Abstract
A method for erecting a concrete structure by successively casting at least a first casting segment with a first floor slab, a second casting segment with a second floor slab and a third casting segment with a third floor slab includes providing a support column carrying a frame for suspending a formwork therefrom, the support column having a jack for transferring the support column from a retracted position to an extended position and vice versa, supporting the support column, by means of a first support bracket, arranging a second support bracket, at a vertical position between the second and third floor slab, on the support column, activating the jack for transferring the support column from the retracted position to the extended position, supporting the support column, by means of the second support bracket, and activating the jack for transferring the support column from the extended position to the retracted position.
Claims
1. A climbing formwork for erecting a concrete structure with a plurality of casting segments having floor slabs with through-holes formed therein, comprising: a support column with a jack for transferring the support column between a retracted position and an extended position; a frame connected to the support column for suspending a formwork; and a first support bracket attached to the support column, wherein the first support bracket is transferable between a first support position for being supported on one of the floor slabs and a first transport position for being passed through one of the through-holes in the floor slabs, wherein a second support bracket is attached to the support column, the second support bracket being transferable between a second support position for being supported on one of the floor slabs and a second transport position for being passed through one of the through-holes in the floor slabs, the second transport position of the second support bracket being located above the first transport position of the first support bracket and the second support position of the second support bracket being located above the first support position of the first support bracket.
2. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the first support bracket in the first transport position is arranged closer to a center line of the support column than in the first support position.
3. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the first support bracket, in the first support position, is releasably attached to a bearing, the bearing being connected to a lower end of the jack.
4. The climbing formwork of claim 3, wherein the first support bracket, in the first transport position, is releasably attached to the bearing.
5. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the first support bracket in the first transport position is arranged upside-down with respect to the first support position.
6. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the second support bracket, in the second support position, is releasably attached to the support column at one of a plurality of vertically spaced attachment locations.
7. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the second support bracket, in the second support position, is releasably attached to a flange of the support column, the flange having a plurality of vertically spaced attachment openings for securing the second support bracket thereto.
8. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the second transport position is perpendicular to the second support position.
9. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the support column has an attachment member for securing the second support bracket in the second transport position.
10. The climbing formwork of claim 9, wherein the attachment member is an attachment pin.
11. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the first support bracket and/or the second support bracket each has an upper side facing away from the underlying floor slab and a lower side facing the underlying floor slab for support thereon, wherein a radial extension of the upper side of the first and/or second support bracket is less than the radial extension of the lower side of the first or second support bracket, respectively.
12. The climbing formwork of claim 1, wherein the support column comprises a mast with an upper end carrying the frame, wherein the jack is operably connected to the mast for extending or retracting the support column.
13. A climbing formwork for erecting a concrete structure with a plurality of casting segments having floor slabs with through-holes formed therein, comprising: a support column with a jack for transferring the support column between a retracted position and an extended position; a frame connected to the support column for suspending a formwork; a first support bracket attached to the support column; and a first floor frame for supporting the first support bracket on one of the floor slabs adjacent to the through-hole formed therein, wherein the first support bracket is transferable between a first support position for being supported on one of the floor slabs and a first transport position for being passed through one of the through-holes in the floor slabs, and wherein the first floor frame comprises two separate frame parts, the two separate frame parts being L-shaped in top view.
14. The climbing formwork of claim 13, wherein rolls for guiding and horizontally supporting the support column, while being transferred from the retracted position to the extended position or vice versa, are arranged on the first floor frame.
15. A climbing formwork for erecting a concrete structure with a plurality of casting segments having floor slabs with through-holes formed therein, comprising: a support column with a jack for transferring the support column between a retracted position and an extended position; a frame connected to the support column for suspending a formwork; and a first support bracket attached to the support column, wherein the first support bracket comprises a first gravity pawl arranged for being passed through one of the through-holes in the floor slabs and for being supported on the respective floor slab adjacent to the through-hole; and wherein the first gravity pawl is pivotable between a normal position for support on an underlying floor slab of the floor slabs and a temporary position for transport through the through-hole of an overlying floor slab of the floor slabs, wherein the first gravity pawl, by force of gravity, pivots back into its normal position from the temporary position after having passed through the through-hole of the overlying floor slab.
