METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION

Abstract

A method and apparatus according to the method for producing nuclear energy comprising a container (13) converting the material into a second with atomic reaction and transforming it into a reaction product comprising heat, particles, neutrino and/or electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic radiation (2) relevant to material under the nuclear reaction transferring a single quantum maximum energy of 500 electron volts the radiation clement (12) for transferring energy to the material to be transformed that the targeting of the reaction products of the container to the radiation element is controlled by separating the container and the radiation element from each other. More than 1 nm sized microstructural (5) storage modes are used generating a coherent electromagnetic emission pulse (8) emitted by exciton polaritons vibration forms (7) for achive nuclear reactions to the necessary energy levels. A heat-utilizing apparatus such as a thermal power engine or thermoelectric generator, a radiation-utilizing apparatus, a apparatus for moving the object, and an industrial or power plant utilizing a method or a apparatus according to the method.

Claims

1-42. (canceled)

43. A method for producing nuclear reaction, which comprises: a) providing a long wave electromagnetic energy via an energy source; b) charging an energy storage material with energy from said energy source; c) releasing said energy from the energy storage material into an energy absorbing reacting material; d) nuclearly reacting the reacting material.

44. The method of claim 43 wherein the energy source comprises a remote energy source.

45. The method of claim 43 wherein the energy source comprises an electromagnetic radiation source.

46. The method of claim 44 wherein the remote energy source comprises an electromagnetic radiation source.

47. The method of claim 43 wherein the energy storage material is connected to an energy absorbing and/or receiving structure.

48. The method of claim 44 wherein the energy storage material is connected to an energy absorbing and/or receiving structure.

49. The method of claim 47 wherein the energy absorbing and/or receiving structure comprises a superatomic scale substructures.

50. The method of claim 48 wherein the energy absorbing and/or receiving structure comprises a superatomic scale substructures.

51. The method of claim 49 wherein the superatomic scale substructure comprises an exciton polariton structure.

52. The method of claim 50 wherein the superatomic scale substructure comprises an exciton polariton structure.

53. The method claim 43 wherein the stored energy is released due to a energy releasing trigger.

54. The method of claim 53 wherein the stored energy releasing trigger is a perturbation of the energy storage material.

55. The method of claim 54 wherein the perturbation is a magnetic and/or electric field perturbation.

56. The method of claim 43 wherein the nuclear reaction is a fission reaction or a fusion reaction.

57. The method of claim 43 wherein the energy storage material is connected to an energy processing macro structure.

58. The method of claim 57 wherein the energy processing macro structure comprises an energy focusing/directing/filtering macro structure.

59. The method of claim 58 wherein the energy focusing, directing, filtering macro structure comprises a protuberance, pit, cavity or tubular structure.

60. The method of any of claim 43 wherein all or part of the energy is released as a pulse.

61. The method of claim 60 wherein the energy is in the form of long wave and/or short wave electromagnetic radiation.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein the electromagnetic radiation comprises coherent electromagnetic radiation.

63. The method of claim 43 wherein the long wave electromagnetic energy from the energy source is processed before being absorbed into the energy storage material.

64. The method of claim 63 wherein the processing comprises focusing, directing, filtering and/or converting.

65. The method of claim 64 wherein the processing is controlled.

66. The method of claim 55 wherein the processing is controlled.

67. The method of claim 43 wherein the nuclear reaction is used for generating heat, radiation and/or particles and/or transmutate materials.

68. An apparatus for producing nuclear reaction, which comprises: a) a means for providing a long wave electromagnetic energy; b) an energy storage material; c) a means for triggering the release of said energy from the energy storage material; d) an energy absorbing reacting material;

69. The apparatus according to claim 68 or utilizing the method of claim 1 further comprising a means for utilizing heat energy and/or particles and/or radiation from a nuclear reaction and/or transmutate material.

70. The apparatus of claim 68 wherein the energy source comprises a remote energy source.

71. The apparatus of claim 68 wherein the energy source comprises an electromagnetic radiation source.

72. The apparatus of claim 68 wherein the energy storage material is connected to an energy absorbing and/or receiving structure.

