Subsea compression system and method

Abstract

A subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system (100) for receiving a hydrocarbon stream from at least one upstream flowline (102, 104) and supplying the hydrocarbon stream to at least one downstream flowline (106, 108) at an increased pressure, wherein the compression system comprises first and second compressor trains (110a, 110b), wherein each compressor train comprises an inlet port (112a, 112b) which is connectable to the at least one upstream flowline (102, 104); an outlet port (114a, 114b) which is connectable to the at least one downstream flowline (106, 108); a conditioning unit (116a, 116b) which is connected to the inlet port via a first flowline (118a, 118b); and a first flow path for the hydrocarbon fluid comprising a compressor (120a, 120b), which compressor is connected to the conditioning unit via a second flowline (122a, 122b) and to the outlet port via a third flowline (124a, 124b), wherein a controllable first valve (126) is arranged in the third flowline of the first compressor train for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the compressor to the outlet port of the first compressor train. A controllable second valve (128) is arranged in the second flowline of the second compressor train for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the conditioning unit to the compressor of the second compressor train. The system further comprises a first cross-over flowline (130) interconnecting the third flowline of the first compressor train upstream of the first valve and the second flowline of the second compressor train downstream of the second valve, wherein a controllable first cross-over valve (132) is arranged in the first cross-over flowline for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the first cross-over flowline.

Claims

1. A subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system for receiving a hydrocarbon stream from at least one upstream flowline and supplying the hydrocarbon stream to at least one downstream flowline at an increased pressure, wherein the compression system comprises: first and second compressor trains, each of which comprises: an inlet port which is connectable to the at least one upstream flowline; an outlet port which is connectable to the at least one downstream flowline; a conditioning unit which is connected to the inlet port via a first flowline; and a first flow path for the hydrocarbon fluid, the first flow path comprising a compressor which is connected to the conditioning unit via a second flowline and to the outlet port via a third flowline; a controllable first valve which is arranged in the third flowline of the first compressor train for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the compressor of the first compressor train to the outlet port of the first compressor train; a controllable second valve which is arranged in the second flowline of the second compressor train for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train to the compressor of the second compressor train; a first cross-over flowline interconnecting the third flowline of the first compressor train upstream of the controllable first valve and the second flowline of the second compressor train downstream of the controllable second valve; and a controllable first cross-over valve which is arranged in the first cross-over flowline for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the first cross-over flowline.

2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: a second cross-over flowline interconnecting the second flowline of the first compressor train and the second flowline of the second compressor train upstream of the second valve; and a controllable second cross-over valve which is arranged in the second cross-over flowline for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the second cross-over flowline.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and second compressor trains comprises an inlet cooler arranged downstream of the conditioning unit and upstream of the compressor.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the second compressor train comprises an inlet cooler arranged downstream of the conditioning unit and upstream of the compressor, wherein the inlet cooler of the second compressor train is arranged downstream of said second valve, and wherein said first cross-over flowline is connected to said second flowline of the second compressor train upstream of the inlet cooler.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein each compressor train further comprises: a second flow path for the hydrocarbon fluid arranged in parallel to said first flow path, the second flow path comprising a pump which is connected to the conditioning unit via a fourth flowline and to the outlet port via a fifth flowline; wherein each conditioning unit comprises a multiphase separator for separating a multiphase hydrocarbon stream received by the conditioning unit into a first sub-stream comprising predominately a gaseous fluid phase and a second sub-stream comprising predominately a liquid fluid phase; wherein said first flow path is configured to receive the first sub-stream from the conditioning unit and the second flow path is configured to receive the second sub-stream from the conditioning unit; and wherein the system further comprises: a controllable third valve which is arranged in the fifth flowline of the first compressor train for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the pump of the first compressor train to the outlet port of the first compressor train; a fourth cross-over flowline interconnecting the fifth flowline of the first compressor train upstream of the controllable third valve and the third flowline of the second compressor train; and a controllable fourth cross-over valve which is arranged in the fourth cross-over flowline for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the fourth cross-over flowline.

6. The system according to claim 5, further comprising: a fifth cross-over flowline interconnecting the fourth flowline of the first compressor train and the fourth flowline of the second compressor train; and a controllable fifth cross-over valve which is arranged in the fifth cross-over flowline for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the fifth cross-over flowline.

