Perspective altering display system

Abstract

The perception of a displayed image is altered for viewers moving relative to the position of the display system screen, thereby imparting a sense of three-dimensional immersion in the scene being displayed. A display generator generates a scene having foreground and background elements, and a display screen displaying the scene. A sensor detects the position of a viewer relative to the display screen, and a processor is operative to shift the relative position of the foreground and background elements in the displayed scene as a function of viewer position, such that the viewer's perspective of the scene changes as the viewer moves relative to the display screen. The foreground and background elements may be presented in the form of multiple superimposed graphics planes, and/or a camera may be used to record the scene through panning at sequential angles. The system may be used to implement virtual windows, virtual mirrors and other effects without requiring viewers or users to modify behavior or wear glasses, beacons, etc.

Claims

1. A perspective altering display system, comprising: a display screen for displaying a scene; a sensor for detecting the movement of a viewer relative to the display screen; at least one memory for storing foreground and background imagery associated with the scene; at least one processor interconnected to the memory and the sensor, the processor being operative to receive a signal from the sensor and shift the relative position of the foreground and background imagery in the displayed scene as a function of viewer movement; wherein the foreground imagery is shifted by way of a translation to a greater extent than the background imagery as a viewer moves from side to side relative to the display screens; one or more transducers for producing sounds associated with the scene; and wherein the at least one processor is operative to alter the reproduction of the sounds as a function of viewer movement.

2. The display system of claim 1, wherein: the one or more transducers for producing sounds associated with the scene produce stereo or surround sound; and the sound reproduction is altered as a function of user position, with or without a change in visual perspective.

3. The display system of claim 1, wherein: the scene contains a visual element and the one or more transducers generate a sound associated with that element; and the sound associated with the element is varied as a function of viewer position, whether or not the viewer is looking at the screen.

4. The display system of claim 1, wherein: the scene contains a visual element and the one or more transducers generate a sound associated with that element; and the sound associated with the element is enhanced or attenuated as a function of user position.

5. The display system of claim 4, wherein the sound associated with the element is enhanced as the viewer moves toward the element; and the sound associated with the element diminished as the user moves away from the element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1A shows a viewer having a field of view walking from the right towards the left relative to a display screen (shown as viewed from above);

(2) FIG. 1B is a simplified representation of what the person might see on the display screen according to the invention from the position shown in FIG. 1A;

(3) FIG. 2A shows the person moving to the left, closer to the center of the display screen;

(4) FIG. 2B shows how closer objects have shifted laterally to the greatest degree, as opposed to more distant objects, much as a train passenger would experience while looking out the window of the train as the train moves;

(5) FIG. 3A illustrates how the viewer has moved to the left-most portion of the display;

(6) FIG. 3B shows how close objects have shifted to the extent that they now partially overlap with an object further away;

(7) FIG. 4A depicts the image of a foreground object being gathered by a camera and recorded by a recorder;

(8) FIG. 4B shows mid-range objects being recorded;

(9) FIG. 4C shows distant or background objects are being recorded;

(10) FIG. 5 depicts an alternative technique for implementing perspective alteration according to the invention;

(11) FIG. 6A shows how an infrared CCD (charge-coupled device) camera, preferably with a wide-angle lens, may be used as a sensor according to the invention;

(12) FIG. 6B shows the use of a panning camera;

(13) FIG. 6C depicts three persons generating a composite thermal field on an image sensor;

(14) FIG. 7A illustrates a virtual picture window embodiment, wherein the movement of a viewer causes an outdoor camera to pan back/forth, thereby allowing the viewer to visualize the outdoor scene as if the display were a hole in the wall;

(15) FIG. 7B shows how the invention enables virtual windows on insides walls, which may be useful in homes and businesses such as restaurants, bars and nightclubs;

(16) FIG. 7C shows how the display can function as a virtual mirror; and

(17) FIG. 8 depicts how the virtual mirror embodiment of the invention may be used in bathrooms and dressing rooms.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(18) This invention employs a variety of techniques to provide a unique experience for the viewer of a display, particularly large wall-mounted panels. In the preferred embodiments, the perception of a displayed image is altered for viewers moving relative to the position of the display system screen, thereby imparting a sense of three-dimensional immersion in the scene being displayed.

(19) FIG. 1A shows a viewer 102 having a field of view 104 walking from the right towards the left relative to a display screen 106. One or more sensors 108, which may use visible-light, infrared, ultrasonic, or other modalities described in further detail below, are used to track at least the lateral position of individual 102.

(20) FIG. 1B is a simplified representation of what the person 102 might see on the display screen 106 according to the invention from the position shown in FIG. 1A. Relatively close objects are shown at 115, 116. Less close objects are seen at 114. Somewhat distant objects are shown at 112, and distant objects are shown at 110. Although four relative distances are mentioned, the invention is not limited in this regard, and is applicable to more or fewer such relative distances.