16. The climbing formwork of claim 15, wherein a second support bracket is attached to the support column, the second support bracket being transferable between a second support position for being supported on one of the floor slabs and a second transport position for being passed through one of the through-holes in the floor slabs, the second transport position of the second support bracket being located above the first transport position of the first support bracket and the second support position of the second support bracket being located above the first support position of the first support bracket.
17. The climbing formwork of claim 16, wherein the second support bracket comprises a second gravity pawl.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Embodiments of the disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(2) FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a climbing formwork with an extendible support column for the progressive formation of a concrete structure with a first, second, third and fourth casting segment, in which the climbing formwork is shown in a first stage of repositioning the climbing formwork for preparation of a subsequent casting step.
(3) FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIG. 1 in a second stage of the repositioning operation.
(4) FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in a third stage of the repositioning operation.
(5) FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIGS. 1 to 3 in a fourth stage of the repositioning operation.
(6) FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIGS. 1 to 4 in a fifth stage of the repositioning operation.
(7) FIG. 6 shows detail A of FIG. 1.
(8) FIG. 7 is a top view of Detail A.
(9) FIG. 8 shows detail B of FIG. 1.
(10) FIG. 9 is a top view of Detail B.
(11) FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a detail of the climbing formwork during repositioning (FIG. 2).
(12) FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the detail shown in FIG. 10.
(13) FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of a climbing formwork according to another embodiment of the disclosure with a lower gravity pawl on the lower end of the support column passing through a through-hole in one of the floor slabs of the concrete structure.
(14) FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIG. 12 when the gravity pawl is supported on the floor slab adjacent to the through-hole.
(15) FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the climbing formwork in accordance with FIG. 13.
(16) FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIGS. 12 to 14 with an upper gravity pawl while passing through a through-hole in one of the floor slabs.
(17) FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of the climbing formwork of FIGS. 12 to 15 when the upper gravity pawl is supported on the respective floor slab.
(18) FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the climbing formwork in accordance with FIG. 16.
(19) FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a first application of the climbing formwork.
(20) FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a second application of the climbing formwork.
(21) FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a third application of the climbing formwork.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(22) Referring to FIGS. 1 to 5 of the drawings, a first embodiment of the disclosure relates to a climbing formwork 1 with a (generally vertically extending) support column 2, a frame 3 and formworks 4. In the shown embodiment, frame 3 has a cross-beam 5 from which the formworks (for example sheathings) 4 are suspended (as illustrated by lines 6 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). In this embodiment, a single leg support column 2 is used. Thus, the support column 2 is not rigidly connected to another support column 2 by means other than the frame 3. It is apparent that frame 3 may comprise a number of other known frame components, such as a vertical frame member 7 carrying a working platform 8. As is well known in the prior art, the formworks 4 delimit a cavity 9 for receiving concrete 10 therebetween. Furthermore, anchors 11 may be arranged for holding the formworks 4 together during casting. In the shown example, the climbing formwork 1 is used for constructing a concrete structure 12, for example a high-rise building, with superimposed first casting segment 13, second casting segment 14 and third casting segment 15. In one example, the third casting segment 15 is directly above the second casting segment 14 which itself is directly above the first casting segment 13. However, additional casting segments may be present between the first and second casting segment or between the second and third casting segment (not shown). In this case, the dimensions of the climbing formwork 1 have to be adapted accordingly.
