal dovetail head 3. The dovetail head 3 is welded to the metal rod 2. When installed, the anchor 1 is set within a slip tube 42, having a foam stopper or filler 46 set therein. The slip tube 42 is embedded in a vertical wall structure (not shown) and interconnected with a metal keyway channel 70. The channel 70 is embedded or affixed to an overlying slab or structure (not shown). When set within the slip tube 42 and connected to the channel 70, the anchor rod 2 and portion of the dovetail head 3 welded to the rod 2 sit outside the channel 70. When emplaced within the structure and subjected to high-strength lateral forces, the lateral forces set on the weak interconnection point between the dovetail head 3 and the rod 2, resulting in the failure and separation of the dovetail head 3 and the rod 2. Such separation causes the overlying slab to dislodge from the wall, causing structural damage and resulting safety concerns. The present invention improves on the prior art anchor by modifying the anchor design and refocusing the forces on the high-strength rod and away from the interconnection point.

(61) Referring now to FIGS. 4 through 11, the partition top anchor and anchoring system of this invention is shown and is referred to generally by the number 10. A wall structure 12 is shown having a partition or masonry wall 14 and an overlying deck or slab 18 of concrete or steel components.

(62) For purposes of discussion, the exterior surface 24 of the wall structure 12 contains a horizontal line or x-axis 34 and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis 36. A horizontal line or z-axis 38, normal to the xy-plane, also passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- 34 and y-axes 36. In the discussion which follows, it will be seen that the partition top anchors 40 are constructed to restrict movement interfacially along the z-axis 38 and allow for limited movement along the x-axis 34 and the y-axis 36. The device 10 includes a partition top anchor 40 constructed for insertion within a slip tube 42 embedded in the wall 14 and interconnection with a keyway channel 70 affixed to the deck 18.

(63) The slip tube 42 is embedded in the top of the wall 14 and the vertical joint is then filled with mortar, fully surrounding the exterior of the slip tube 42. The slip tube 42 is a polymeric or other structure capable of maintaining its structure when embedded within the wall 14 and has an open end 44 disposed at the upper most portion of the wall 14. The slip tube has a predetermined diameter. A compressible mat or expansion filler 46 is set within the slip tube 42 at the bottom of the slip tube 42 away from the open end 44. The filler 46 restricts mortar entry into the slip tube 42 and allows for anchor 40 deflection. The anchor 40 is partially disposed within the slip tube 42.

(64) The anchor 40 is constructed from a high-strength material such as galvanized steel, hot dip galvanized steel, stainless steel, or bright basic steel. The anchor 40 includes a rod member 48 that is substantially disposed within the slip tube 42. The rod member 48 has a predetermined diameter. The rod member diameter is in a close fitting functional relationship with the slip tube 42 diameter, allowing the rod member 48 to be vertically adjusted within the slip tube 42 when subjected to lateral forces. The close fitting relationship between the diameter of the rod member 48 and the slip tube 42 diameter restricts anchor 40 movement within the slip tube 42 along the x- 34 and z-axes 38.

(65) The rod member 48 includes an insertion portion 50, set within the slip tube 42 adjacent to the filler 46, and an interconnecting portion 52. A key member 60, having a substantially dovetail shape, is integrally formed with the rod member 48 and has a common longitudinal axis 47 therewith. The key member 60 is partially formed from the rod interconnecting portion 52. The key member 60 insertion member 62 is welded within the interconnecting portion 52, forming a high-strength bond between the rod member 48 and the key member 60.

(66) The key member 60 is configured to be disposed entirely within the keyway channel 70 which is embedded within the overlying deck 18. The keyway channel 70 has a throat opening 72 at the deck 18 exterior face plane. The open end 44 of the slip tube 42 is disposed opposite the throat opening 72. The key member 60 interlocks with the keyway channel 70 and the key member 60 is disposed within the throat opening 72 of the keyway channel 70. The key member 60 is a dovetail fitting having a substantially similar dimension to the keyway channel 70. When the key member 60 is inserted within the keyway channel 70, key member 60 movement is restricted along the y- 36 and z-axis 38 and limited along the x-axis 34.

(67) The anchoring system further includes a compressible foam member 80 set between the deck 18 and the wall 14. The foam member 80 serves to separate the deck 18 and the wall 14 and temper the compressive forces acting on the structure 12.

(68) The presently presented partition top anchor 40 serves to dynamically interconnect the wall 14 and the deck 18. The dynamic nature of the anchor 40 and its ability to vertically adjust during occurrences of high-lateral forces serves to contain the forces and provide a proper load path to restrict structural damage. The use of the dynamic partition top anchor 40 resists tensile forces tending to lift or separate walls and overlying structures, while protecting the top of a partition or masonry wall 14 from damage inflicted by lateral forces thereupon and maintaining the relationship between an overlying deck or slab 18 and the adjoining wall 14.