7. A method of bringing a subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system from a parallel operating mode to a serial operating mode, the compression system being configured to receive a hydrocarbon stream from at least one upstream flowline and supply the hydrocarbon stream to at least one downstream flowline at an increased pressure, and the compression system comprising: first and second compressor trains, each of which comprises: a conditioning unit which, in said parallel operating mode, receives hydrocarbon fluid from an inlet port connected to the at least one upstream flowline; and a first flow path for the hydrocarbon fluid, the first flow path comprising a compressor which, in said parallel operating mode, receives hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit and supplies hydrocarbon fluid to an outlet port connected to the at least one downstream flowline; wherein the method comprises the steps of: closing a first conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the compressor of the first compressor train to the outlet port of the first compressor train; closing a second conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train to the compressor of the second compressor train; and opening a cross-over conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the compressor of the first compressor train to the compressor of the second compressor train.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein hydrocarbon fluid is supplied to the compressor of the first compressor train from the conditioning unit of the first compressor train but not from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train.

9. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of opening a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train to the compressor of the first compressor train, thus allowing, in the serial operating mode, the conditioning units of the first and second compressor trains to supply hydrocarbon fluid to the compressor of the first compressor train in parallel.

10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of: opening a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train to the compressor of the first compressor train; and closing a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the first compressor train to the compressor of the first compressor train; thus allowing, in the serial operating mode, hydrocarbon fluid to be supplied to the compressor of the first compressor train from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train but not from the conditioning unit of the first compressor train.

11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of, in at least one of said compressor trains, routing the hydrocarbon fluid through an inlet cooler arranged downstream of the conditioning unit and upstream of the compressor.

12. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the step of, in the second compressor train, routing the hydrocarbon fluid through an inlet cooler arranged downstream of the conditioning unit and upstream of the compressor in the second compressor train, wherein the step of closing the second conduit path is performed using a valve in the second conduit path, wherein the inlet cooler of the second compressor train is arranged downstream of said valve, and wherein said cross-over conduit path is connected to said second conduit path of the second compressor train upstream of the inlet cooler.

13. The method according to claim 7, wherein each compressor train comprises a second flow path comprising a pump which, in said parallel operating mode, receives hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit and supplies hydrocarbon fluid to the outlet port, wherein the conditioning unit separates an incoming multiphase hydrocarbon fluid into a first sub-stream comprising predominately a gaseous fluid phase and a second sub-stream comprising predominately a liquid fluid phase, wherein the first sub-stream is routed to the outlet port via the first flow path and the second sub-stream is routed to the outlet port via the second flow path, and wherein the method further comprises the steps of: closing a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the pump of the first compressor train to the outlet port of the first compressor train; and opening a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the pump of the first compressor train to the outlet port of the second compressor train.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the steps of: closing a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the first compressor train to the pump of the first compressor train; and opening a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the first compressor train to the pump of the second compressor train.

15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the steps of: closing a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train to the pump of the second compressor train; and opening a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit of the second compressor train to the pump of the first compressor train.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Following drawings are appended to facilitate the understanding of the invention:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a prior art dry-gas subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system.

(3) FIG. 2 shows a prior art wet-gas subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system.

(4) FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a wet-gas subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system according to the invention.

(5) FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a dry-gas subsea hydrocarbon flow compression system according to the invention.

(6) It should be understood, however, that the drawings are not intended to limit the invention to the subject-matter depicted in the drawings.

(7) In the drawings, like reference numerals have been used to indicate common parts, elements or features unless otherwise explicitly stated or implicitly understood by the context.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a hydrocarbon flow compression system 100 according to the invention. The system 100 receives a hydrocarbon fluid stream from upstream flowlines 102, 104 and supplies the hydrocarbon fluid stream to downstream flowlines 106, 108 at an increased pressure.