(23) FIG. 1 shows the formation of the third casting segment 15 on top of the first casting segment 13 and the second casting segment 14 that were formed in previous casting steps. In this way, the building 12 is progressively erected in a plurality of distinct casting steps. In the shown example, the first casting segment 13 has a first floor slab 16 and first wall 17. Likewise the second casting segment 14 has a second floor slab 18 and a second wall 19. The third casting segment 15 has a third floor slab 20 and a third wall 21. The first floor slab 16, second floor slab 18 and third floor slab 20 generally extend in horizontal direction, while the first wall 17, second wall 19 and third wall 21 generally extend in vertical direction. However, it is apparent that the first wall 17, second wall 19 and third wall 21 could be inclined, depending on the geometry of the building 12. A first through-hole 22 is formed in the first casting segment 13, a second through-hole 23 is formed in the second casting segment 14 and a third through-hole 24 is formed in the third floor slab 20. The first, second and third through-hole generally extend in horizontal direction. In top view, the first, second and third through hole may be rectangular.
(24) FIG. 1 shows the climbing formwork 1 in a first stage of a climbing operation for moving the climbing formwork 1 upwards by one level for preparation of a subsequent casting step. In FIG. 1, the third casting segment 15 is formed using the formworks 4 suspended from the frame 3 mounted on the support column 2. Furthermore, FIG. 1 schematically shows a formwork member 25 for the floor slab 20. This formwork member 25 is supported from below by means of struts 26. It is apparent to the person skilled in the art that a great variety of other formworks may be present for performing the casting step (not shown).
(25) For bringing the climbing formwork 1 to the next level, the support column 1 is transferrable between a fully retracted position (shown in FIGS. 1 and 5) and a fully extended position (shown in FIG. 3) via intermediate positions (shown in FIGS. 2 and 4). For this purpose, the support column 2 has a mast 27, with an upper end plate 28 for supporting the cross-beam 5 of the frame 3, and a jack 29 attached to the mast 27. The jack 29 is arranged for lifting the mast 27 in a vertical direction. In the shown example, jack 29 comprises a piston 30, operated hydraulically, which is attached to a bearing 31. By activation of the piston 30, the distance between the bearing 31 on the lower end of the support column 2 and the upper end 28 of the support column 2 may be increased or decreased, thereby transferring the support column 2 between the retracted position and the extended position. The climbing formwork 1 further has at least one first support bracket 32, to be attached to the bearing 31 on the lower end of support column 2, and at least one second support bracket 33, to be attached to the mast 27. In the shown example, the climbing formwork 1 has two first support brackets 32 and two second support brackets 33, attached to opposite sides of the support column 2.
(26) Utilizing this climbing formwork 1, a method for the progressive construction of the concrete structure 12 comprises at least the following successive steps, which may be repeated for formation of a plurality of superimposed casting segments:
(27) First, the third casting segment 15 is formed on top of second casting segment 14 from the previous casting step which itself was formed on top of first casting segment 13, as explained before. During casting of the third casting segment 15, the support column 2, by means of the second support bracket 33, is supported on the second floor slab 18 directly adjacent to the second through-hole 23. The first support bracket 32 may or may not assist the support of the support column 2 during casting of the third casting segment 15 (FIG. 1). After formation of the third casting segment 15, the formworks 4 and the formwork member 25 are released from the third casting segment 15.
(28) In the next step, the support column 2, by means of the first support bracket 32, is supported on the first floor slab 16 adjacent to (i.e. neighboring) the first through-hole 22. At this stage, the second support bracket 33 is located between the second floor slab 18 and the third floor slab 20.
(29) In the next step, jack 29 is activated for transferring the support column 2 from the retracted position to the extended position (see FIG. 2). In this way, the mast 27 carrying the frame 3 is moved upwards. The second support bracket 33 is arranged such that it fits through the third through-hole 24 in the third floor slab during the lifting of the mast 27.
(30) In the next step, the support column 2, by means of the second support bracket 33, is supported on the third floor slab 20 adjacent to the third through-hole 24. In this position, the formworks 4 and the formwork member 25 may be brought into casting position for casting a fourth casting segment 54 on top of third casting segment 15.
(31) In the next step, jack 29 is activated such that support column 2 is moved from the extended position to the retracted position. During retraction of the support column 2 the first support bracket 32 is passed through the second through-hole 23 in the second floor slab 18.
