HEATING PAINT, SURFACE HEATING DEVICE, AND KIT FOR PRODUCING A SURFACE HEATING DEVICE

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heating paint which can be used to generate a surface heating device on a wall. The invention further relates to a surface heating device which is suitable in particular for heating a room, and also to a kit for producing a surface heating device on a wall. The invention relates, moreover, to uses of the subjects of the invention, especially for producing a surface heating device and, respectively, for heating a room, and to corresponding methods.

Claims

1. A heating paint which comprises at least two conductivity additives and at least one binder, the conductivity additives comprising graphite and carbon black, the binder comprising an electrically nonconductive polymer or an inorganic binder, and the heating paint being free from electrically conductive carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes.

2. The heating paint as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a dispersion medium, which preferably is water.

3. The heating paint as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which further comprises one or more adjuvants, the one or more adjuvants being selected preferably from the group consisting of dispersants, wetting agents, rheological additives, corrosion inhibitors, agents for increasing the scratch resistance, and biocides.

4. A surface heating device for heating a wall, comprising: (a) a heating layer which can be applied to the wall to be heated and comprises at least two conductivity additives and at least one binder, the conductivity additives comprising graphite and carbon black, the binder comprising an electrically nonconductive polymer or an inorganic binder, and the heating layer being free from electrically conductive carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes, (b) two electrically conductive contact elements, which can be or are arranged on the heating layer in such a way that electrical voltage and/or electrical current can be applied to the heating layer, and (e) two transition elements which are or can be mounted to the contact elements, in particular with electrical conduction, each of the two transition elements comprising a retaining element for positively and/or nonpositively securing the transition element on the wall, more particularly in a region of the wall to be heated that does not bear any applied heating layer and any applied contact element.

5. The surface heating device as claimed in claim 4, which further comprises: (c) a control element which comprises a voltage source and a control device for controlling the surface heating device, and (d) two electrical leads, the first electrical lead being connected to one of the terminals of the voltage source, and the second electrical lead being connected to the other terminal of the voltage source, the first transition element connecting the first electrical lead, with electrical conduction, to one of the two electrically conductive contact elements, and the second transition element connecting the second electrical lead, with electrical conduction, to the other of the two electrically conductive contact elements.

6. The surface heating device as claimed in claim 4 or 5, where the two electrically conductive contact elements can be or are arranged on opposite marginal regions of the heating layer.

7. The surface heating device as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the control element comprises an automatic voltage-source switch-off means, the automatic switch-off means being activated, i.e., the voltage source being switched off, preferably when (I) sparks develop on the heating layer or (II) the current flowing through the heating layer deviates from the standard value by at least 1%.

8. The surface heating device as claimed in any of claims 4 to 7, wherein the two electrically conductive contact elements comprise electrically conductive metal strips, more particularly of copper, with preferably each of the two electrically conductive contact elements comprising an adhesive layer, and the overall thickness of the contact elements being preferably not more than 100 m, preferentially not more than 90 m, more preferably not more than 80 m, more preferably not more than 75 m.

9. The surface heating device as claimed in any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the two electrically conductive contact elements are arranged parallel to one another and in particular the distance between their inside edges is 50 to 80 cm, preferably 60 to 75 cm, more preferably 65 to 70 cm.

10. The surface heating device as claimed in any of claims 4 to 9, wherein the heating layer has the shape of a rectangle or parallelogram and in particular has an area of 0.90 to 1.10 m.sup.2, preferably 0.95 to 1.05 m.sup.2.

11. The surface heating device as claimed in any of claims 5 to 10, wherein the control element further comprises a thermostat.

12. A kit for producing a surface heating device on a wall, wherein the kit comprises: (1) a heating paint which comprises at least two conductivity additives and at least one binder, the conductivity additives comprising graphite and carbon black, the binder comprising an electrically nonconductive polymer or an inorganic binder, and the heating paint being free from electrically conductive carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes, (2) at least two electrically conductive contact elements, and (5) at least two transition elements which can be mounted to the contact elements, in particular with electrical conduction, each of the two transition elements comprising at least one retaining element for positively and/or nonpositively securing the transition element on a wall.

13. The kit as claimed in claim 12, which further comprises: (3) a control element which comprises a voltage source and a control device for controlling the surface heating device, and (4) at least two electrical leads.

14. The kit as claimed in claim 13, wherein the control element comprises an automatic voltage-source switch-off means and/or a thermostat.

15. The kit as claimed in any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the two electrically conductive contact elements comprise electrically conductive metal strips, more particularly of copper, with preferably each of the two electrically conductive contact elements comprising an adhesive layer and preferably the overall thickness of the contact elements being not more than 100 m, preferentially not more than 90 m, more preferably not more than 80 m, more preferably not more than 75 m.

16. The use of a heating paint as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 or of a kit as claimed in any of claims 12 to 15 for producing a surface heating device on a wall.

17. The use of a surface heating device as claimed in any of claims 4 to 11 for heating a room or for shielding the room from electromagnetic radiation.