(9) The system 100 comprises a first compressor train 110a and a second compressor train 110b. Each compressor train 110a, 110b comprises an inlet port 112a, 112b which is connected to the upstream flowlines 102, 104 for receiving the hydrocarbon fluid from the same. Each compressor train 110a, 110b also comprises an outlet port 114a, 114b which is connected to the downstream flowlines 106, 108 for supplying the hydrocarbon fluid to the same. Each compressor train 110a, 110b further comprises a fluid conditioning unit 116a, 116b which is connected to the inlet port 112a, 112b via a first flowline 118a, 118b, and a compressor 120a, 120b which is connected to the fluid conditioning unit 116a, 116b via a second flowline 122a, 122b and to the outlet port 114a, 114b via a third flowline 124a, 124b.

(10) Consequently, the first flow line 118a, 118b, the fluid conditioning unit 116a, 116b, the second flowline 122a, 122b, the compressor 120a, 120b and the third flowline 124a, 124b provide a flow path for the hydrocarbon fluid through each compressor train 110a, 110b.

(11) Each fluid conditioning unit 116a, 116b comprises a flow conditioning device (FCD) which is configured to condition the liquid/gas mixture of the hydrocarbon fluid such that it complies with the requirements of the compressor 116a, 116b. FCD:s are known as such and will not be described further here. For the purpose of the invention, any prior art FCD can be used in the system shown in FIG. 3 to condition the hydrocarbon fluid such that it complies with the requirements of the compressor 116a, 116b.

(12) Inlet valves 162, 164, 166 are arranged upstream of the inlet ports 112a, 112b to control routing of the hydrocarbon fluid from the upstream flowlines 102, 104 into the different compressor trains 110a, 110b. Inlet valve 164 can alternatively be substituted with a small-bore pipe for equalize pressure between the inlet ports 112a and 112b. Also, outlet valves (not shown) may be arranged downstream of the outlet ports 114a, 114b to control routing of the hydrocarbon fluid from the outlet ports 114a, 114b to the downstream flowlines 106, 108.

(13) A controllable first valve 126 is arranged in the third flowline 124a of the first compressor train 110a for controlling hydrocarbon fluid flow from the compressor 120a to the outlet port 114a. Also, a controllable second valve 128 is arranged in the second flowline 122b of the second compressor train 110b for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the conditioning unit 116b to the compressor 120b.

(14) Furthermore, a first cross-over flowline 130 interconnecting the third flowline 124a of the first compressor train 110a upstream of the first valve 126 and the second flowline 122b of the second compressor train 110b downstream of the second valve 128, and a controllable first cross-over valve 132 is arranged in the first cross-over flowline 130 for controlling hydrocarbon fluid flow through the first cross-over flowline 130.

(15) When the system 100 operates in parallel mode, the first cross-over valve 132 is closed and valves 126 and 128 are open. Consequently, in this operating mode there are two parallel flow paths for the hydrocarbon fluid, i.e. the flow path created through each compressor train 110a, 110b by the first flow line 118a, 118b, the fluid conditioning unit 116a, 116b, the second flowline 122a, 122b, the compressor 120a, 120b and the third flowline 124a, 124b.

(16) When switching from parallel to serial operation mode, the first valve 126 is closed, thus closing the conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the compressor 120a to the outlet port 114a in the first compressor train 110a. Also, the second valve 128 is closed, thus closing the conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the conditioning unit 116b to the compressor 120b in the second compressor train 110b. Furthermore, the first cross-over valve 132 is opened, thus opening a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid from the compressor 120a of the first compressor train 110a to the compressor 120b of the second compressor train 110b.

(17) Consequently, when switching from parallel to serial operating mode, a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid is created through the conditioning unit 116a and the compressor 120a of the first compressor train 110a, and through the compressor 120b of the second compressor train 110b without routing the hydrocarbon fluid through the conditioning unit 116b of the second compressor train 110b.

(18) The system 100 may comprise a second cross-over flowline 134 interconnecting the second flowline 122a of the first compressor train 110a and the second flowline 122b of the second compressor train 110b upstream of the second valve 128, and a controllable second cross-over valve 136 may be arranged in the second cross-over flowline 134 for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the second cross-over flowline 134. This will allow the conditioning units 116a, 116b of the first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b to be operated in parallel also when the system 100 is otherwise operating in serial operating mode, i.e. with the compressors 120a and 120b operating in series (due to valves 126 and 128 being closed and valve 132 being open). In other words, when the second cross-over valve 136 is open, there will be a parallel fluid path for the hydrocarbon fluid through the conditioning units 116a and 116b to the compressor 120a, and thereafter a serial fluid path through the compressors 120a, 120b, thus allowing, in the serial operating mode, the conditioning units 116a, 116b of the first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b to supply hydrocarbon fluid to the compressor 120a of the first compressor train 110a in parallel.