(32) In this method, the first support bracket 32 and the second support bracket 33 are transported with the support column 2. It is not required to manually carry first support bracket 32 or second support bracket 33 to the next level when the climbing formwork 1 is moved upwards. For this purpose, the first support bracket 32 and the second support bracket 33 may be temporarily re-arranged for being passed through the first through-hole 22, second through-hole 23 and third through-hole 24, as will be explained below with respect to two exemplary embodiments.
(33) In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, shown in greater detail in FIGS. 6 to 11, the first support bracket 32 may be releasably attached to the support column 2 in a first support position for being supported on the first floor slab 13 adjacent to the first through-hole 22 while the support column 2 is transferred from the retracted position to the extended position (see FIG. 6). In the first support position, the first support bracket 32 is arranged for transferring vertical loads from the support column 2 into the first floor slab 16 (or, in a subsequent stage of the building process, into any of the superimposed floor slabs). In the shown example, bolts 34 are used for securing the first support brackets 32 to the bearing 31 in the first support position. For preparing the retraction of the support column 2, the first support brackets 32 are first removed from the bearing 31 by releasing the bolts 34. The first support brackets 32 are then releasably attached to the support column 2 in a first transport position as shown in FIG. 4. In the first transport position, the first support brackets 32 are closer to a center line of the support column 2 such that the first support brackets 32 fit through the second through-hole 23 when the support column 2 is transferred from the extended position to the retracted position. In the shown example, the first support brackets 32, in the first transport position, are arranged upside-down.
(34) Furthermore, in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 11, the second support brackets 33 are releasably attached to the support column 2 in a second support position for being supported on the third floor slab 20 adjacent to the third through-hole 24 while the support column 2 is transferred from the extended position to the retracted position. In the same fashion, the second support brackets 33 are arranged in the second support position for being supported on the second floor slab 18 during casting of the third casting segment 15. In the second support position, the second support brackets 33 are attached to the support column 2 at one of a plurality of vertically spaced attachment locations 35. For this purpose, the support column 2 has flanges 36, attached to the mast 27 on opposite sides thereof, with vertically spaced attachment openings 37 for securing the second support brackets 33 thereto. The second support brackets 33 have apertures 38 corresponding to the attachment openings 37 of the flanges 36. In the shown example, bolt members 39 are passed through the apertures 38 of the second support brackets 33 and through the attachment openings 37 of the flanges 36 for securing the same in the second support position.
(35) For preparing the extension of the support column 2, the second support brackets 2 are releasably attached to the support column 2 in a second transport position which is arranged for fitting the second support brackets 33 through the third through-hole 24 in the third floor slab 20 (see FIGS. 10, 11). In the shown example, the support column 2 has attachment pins 40 for connection with the apertures 38 of the second support brackets 33. The attachment pins 40 are located above the upper ends of the flanges 36. In the shown example, the second transport position of the second support brackets 33 (see FIGS. 10, 11) is perpendicular to the second support position of the second support brackets 33 (see FIGS. 8, 9).
(36) For transferring the vertical loads from the support column 2, a first floor frame may be arranged adjacent to the first through-hole 22, a second floor frame 41 may be arranged adjacent to the second through-hole 23 and a third floor frame 42 may be arranged adjacent to the third through-hole 24. The first floor frame, second floor frame 41 and third floor frame 42 may be identical. It is possible to use the same floor frame as first floor frame, second floor frame 41 and third floor frame 42. For this purpose, the floor frame may be repositioned in the individual stages of the operation for providing support against the vertical loads from the support column 2. The first floor frame, second floor frame 41 and third floor frame 42 may be made of a metal material. In the shown example, the first floor frame, the second floor frame 41 and the third floor frame 42 each comprises two separate (i.e. individually removable) frame parts 43. The two separately removable frame parts 43 are L-shaped in top view (see FIG. 9 or FIG. 11).
