ACTIVE COMPOUND COMBINATIONS COMPRISING FATTY ACIDS

Abstract

The present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a pesticide composition, which comprise as compound (a) one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof selected from unsaturated and saturated C.sub.12-24 fatty acids, salts thereof, esters thereof or mixtures of any of the foregoing and as compound (b) at least one further pesticidally active agent. Moreover, the invention relates to pest control compositions comprising such compound combination and to the use of the compound combinations and the pest control compositions for control of insects, nematodes or mites in crop protection and in the protection of industrial materials.

Claims

1. An active compound combination comprising (a) one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof selected from unsaturated and saturated C12-24 fatty acids, salts thereof, esters thereof or mixtures of any of the foregoing; and (b) at least one further pesticidally active agent.

2. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein said one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof are selected from unsaturated and saturated C.sub.14-20 fatty acids, salts thereof, esters thereof or mixtures of any of the foregoing.

3. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof comprises two or more fatty acids selected from C16:0 fatty acids, C16:1 fatty acids, C18:0 fatty acid, C18:1 fatty acids, C18:2 fatty acids, and C18:3 fatty acids, or salts thereof.

4. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof comprises oleic acid or a salt thereof.

5. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof comprise one or more metal salts of fatty acids, which one or more metal salts of fatty acids are obtainable by a process comprising (a) Providing a vegetable oil, preferably olive oil; (b) Hydrolyzing triglycerides in the vegetable oil; (c) Extracting fatty acids from the hydrolyzed vegetable oil; and (d) Forming the metal salts of the extracted fatty acids.

6. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid derivatives are alkali metal salts of fatty acids, preferably potassium salts of fatty acids.

7. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein said fatty acid derivatives are salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, copper iron or zinc or a mixture thereof.

8. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein component a) is a potassium salt of one or more fatty acid.

9. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the pesticidally active agent is selected from the group consisting of (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, (3) Sodium channel modulators, (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, (7) Juvenile hormone mimics, (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, (9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, (10) Mite growth inhibitors, (11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane, (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, (13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, (15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, (16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, (17) Moulting disruptors, (18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, (19) Octopamine receptor agonists, (20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, (22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, (23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, (24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, (25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, (26) Ryanodine receptor modulators, (27) Chordotonal organ modulators, and (28) further active compounds.

10. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein said pesticidally active agent is selected from the group consisting of (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors which are carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion; (2) GAB A-gated chloride channel blockers which are cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil; (3) Sodium channel modulators which are pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer)], tralomethrin and transfluthrin, or DDT or methoxychlor; (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators which are neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim; (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators which are spinosyns selected from spinetoram and Spinosad; (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators which are avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin; (7) Juvenile hormone mimics which are juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen; (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors which are alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam; (9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone; (10) Mite growth inhibitors selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole; (11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and pesticidally active proteins; (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase which are ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon; (13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid; (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium; (15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron; (16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 selected from buprofezin; (17) Moulting disruptor (in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans) selected from cyromazine; (18) Ecdysone receptor agonists selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; (19) Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz; (20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl and fluacrypyrim; (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors which are METI acaricides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris); (22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers selected from indoxacarb and metaflumizone; (23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat; (24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors which are phosphines selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide; (25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors which are beta-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide; (26) Ryanodine receptor modulators which are diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide; (27) Chordotonal organ Modulators (with undefined target site) selected from flonicamid; (28) further active compounds selected from Acynonapyr, Afidopyropen, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Benzpyrimoxan, Bifenazate, Broflanilide, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclaniliprole, Cycloxaprid, Cyhalodiamide, Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropyridaz, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fluxametamide, Fufenozide, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Isocycloseram, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Lotilaner, Meperfluthrin, Oxazosulfyl, Paichongding, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyriminostrobin, Spirobudiclofen, Spiropidion, Tetramethylfluthrin, Tetraniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tigolaner, Tioxazafen, Thiofluoximate iodomethane; Bacillus firmus, in particular strainI-1582, 1-12-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) sulphinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5- amine, {1′-R2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indol-3,4′-piperidin]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone, 2-chloro-N-12-11-1(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate, 4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine, PF1364 (known from JP2010/018586), (3E)-341-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one, N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide, N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide and (−)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4- [(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-Pyrazole-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine; (2E)-and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide; 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester; (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl) [4- [(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester; 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-, 1- [N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose; 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, (8-anti)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1]octane, (8- syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propanamide and N-}4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-}}4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]-pyrimidine, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro}4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro}4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-carbonic acid ethyl ester, 4- R5S)-5-(3,5-Dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolidinyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro}4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one, 2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- RR)-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one, 1,4-dimethyl-2-}2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione and a terpene blend comprising as active ingredients substantially pure α-terpinene, substantially pure p-cymene and substantially pure limonene in a relative ratio of about 35-45:12-20:10-15.