(19) Alternatively, the system may comprise valves (not show) that allow the conditioning unit 116a of the first compressor train 110a to be isolated from the inlet ports 12a, 112b, thus allowing the system, in serial operating mode, to be operated with both conditioning units 116a and 116b in parallel or with only one of the conditioning units 116a, 116b supplying fluid to the compressors 120a, 120b. This will allow any one of the conditioning units 116a, 116b to be disconnected from the fluid path when the system is operated in serial operating mode.

(20) The system 100 may comprise a third cross-over flowline 138 interconnecting the third flowline 124a of the first compressor train 110a downstream of the first valve 126 and the third flowline 124b of the second compressor train 110b, and a controllable third cross-over valve 140 may be arranged in the third cross-over flowline 138 for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the same. This allows a conduit path for the hydrocarbon fluid to be opened from the compressor 120b of the second compressor train 110b to the outlet port 114a of the first compressor train 110a, thus allowing fluid to be routed to the outlet port 114a of the first compressor train 110a also when the system 100 is operating in the serial operation mode, i.e. when valve 126 is closed.

(21) At least one of said first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b may comprises an inlet cooler 142a, 142b arranged downstream of the conditioning unit 116a, 116b and upstream of the compressor 120a, 120b.

(22) If the second compressor train 110b comprises an inlet cooler 142b arranged downstream of the conditioning unit 116b and upstream of the compressor 120b, then the inlet cooler 142b of the second compressor train 110b is advantageously arranged downstream of said second valve 128, and said first cross-over flowline 130 is advantageously connected to said second flowline 122b of the second compressor train 110b upstream of the inlet cooler 142b. In this way, the inlet cooler 142b will be in the fluid path of the hydrocarbon fluid also when the system 100 is operated in the serial operation mode. However, the first cross-over flowline 130 may alternatively be connected to the second flowline 122b downstream of the inlet cooler 142b, in which case the inlet cooler 142b will be in the fluid path of the hydrocarbon fluid only when the system 100 is operated in parallel operation mode.

(23) In addition to arranging inlet coolers 142a, 142b in at least one of said first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b, or as an alternative thereto, at least one of said first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b may comprise at least one of an outlet cooler 144a, 144b arranged downstream of the compressor 120a, 120b; and an anti-surge cooler 146a, 146b arranged in an anti-surge feed-back loop 148a, 148b of the respective compressor 120a, 120b.

(24) FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a dry-gas hydrocarbon flow compression system 100′ according to the invention. The system 100′ comprises the same features as previously discussed with reference to FIG. 3 and like reference numerals have been used to indicate common parts, elements or features unless otherwise stated.

(25) However, the system 100′ of FIG. 4 differs from the system 100 of FIG. 3 in that each compressor train 110a, 110b comprises a second flow path for the hydrocarbon fluid arranged in parallel to said first flow path, which second flow path comprises a pump 150a, 150b which is connected to the conditioning unit 116a, 116b via a fourth flowline 152a, 152b and to the outlet port 114a, 114b via a fifth flowline 154a, 154b. Also, in this embodiment the conditioning unit 116a, 116b in each compressor train 110a, 110b comprises a separator for separating a multiphase hydrocarbon stream received by the conditioning unit 116a, 116b into a first sub-stream comprising predominately a gaseous fluid phase and a second sub-stream comprising predominately a liquid fluid phase. The first flow path, i.e. comprising the compressor 120a, 120b, is configured to receive the first, gaseous sub-stream from the conditioning unit 116a, 116b, and the second flow path, i.e. comprising the pump 150a, 150b, is configured to receive the second, liquid sub-stream from the conditioning unit 116a, 116b. Consequently, the system 100′ is a dry-gas hydrocarbon flow compression system.