(37) Furthermore, the support column 2, while being transferred from the retracted position to the extended position or vice versa, is guided and horizontally supported. For this purpose, the first floor frame may have a first guide and support member, the second floor frame 41 may have a second guide and support member 44 and the third floor frame 42 may have a third guide and support member 45. In the shown example, said guide and support members each have at least one roll 46 for providing rolling support of the support column 2. Here, each guide and support member has four rolls 46 corresponding to the four sides of the mast 27. In the shown example, adjustment screws 47 are provided for adjusting the position of the guide and support members relative to the mast 27 of the support column 2.
(38) FIGS. 12 to 17 show an alternative embodiment, in which first gravity pawls 48 are used as the first support brackets 32 and in which second gravity pawls 49 are used as the second support brackets 33.
(39) FIG. 12 shows the passage of the first gravity pawls 48 on the bearing 31 of the support column 2 through the second through-hole 23 formed in the second floor slab 18. In this embodiment, it is not required to manually arrange the first support bracket 32 into a transport position beforehand. The first gravity pawls 48, in contact with the second floor slab 18, are pivoted about first horizontal axes 50 such that the first gravity pawls 48 fit through the second through-hole 23 in the second floor slab 18 (see FIG. 12). After the first gravity pawls 48 on the bearing 31 have passed the second through-hole 23, the first gravity pawls 48, by force of gravity, pivot back into their normal position resting on first stops 51 on the bearing 31. The first gravity pawls 48 may then be supported on the second floor slab 18 adjacent to the second through-hole 23 (see FIG. 13).
(40) FIG. 15 shows the passage of the second gravity pawls 49 attached to the mast 27 of the support column 2 through the third through-hole 24 formed in the third floor slab 20. The second gravity pawls 49 have the same construction as the first gravity pawls 48. Thus, the second gravity pawls 49 may pivot sideways about second horizontal axes 52 to allow for passage through the third through-hole 24 (see FIG. 15). Under the influence of gravity, the second gravity pawls 49 then return to their horizontal normal position in abutment with second stops 53 so that the second gravity pawls 49 may be supported on the third floor slab 20 adjacent to the third through-hole 24. In the shown example, each second gravity pawl 49 is supported by a clevis 54 attached to the mast 27 to take account of the higher vertical loads received by the second gravity pawls 49 in comparison to the first gravity pawls 48.
(41) In the second embodiment of FIGS. 12 to 17, the floor frames and the guide and support members are identical to those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 11.
(42) In the construction of buildings 12, a plurality of support columns 2 with first and second support brackets as described above may be used for supporting the frame 3 from which the formworks 4 are suspended. In FIGS. 18 to 20, the support columns 2 and the frame 3 are illustrated schematically.
(43) According to FIGS. 18 to 20, the building 12 as built (seen in top view) has a core 55 with, for example, two rows of shafts 56, which may be elevator shafts. Each level of the building has a floor slab 57 between the two rows of shafts 56.
(44) In the embodiment of FIG. 18, a plurality of support columns 2 are arranged for supporting the frame 3 outside the core 55, in a peripheral region of the building 12. In this way, the frame 3 may superimpose essentially the full horizontal extension of the building 12. In this way, the entire upper floor of the building may be protected during construction. In this application, additional climbing formworks 58 may be provided in the core 55 of the building 12. For example, conventional climbing formworks with two support columns connected to one another, each of which carrying a climbing shoe may be used inside the core 55. In contrast to this, singular support columns 2 are used, which are not directly connected to one another.
(45) In the embodiment of FIG. 19, a plurality of support columns 2 are arranged outside the core 55 for superimposing the core 55 during construction. In this example, the frame 3 for constructing the core 55 is exclusively supported by the support columns 2 outside the core 55. At least four support columns 2, for example six support columns 2, are provided for this purpose. In this way, the core 55 of the building 12 may be free from additional climbing formworks 58.
(46) In the embodiment of FIG. 20, a plurality of support columns 2 are employed for supporting the construction of the floor slab 57 between the two rows of shafts 56 on either side of the floor slab 57. Additional support columns 2 may be arranged outside the core 55.