(21) In FIG. 2A, the person 102 has moved to the left, closer to the center of the screen 106. The sensor(s) 108 have detected this movement and, in response, the perspective of the scene has been altered. As shown in FIG. 2B, closer objects have shifted laterally to the greatest degree, followed by objects 114 and 112 in order, much as a train passenger would experience while looking out the window of the train as the train moves. Object 110, being significantly distant, would shift little, if at all.

(22) This process continues in FIG. 3A, where the viewer has moved to the left-most portion of the display. Close object 116 has shifted to the extent that it now partially overlaps with an object further away, and object 115 has begun to move off the screen 106, as shown in FIG. 3B. The ways in which the invention makes this possible will now be described in further detail.

(23) In the preferred embodiment, the invention employs a technique similar to that utilized in animation films: multiple superimposed graphics planes. In FIG. 4A, the image of a foreground object 412 is gathered by camera 402 and recorded by recorder 410. Depending upon the circumstances, a blue or other solid-color background 414 may be used for chroma-keying.

(24) In FIG. 4B, mid range objects 420 are being recorded whereas, in FIG. 4C, distant or background objects are being recorded. Commercially available software packages, or customized software tuned to specific program content, can be utilized to derive the desired material from among multiple subjects representing different focal points, and, once identified, can track the subjects as they change their position and even their orientation. In an alternative approach, multiple cameras, positioned to capture three-dimensional information, may be utilized to derive a three-dimensional array for each frame of motion, thereby allowing the producer to select slices which can be captured as graphics plane images for manipulation by the graphics processor of the instant invention.

(25) The camera(s) may record moving video images for the foreground graphics plane(s), the background graphics plane(s), or any combination thereof. For example, the background graphic plane may be based upon a still picture, while the foreground cameras record motion imagery. In this embodiment, position sensor(s) 108 detect the location of the viewer relative to the screen, and reposition the foreground graphics plane(s) as the viewer moves, thereby conveying to the viewer the impression, for example, that he is looking through a window at an outdoor scene, with, perhaps, a nearer image, such as a tree branch, that the viewer can see around by simply shifting his position relative to the display screen. The tree branch (or other object) may also be moving, as it would in a breeze, for example.

(26) The video source for these graphics planes may include prerecorded material supplied by playback from any recording devices. Other sources include broadcast, satellite, cable, or other programming sources, material delivered over broadband or other telecommunication links, privately recorded material, live video from cameras (including security and monitoring cameras), computer-generated graphics and the like, or any other source of image material. Graphics planes displaying text information may be superimposed over, or under, other graphics planes.

(27) FIG. 5 depicts an alternative technique for implementing perspective alteration according to the invention. Here a camera 502 having at least a pan mount 506 records an actual scene 512 at incremental angles suggested by arrow 508. The view at each angle is recorded by unit 510 for later replay. The number of increments depends upon the desired resolution, room dimensions, and other factors. For example, at a very high resolution, single-degree increments may be recorded through a full 180 degrees. At a lesser resolution, single-degree increments may be recorded across a smaller angle of view, or larger-degree increments may be used at angle of view with or without interpolation to fill in any gaps during replay.

(28) Thus, a variety of novel video applications are enabled by virtue of the invention, such as a simulated window which has a view that is not possible from that position if there were an actual window in that position (i.e., viewing a sunset from an eastern exposure), or a view which is not possible at all (i.e., a winter scene during the summer, or a scene from a different country). These represent a clear improvement over any of the typical light box with photographic transparency or other attempt to simulate a window view with conventional means.

(29) FIG. 7A illustrates a virtual picture window embodiment, wherein the movement of viewer 102, detected by sensors 108, cause outdoor camera 704 on mount 706 to pan back/forth, thereby allowing the viewer 102 to see the outdoor scene 720 through the wall 702 on display 106 using graphics processing system 710. Depending upon the movement of the viewer toward/away from the screen 106, in this and other applicable embodiments the camera 704 may zoom as the viewer comes closer, pan when the user moves away and tilt if the viewer goes up/down, as might be the case on a staircase, for example.

(30) Through the use of distance detection, the display system can provide a three-dimensional effect, by applying modifications to an image as the viewer changes his position. Thus, for example, an image of a painting might capture the artist's intentions when viewed at a distance, while a close-up examination of the video display by the viewer could display the details of the brush strokes as the viewer changed his position relative to the screen.

(31) The invention is not limited to virtual windows through outside walls. As shown in FIG. 7B, the invention enables virtual windows on insides walls, which may be useful in homes and businesses such as restaurants, bars and nightclubs. Similar to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7A, as user 102 moves relative to screen 106, camera 704 pans (or tilts or zooms), enabling the user 102 to see people 730 or other objects through the wall 702.

(32) In still another aspect, the display system can function as a virtual mirror. Such an embodiment is depicted in FIG. 7C, wherein graphics processing system 710 directs the camera 704 to at least pan at an angle A substantially equal to angle B formed by the location of the user and line 722 perpendicular to the plane of display 106. This allows the viewer to see a synthesized reflection depicted by broken line 720, typically including the subject him/herself.