(26) Also, a controllable third valve 156 is arranged in the fifth flowline 154a of the first compressor train 110a for controlling hydrocarbon flow from the pump 150a to the outlet port 114a of the first compressor train 110a. Furthermore, the system 100′ comprises a fourth cross-over flowline 158 interconnecting the fifth flowline 154a of the first compressor train 110a upstream of the third valve 156 and the third flowline 124b of the second compressor train 110b, wherein a controllable fourth cross-over valve 160 is arranged in the fourth cross-over flowline 158 for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the fourth cross-over flowline 158.

(27) When operating in parallel mode, cross-over valves 132, 136, 140 and 160 are closed and valves 126, 128 and 156 are open, thus allowing hydrocarbon fluid to flow from the upstream flowlines 102, 104 to the downstream flowlines 106, 108 in parallel in the first and second compressor trains 110a and 110b, wherein, in each compressor train 110a, 110b, the gaseous fraction of the hydrocarbon fluid is boosted in the compressor 120a, 120b and the liquid fraction is boosted in the pump 150a, 150b.

(28) When switching from parallel to serial operational mode, the first and second valves 126, 128 are closed, and the first and second cross-over valves 132, 136 are opened. This will close the conduit paths for the hydrocarbon fluid from the compressor 120a to the outlet port 114a in the first compressor train 110a and from the conditioning unit 116b to the compressor 120b in the second compressor train 110b, and open conduit paths from the compressor 120a of the first compressor train 110a to the compressor 120b of the second compressor train 110b and from the conditioning unit 116b of the second compressor train 110b to the compressor 120a of the first compressor train 110a.

(29) The positions (open or closed) of the third valve 156 and the fourth cross-over valve 160 will decide which of the downstream flowlines 106, 108 will receive the liquid from the pump 150a in the first compressor train 110a, and the position of the third cross-over valve 140 will decide whether the gas output from the system will be disposed in a single flowline 114b or if the gas will be shared between flowlines 114a and 114b.

(30) The system 100′ may comprise a fifth cross-over flowline 168 interconnecting flowlines 152a and 152b, wherein a controllable fifth cross-over valve 170 may be arranged in the fifth cross-over flowline for controlling hydrocarbon flow through the same. Also, a pump isolation valve (not shown) may be arranged immediately upstream of each pump 150a and 150b. This will allow the liquid fraction of the fluid emerging from the separator of conditioning unit 116a to be led to pump 150b, and the fluid emerging from the separator of conditioning unit 116b to be led to pump 150a, thus allowing anyone of pumps 150a and 150b to be disconnected from the fluid path.

(31) In the same way as the system 100 discussed with reference to FIG. 3, at least one of said first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b may comprises an inlet cooler 142a, 142b arranged downstream of the conditioning unit 116a, 116b and upstream of the compressor 120a, 120b.

(32) However, if the system 100′ comprises such an inlet cooler 142a, 142b, some liquid may condense in the cooler 142a, 142b and enter the compressor 120a, 120b. Consequently, for such an arrangement the compressor 120a, 120b should preferably be tolerant of liquid, i.e. be able to handle that at least some liquid is present in the incoming fluid stream.

(33) In addition or as an alternative to said inlet coolers 142a, 142b, at least one of said first and second compressor trains 110a, 110b may comprise at least one of an outlet cooler 144a, 144b arranged downstream of the compressor 120a, 120b; and an anti-surge cooler 146a, 146b arranged in an anti-surge feed-back loop 148a, 148b of the respective compressor 120a, 120b.

(34) In serial operation mode, some liquid may condense in the outlet cooler 144a of the first compressor train 110a (if present) and/or in the inlet cooler 142b of the second compressor trains 110b (if present). Consequently, in such an arrangement the compressor 120b of the second compressors train 110b should preferably be tolerant of liquid, i.e. be able to handle that at least some liquid is present in the incoming fluid stream.

(35) In the preceding description, various aspects of the system and method according to the invention have been described with reference to the illustrative embodiments. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, systems and configurations were set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the system and its workings. However, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and variations of the illustrative embodiment, as well as other embodiments of the system and method, which are apparent to person skilled in the art to which the disclosed subject-matter pertains, are deemed to lie within the scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.