11. (canceled)

12. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the pesticidally active agent is a biological control agent selected from the group consisting of (C1) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain AB TS-1857; Bacillus mycoides, isolate J; Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123, IL; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain H-7; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144; Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396; Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T; Paenibacillus popilliae; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52; Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176; Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki SA 12; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348; Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91; Serratia entomophila; Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM; and Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain; (C2) fungi selected from the group consisting of C2.1 Muscodor albus strain QST 20799 (Accession No. NRRL 30547); C2.2 Muscodor roseus strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548); C2.3 Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040, strain GHA, strain ATP02 (Accession No. DSM 24665); strain PPRI 5339; strain PPRI 7315, strain R444, strains IL197, IL12, IL236, IL10, IL131, IL116, strain Bv025; strain BaGPK; strain ICPE 279, strain CG 716; C2.4 Hirsutella citriformis; C2.5 Hirsutella thompsonii; C2.6 Lecanicillium lecanii strain KV01, strain DA0M198499 or strain DA0M216596; C2.9 Lecanicillium muscarium, in particular strain VE 6/CABI(=IMI) 268317/CBS102071/ARSEF5128; C2.10 Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum, e.g. ARSEF324 from GreenGuard by Becker Underwood, US or isolate IMI 330189 (ARSEF7486); C2.11 Metarhizium brunneum, e.g. strain Cb 15; C2.12 Metarhizium anisopliae, e.g. strain ESALQ 1037, strain E-9, strain M206077, strain C4-B (NRRL 30905), strain ESC1, strain 15013-1 (NRRL 67073), strain 3213-1 (NRRL 67074), strain C20091, strain C20092, strain F52 (DSM3884/ATCC 90448; or strain ICIPE 78; C2.15 Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (NRRL 67075); C2.13 Nomuraea rileyi; C2.14 Isaria furnosorosea, in particular strains Apopka 97, Fe9901, ARSEF 3581, ARSEF 3302, ARSEF 2679, IfB01, ESALQ1296, ESALQ1364, ESALQ1409, CG1228, KCH J2, HIB-19, HIB-23, HIB-29, HIB-30, CHE-CNRCB 304, EH-511/3, CHE-CNRCB 303, CHE-CNRCB 305, CHE-CNRCB 307, EH-506/3, EH-503/3, EH-520/3, PFCAM, MBP, PSMB1, RCEF3304, PF01-N10 (CCTCC No. M207088), CCM 8367, SFP-198, K3, CLO 55, IfTS01, IfTS02, IfTS07, P1, If-02, If-2.3, If-03, Ifr AsC, PC-013, P43A, PCC, Pf04, Pf59, Pf109, FG340, Pfrl, Pfr8, Pfr9, Pfr10, Pfr11, Pfr12, Ifr531, IF-1106, 19602, 17284, 103011, CNRCB1, SCAU-IFCF01, PF01-N4, Pfr-612, Pf-Tim, Pf-Tiz, Pf-Hal, Pf-Tic; C2.15 Aschersonia aleyrodis; C2.16 Beauveria brongniartii; C2.17 Conidiobolus obscurus; C2.18 Entomophthora virulenta; C2.19 Lagenidium giganteum; C2.20 Metarhizium flavoviride; C2.21 Mucor haemelis; C2.22 Pandora delphacis; C2.23 Sporothrix insectorum; and C2.24 Zoophtora radicans and (C3) baculoviruses selected from (C3.1) Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdhoNPV), e.g. isolate ADN001; (C3.2) Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipNPV), e.g. isolate from Illinois; (C3.3) Anticarsia gemmatalis(Woolly pyrol moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) (e.g., products Baculo-soja from Nova Era Biotecnologia Agricola; Baculovirus Nitral from Nitral Urbana; Coopervirus SC from COODETEC), e.g. isolate 2D; (C3.4) Autographa californica(Alfalfa Looper) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) (e.g., product VPN-ULTRA from Agricola El Sol, Loopex from Andermatt Biocontrol, Lepigen from AgBiTech), e.g. isolate C6; (C3.5) Galleria mellonella multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (GmMNPV); (C3.6) Plutella xylostella multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, e.g. isolate CL3; (C3.7) Spodoptera exempta multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV); (C3.8) Trichoplusia ni multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnMNPV); (C3.9) Bombyx mori (silkworm) nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), e.g. isolate T3; (C3.10) Bombyx