(69) The present invention improves on the prior art partition top anchors 1 through its novel design that ensures that the key member 60 is completely located within the keyway channel 70. This design ensures that the high lateral forces are focused on the high-strength steel rod member 48 and not the prior art weld point between the rod 2 and the dovetail member 3. The present invention improves the prior art design by reengineering the key member 60 as an integral component of the rod member 48bonding the key member 60 within the rod member 48thereby providing a high-strength welded connection. The present invention provides greater protection against anchor separation during periods of high lateral loads and greater structural strength than the prior art designs.

(70) Referring now to FIGS. 12-15, in another embodiment a partition top anchor 140 is formed as one piece of material. The partition top anchor 140 includes a rod member 148 and a key member 160. The rod member 148 is substantially similar to the rod member 48 as described above. The rod member 148 is configured to be disposed in the slip tube 42 embedded in the partition or masonry wall 14, as described above with reference to rod member 48. The key member 160 is similar to the key member 60 as described above, with the exception that it is formed as one piece of material with the rod member 148. The key member 160 is configured to be disposed in the keyway channel 70 embedded in the overlying deck or slab 18, as described above with reference to key member 60.

(71) The rod member 148 includes an insertion portion 150 configured to be disposed in the slip tube 42 adjacent the filler 46. The key member 160 is opposite the insertion portion 150 of the rod member 148. The one-piece partition top anchor 140 includes a transition portion 192 between the key member 160 and the rod member 148 where the key member and the rod member overlap. The transition portion 192 transitions from the generally constant diameter rod member 148 to the key member 160. Generally, the transition portion 192 tapers to the key member 160. The key member 160 tapers toward the rod member 148 and the transition portion 192. The key member 160 has a generally dovetail shape, as described above with reference to key member 60. As seen in FIG. 12, at least part of the transition portion 192 is disposed within the keyway channel 70 when the anchor 140 is in use. Preferably, the entire transition portion 192 is disposed within the keyway channel 70 when the anchor 140 is in use. Preferably, the entirety of the key member 160 is positioned in the keyway channel 70 when the anchor is in use. However, it is to be understood that a portion of either the transition portion 192 or the key member 160 may be disposed outside of the keyway channel 70 within the scope of the present invention.

(72) The one-piece partition top anchor 140 is formed as one piece of material. The anchor 140 is constructed from a high-strength material, such as galvanized steel, hot dip galvanized steel, stainless steel, bright basic steel, or other suitable material. The anchor 140 can be forged (e.g., hot forged, die forged, cold forged, press forged, etc.). In one embodiment, a length of bar stock is forged to form the key member 160 and transition portion 192 at one end thereof, the remainder of the length of bar stock forming the rod member 148. Alternatively, the one-piece partition top anchor 140 can be cast as one piece of material. It is understood that other configurations and methods of forming the anchor 140 as one piece of material are within the scope of the present invention.

(73) FIGS. 16-30 illustrate additional embodiments of the one-piece partition top anchor. It is understood that any of the embodiments of FIGS. 16-30 can be formed as one piece of material, such as by forging, casting, or other suitable method. In FIGS. 16-19, a one-piece partition top anchor 240 including a rod member 248, a key member 260, and a transition portion 292 is forged as one piece of material from round bar stock. FIG. 20 illustrates an anchor 240 including an extended transition portion 292. The transition portion 292 extends about halfway up the length of the key member 260. In FIG. 21, a transition portion 292 of an anchor 240 extends approximately the full length of the key member 260.

(74) In FIG. 22, a one-piece partition top anchor 340 including a rod member 348, a key member 360, and a transition portion 392 is forged as one piece of material from square bar stock. FIG. 23 illustrates an anchor 340 including an extended transition portion 392. The transition portion 392 extends about halfway up the length of the key member 360. In FIG. 24, a transition portion 392 of an anchor 340 extends approximately the full length of the key member 360. The transition portion 392 does not taper into the key member 360.

(75) As shown in FIG. 25, a one-piece partition top anchor 440 including a key member 460 and a transition portion 492 has a rebar rod member 448. FIG. 26 illustrates an anchor 440 including an extended transition portion 492. The transition portion 492 extends about halfway up the length of the key member 460. In FIG. 27, a transition portion 492 of an anchor 440 extends approximately the full length of the key member 460.