18. A method for producing a surface heating device on a wall, comprising the step of applying a heating paint as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 to the wall.

19. A method for heating a room, comprising the steps of: (i) applying a heating paint as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 to at least one wall of the room that is to be heated, to generate at least one heating layer, and (ii) applying electrical voltage and/or electrical current to the heating layer.

20. The method as claimed in claim 18 or 19, further comprising the steps of: (a) mounting two contact elements for each of the at least one heating layer on the wall to be heated; (b) providing two transition elements which can be mounted to the contact elements, in particular with electrical conduction, for each of the at least one heating layer, each of the two transition elements comprising a retaining element for positively and/or nonpositively securing the transition element on the wall; and (c) producing an electrically conducting connection between the first contact element and the first transition element and also between the second contact element and the second transition element for each of the at least one heating layer; and optionally (d) positively and/or nonpositively securing the transition elements on the wall.

21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the step (a) takes place before the step of applying the heating paint, and the applying of the heating paint comprises an application of the heating paint at least between and to the contact elements, with preferably the only section of the contact elements remaining uncovered by the heating paint being that connected or connectable directly to the transition elements.

22. The method as claimed in any of claims 18 to 21, wherein the applying of the heating paint takes place by means of rolling, spraying, spreading, brushing, knife coating, troweling, printing, or a combination thereof.

Description

[0133] FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view, not true to scale, of the surface heating device (1) of the invention as mounted on a (possibly already primed) wall (2) that is to be heated. This embodiment can be produced by first mounting the two contact elements (4) (e.g., copper strips) on the (possibly already primed) wall that is to be heated (using, for example, an adhesive layer (not shown)). Thereafter the heating layer (3) is generated using the heating paint of the invention, with the heating paint being applied not only between and on the contact elements (4) (which have preferably been precoated with the heating paint) but also beyond the other lengthwise side of the contact elements (4) (i.e., beyond those lengthwise sides of the contact elements (4) that do not construct the space between the contact elements (4)) to the (possibly already primed) wall (2) that is to be heated. As a result, the contact elements (4) on the lengthwise sides are completely surrounded by the heating layer (3). The heating paint is applied preferably (not shown in FIG. 1) to the (possibly already primed) wall (2) that is to be heated, beyond the widthwise side of the contact elements (4), which is not connected to the transition element (7), as well. As a result, the contact elements (4) are also surrounded fully by the heating layer (3) on the widthwise side of the contact elements (4), which is not connected to the transition element (7).

[0134] Furthermore, the surface heating device (1) shown in FIG. 1 comprises a protection and/or compensation layer (5) and also a concluding paint layer (6). In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the protection/compensation layer (5) does not completely surround the heating layer (3). In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the protection/compensation layer (5) may fully surround the heating layer (3).

[0135] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the surface heating device (1) of the invention, with only the heating layer (3) and also the protruding parts of the contact elements (4) being visible, and it indicates exemplary dimensions for the components of the surface heating device (1) of the invention that are shown. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the heating layer (3) fully surrounds the contact elements (4) on the lengthwise sides and on the widthwise side of the contact elements which is not connected or connectable to the transition element. Only the lower section of the contact elements (4), which is directly connected or connectable to the transition elements, is not covered by the heating layer and can be used to connect the transition elements thereto.

[0136] FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the transition element (7) which is electrically connected to the contact element (4) and to the electrical lead (9) and comprises two retaining elements (8) in the form of screws. In this embodiment the retaining elements (8) may be nonpositively secured in the wall that is to be heated, alone or with corresponding additional means (e.g., wall plugs). The connection between the transition element (7) and the electrical lead (9) is of undoable design (in the form of a plug connection).

[0137] FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a surface heating device (1) of the invention with two heating layers (3), which are mounted on two adjacent walls (2) of a room. The total of four contact elements (4) are each connected, with electrical conduction, to a transition element (7), and each transition element is connected, with electrical conduction, to the control element (10) via corresponding electrical leads (9). As shown in FIG. 4, the control element (10) may be mounted in the same room as the heating layers (3). In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the control element (10) may be located elsewhere (e.g., in an adjacent room, in a central switch room or fuse room to which the room that is to be heated is connected, or in a basement). Moreover, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 comprises a thermostat (11) and a temperature sensor (12), whose purpose is to increase the operability and safety of the surface heating device of the invention (on the one hand because simple setting of the desired room temperature is realizable by means of the thermostat (11) and on the other hand because, by means of the temperature sensor (12), it is possible to recognize promptly a disproportionately hot surface heating device (e.g., with a temperature at the heating layer surface of above 50 C.) and to promptly eliminate it (e.g., by activation of an automatic switch-off means)).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0138] 1 surface heating device [0139] 2 wall to be heated [0140] 3 heating layer [0141] 4 contact element [0142] 5 protection/compensation layer [0143] 6 paint layer [0144] 7 transition element [0145] 8 retaining element [0146] 9 electrical lead [0147] 10 control element [0148] 11 thermostat [0149] 12 temperature sensor