(33) The mirror embodiment of the invention may be used in bathrooms and dressing rooms, as illustrated in FIG. 8. Multiple cameras 802, 804, 806, 808 disposed around the display screen 106 allow the processor unit 812 to construct a three-dimensional image for display on the screen, and the proximity sensing devices may be utilized to create an on-screen image which is representative of what a person should see as he re-positions himself, in three dimensions, about the display screen. It is a simple matter to provide a left-to-right reversed-image, in keeping with the mirror aspect of the invention. A user control 810 allows the user to select a specific camera or cameras to see how others would view them from different perspectives.

(34) In the dressing room/bathroom embodiments of the invention, the camera(s) capturing the image of the viewer may be placed behind a semi-transparent screen allowing better visualization such as eye-level contact to be maintained. One or more video cameras may be provided on a bendable tetheror wireless hookupenabling a user to view hard-to-reach places such as ears, nose, mouth etc. Variable degrees of magnification may be provided, based upon detected distance from a surface being viewed, for example.

(35) In terms of position sensing, the preferred embodiment uses an infrared CCD (charge-coupled device) camera, preferably with a wide-angle lens 206 shown in FIG. 6A. The user 202 generates a thermal image 204, which is focused onto camera array 210 as a spot or group of pixels, allowing the system 220 to know where a person is with no moving parts. Processor 106 can then cause the perspective, depth perception, or other characteristics to change accordingly. If no tilt or zoom functions are provided, a linear sensor may be substituted for a 2D sensor.

(36) As an alternative to a fixed camera with sufficiently wide-angle lens, a panning camera may be used, as shown in FIG. 6B. Here the camera 230 is trained on a subject and, as that subject moves positional information is sensed by pan mount 234 and communicated to alter screen 106 through electronics unit 240. Again, if tilt/zoom functions are provided, the camera 230 may use tilt and/or auto focus to determine other positional aspects of the viewer.

(37) The invention may handle multiple viewers in different ways. These solutions include (1) favoring clusters of potential viewers over singular viewers; (2) favoring moving viewers over stationary viewers; and (3) favoring viewers actually looking at the screen over those looking away. One advantage of the sensor system of FIG. 6A is that clustering is naturally accommodated. In FIG. 6C, three persons 242, 244, 246 generate a composite thermal field 240, which generates a relatively large imprint 251 on sensor 210. In contrast, the narrower thermal field 250 of single person 248 results in a smaller spot 241 on array 210 such that, in this embodiment of the invention, the perspective of persons in the group would be favored.

(38) The approach of FIG. 6A also naturally addresses the favoring of moving viewers over stationary viewers. Referring again to FIG. 6C, if the group consisting of persons 242, 244, 246 were stationary, it would be a straightforward processing task to detect that an individual is moving. In this embodiment of the invention, the moving individual 248 would be preferred over the stationary group.

(39) In all embodiments of the invention, sensing in the visible region of the spectrum may be used instead ofor in concert withIR sensing. This presents advantages and disadvantages. In terms of advantages, visible light sensing may allow a single camera (or cameras) to detect the image and position of the viewer (as in the mirror embodiments). Another advantage is that recognition techniques may be used to determine if a particular person is actually looking at the display in which case that person may be favored over individuals looking away. If multiple persons are looking at the display, other techniques such as clustering and motion favoring may also be used. Perhaps the only disadvantage is that image recognition and other operations require additional processing power, however, that is easily accommodated with modern processors.

(40) In each case, specialized graphics processing provides the management of the graphics planes and any audio material, while processing rules (for exampletake image modification instructions from the position of the closest viewer only) ensure that the system will not be misdirected by movement of viewers that are on the opposite side of the room. Where multiple display systems are in use (as for simulating an array of structural windows), an overall system for management of the displays is utilized, thus providing an integrated, coordinated system of imaging displays. For examplean overall image, larger than the entire display system, may be utilized, or alternative schemes, in which image planes or other data may flow from one display screen to another display screen next to it.

(41) While described herein with reference to flat-panel displays (LED, LCD, Plasma, etc.) the principles disclosed may be applied with suitable results to any number of display technologies currently available or in development today (CRT-type, front or rear projection, Electroluminescence, OLEDs, etc.). Furthermore, adjustments may be applied to the image data to correct for any geometric distortions introduced due to the position of the camera(s) or display unit(s). In addition, alternative embodiments may utilize additional graphics planes to enhance the effect of the display.

(42) In all cases, audio may be included, representing material that may or may not be related to the video images presented on the screen. Thus, the system can serve the function of an enhanced video display terminal, a television viewing screen, a security monitoring system, a video entertainment system, or any other system for which display of graphics material is of value to the viewer.

(43) With further regard to audio, if the system is provided with stereo or surround sound, the sound reproduction may be altered as a function with user position, with or without a change in visual perspective. For example, as an individual walks past the display screen the sound of elements in the scene (i.e., birds, vehicles, etc.) may be varied whether or not the individual is looking at the screen. If the user moves toward the screen, sounds may be enhanced or attenuated. For example, if a viewer moves toward a frog or a bird in the scene, the sounds of that creature may be enhanced, or diminished as the user moves away.