(76) In FIG. 28, the rod member 548 of anchor 540 is threaded. FIG. 29 illustrates an anchor 540 including an extended transition portion 592. The transition portion 592 extends about halfway up the length of the key member 560. In FIG. 30, a transition portion 592 of an anchor 540 extends approximately the full length of the key member 560.

(77) In each of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 12-30, the transition portion of the anchor is at least partially received in the keyway channel 70 when the anchor is in use, and preferably is entirely disposed in the keyway channel during use. As the transition portion begins at a bottom-most location of the key member, preferably the entirety of the key member is positioned in the keyway channel during use of the anchor. However, it is to be understood that a portion of either the transition portion or the key member may be disposed outside of the keyway channel 70 within the scope of the present invention.

(78) FIGS. 31-36 illustrate another embodiment of a partition top anchor 640. The partition top anchor 640 includes a rod member 648 and a key member 660. The rod member 648 is configured to be disposed in the slip tube 42 embedded in the partition or masonry wall 14, as described above with reference to rod member 48. The key member 660 is configured to be disposed in the keyway channel 70 embedded in the overlying deck or slab 18, as described above with reference to key member 60. The key member 660 has a generally dovetail shape.

(79) The anchor 640 includes a transition portion 692 between the key member 660 and the rod member 648. The transition portion 692 is located between the key member 660 and the rod member 648. Referring to FIGS. 34 and 35, the transition portion 692 includes notches 694. The key member 660 includes a recess 696. The key member 660 and rod member 648 are attached in mating engagement such that part of the transition portion 692 is received in the recess 696 of the key member 660, and part of the key member is received in the notches 694 of the transition portion. The key member 660 and rod member 648 may be attached in any suitable manner, such as by press fit, welding, adhesive, or other suitable attachment. The key member 660 can be cast. The rod member 648 can be a length of bar stock that is notched at one end. As illustrated, the rod member 648 can be a length of round bar stock. Alternatively, the key member and the rod member can be cast as one piece of material. As seen in FIG. 31, at least part of the transition portion 692 of the anchor 640 is received in the keyway channel 70 when the anchor is in use. Preferably, the entire transition portion 692 (including the notches 694 and the recess 696) is received in the keyway channel 70 when the anchor 640 is in use. FIG. 37 illustrates an anchor 640 including an extended transition portion 692. The transition portion 692 extends approximately the full length of the key member 660. The transition portion 692 includes notches 694 and the key member 660 includes a recess 696 configured for mating engagement with the notches.

(80) FIGS. 40-44 illustrate additional embodiments of the partition top anchor. In FIGS. 40-44, a partition top anchor 740 includes a rod member 748, a key member 760, and a transition portion 792. The rod member 748 comprises a length of square bar stock. The transition portion 792 includes notches 794. The key member 760 includes a recess 796 configured for mating engagement with the notches 794 of the transition portion 792. FIG. 45 illustrates an anchor 740 including an extended transition portion 792. The transition portion 792 extends approximately the full length of the key member 760.

(81) In FIGS. 46-49, a partition top anchor 840 includes a rod member 848, a key member 860, and a transition portion 892. The rod member 848 comprises a length of rebar. The transition portion 892 includes notches 894. The key member 860 includes a recess 896 configured for mating engagement with the notches 894 of the transition portion 892. FIG. 50 illustrates an anchor 840 including an extended transition portion 892. The transition portion 892 extends approximately the full length of the key member 860.

(82) As shown in FIGS. 51-54, a partition top anchor 940 includes a rod member 948, a key member 960, and a transition portion 992. The rod member 948 comprises a length of threaded rod. The transition portion 992 includes notches 994. The key member 960 includes a recess 996 configured for mating engagement with the notches 994 of the transition portion 992. FIG. 55 illustrates an anchor 940 including an extended transition portion 992. The transition portion 992 extends approximately the full length of the key member 960.

(83) In each of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 31-55, the transition portion of the anchor is at least partially received in the keyway channel 70 when the anchor is in use, and preferably is entirely disposed in the keyway channel during use. As the transition portion begins at a bottom-most location of the key member, preferably the entirety of the key member is positioned in the keyway channel during use of the anchor. It is understood that any of the anchors as described above can be formed as one piece of material (e.g., forged, cast, etc.).

(84) The partition top anchors as described above offer a stronger connection between the overlying deck 18 and the masonry wall 14. The transition portion between the key member and the rod member of each anchor is configured to be positioned partially or entirely within the keyway channel 70 embedded in the overlying deck 18. This configuration protects the weakest part of the anchor by embedding the transition in the overlying deck, thereby providing an advantage over prior art anchoring systems where the connection between the key member and the rod is positioned outside the keyway channel and the overlying deck.

(85) Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirement of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.