73. The apparatus of claim 72 wherein the energy absorbing structure comprises one or more superatomic scale substructures.

74. The apparatus of claim 73 wherein the superatomic scale substructure comprises an exciton polariton structure.

75. The apparatus of claim 68 wherein the means of triggering the release of stored energy comprises a change in magnetic and/or electric field.

76. The apparatus of claim 68 wherein the nuclear reaction is a fission reaction or a fusion reaction.

77. The apparatus of claim 68 further comprising a focusing, directing and/or filtering macrostructure.

78. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the energy focusing/directing/filtering macro structure comprises a protrusion, pit, cavity or tubular structure.

79. The apparatus of claim 68 wherein all or part of the energy is released from the energy storage material as a pulse.

80. The apparatus of claim 37 further comprising a means for generating the energy pulse in the form of long wave and/or short wave electromagnetic radiation.

81. The apparatus of claim 80 wherein the means for generating the energy pulse of electromagnetic radiation comprises means for forming coherent electromagnetic radiation.

82. The apparatus of claim 68 further comprising means for controlling the processing.

83. The apparatus of claim 68 further comprising means to process the long wave electromagnetic energy from the energy source before reaching the energy storage material.

84. The apparatus of claim 83 wherein the processing of the long wave electromagnetic energy from the energy source comprises means for focusing, directing, filtering and/or converting.

85. The apparatus of claim 68, characterized in that the heat and/or radiation utilizing apparatus comprises a heat engine or thermoelectric generator and/or charged radiation are directly converted to electricity.

86. The apparatus utilizing method claim 43 for powering a device, moving on object and/or providing power to an energy grid, energy storage or production facility.

Description

EXPLANATIONS OF THE DESCRIPTIONS USED IN THE APPLICATION

[0231] Atomic reaction refers to reactions at the nucleus core, which may include, but are not limited to, atomic nuclei fusion to a heavier atomic nucleus, degradation of atomic nucleus into two or more lighter atomic nuclei, particle pair generated near atomic nucleus, mutation of nuclei protons or neutrons, some of them leaving the nucleus. In this application, the atomic reaction does not include electron movements in the electron shell, whose reactions are characterized by a lower level of energy than the nuclear reactions.

[0232] Particles in this application refer to parts of the atom which are coming from atomic reactions. They can be proton, electron, positron, neutron, alfa particles.

[0233] Radiation in this application refers to electromagnetic radiation, neutrino radiation, particle radiation. Particle radiation consists of the aforementioned particles when they have a substantial amount of kinetic energy.

[0234] Problems in current technology. There is no known working method for producing a fusion reaction at relatively low temperatures.

[0235] There are some devices that can be expected to work utilizing the fusion-type nuclear reactions mentioned in this application (E-cat). They have the disadvantage of escaping the reactions of the device as a result the warming of the device and the consequent problem increase in unit size. There is not known energy-efficient material production method from energy at the low energy level of an individual quantum.

[0236] Container: An arbitrary form that is able to hold the matter inside or in itself.

[0237] Material to be converted: An element selected from the elemental cyclic system with a sequence number ranging from 1 to 83 can also be a blend or compound between the elements in that interval. It can also be a particle, alone or in combination with elements 1-83.

[0238] Radiation element: Electromagnetic radiation-transmitting system, such as glowing material, phosphor, optical semiconductor, low-power laser device.

[0239] Structures/Shapes/Proportions in the Vicinity of the Material to be Converted

[0240] Mainly in the visible light and adjacent area working, structure as shown in FIG. 2, which is shrunk to a smaller some parts than the light wavelength used and the phenomena occurring therein must be explained as the surface phenomena of the electric conductor and the light. The shape works as a excition energy storage that is loaded with light, electromagnetic radiation from the reaction, and or charged particles. Exciton vibration forms may possibly form a BSE condensate in some situations. The energy of a fully charged form can be discharged by varying the magnetic field, with short-wave electromagnetic radiation (UV) that is directed into the form in an electromagnetic form. When the energy is discharged it forms a very powerful and short-term coherent electromagnetic radiation pulse capable of producing the energy levels necessary for atomic reactions.

[0241] From radiation element electromagnetic radiation reflective concentrator system