mandarina nucleopolyhedrovirus (BomaNPV), e.g. isolate 51; (C3.11) Buzura suppressaria nucleopolyhedrovirus (BuzuNPV), e.g., isolate S13; (C3.12) Choristoneura fumiferana DEF multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfDefNPV); (C3.13) Choristoneura fumiferana multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV), e.g., isolate from Ireland; (C3.14) Choristoneura rosaceana nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChroNPV); (C3.15) Ecotropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (EcobNPV), e.g. isolate A1; (C3.16) Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus (EppoNPV); (C3.17) Heliocoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nucleopolyhedrovirus (Hear-NPV)) (e.g., VIVUS® MAX and Armigen from AgBiTech, Helicovex from Andermatt Biocontrol, Keyun HaNPV), such as isolate C1 (HearNPV-C1), isolate NNG1 (HearNPV-NNG1), isolate G4 (HearNPV-G4; (C3.18) Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) (e.g., Gemstar from Certis USA, Diplomata from Koppert); (C3.19) Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) (e.g., Lymantria dispar from Andermatt Biocontrol, Gypcheck developed by the US Forestry Service); (C3.20) Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV), e.g., isolate from Oxford; (C3.21) Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus A (MacoNPV-A), e.g. isolate 90/2 or isolate 90/4; (C3.22) Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus B (MacoNPV-B), e.g. isolate 96B; (C3.23) Orgyia pseudotsugata (Douglas-fir tussock moth) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) (e.g., Virtuss); (C3.24) Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) (e.g., Spexit from Andermatt Biocontrol, Spod-X LC from Certis USA, Keyun SeNPV), e.g., isolate from the US; (C3.25) Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) (e.g., Fawligen from AgBiTech), e.g. isolate 3AP2 or isolate 6NR; (C3.26) Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) (e.g., Littovir from Andermatt Biocontrol), e.g. isolate M2; (C3.27) Spodoptera litura (oriental leafworm moth) nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) (e.g., Keyun SpltNPV), e.g. isolate G2; (C3.28) Thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus (ThorNPV), e.g. isolate A28; (C3.29) Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus (TnSNPV); (C3.30) Wiseana signata nucleopolyhedrovirus (WisiNPV); (C3.31) Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) nucleopolyhedrovirus (AdorNPV) (e.g., Capex from Andermatt Biocontrol); (C3.32) Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgseNPV); (C3.33) Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnfaNPV); (C3.34) Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV); (C3.35) Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV); (C3.36) Clanis bilineata nucleopolyhedrovirus (ClbiNPV); (C3.37) Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus (EupsNPV); (C3.38) Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV); (C3.39) Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus (LeseNPV); (C3.40) Maruca vitrata nucleopolyhedrovirus (MaviNPV); (C3.41) Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus (OrleNPV); (C3.42) Orgyia pseudotsugata single nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpSNPV); (C3.43) Panolis flammea nucleopolyhedrovirus (PaflNPV); (C3.44) Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (RoMNPV); (C3.45) Erinnyis ello (hornworm) GV (ErelGV), e.g. isolate VG010; (C3.46) Artogeia rapae granulovirus (ArGV); (C3.47) Pieris brassicae granulovirus (PbGV), e.g. isolate 384; (C3.48) Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (ChfuGV), e.g. isolate Bonaventure; (C3.49) Cryptophlebia leucotreta (false codling moth) granulovirus (CrleGV) (e.g., Cryptex from Andermatt Biocontrol), e.g. isolate CV3; (C3.50) Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulovirus (CpGV) (e.g., MADEX® products from Andermatt Biocontrol, Carpovirus Plus from AgroRoca SA), e.g., isolate M1; (C3.51) Harrisina brillians granulovirus (HabrGV), e.g. isolate M2; (C3.52) Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) granulovirus (HearGV); (C3.53) Lacanobia oleracea granulovirus (LaolGV), e.g. isolate S 1; (C3.54) Phthorimaea operculella (tobacco leaf miner) granulovirus (PhopGV) (e.g., Tutavir from Andermatt Biocontrol, Matapol); (C3.55) Plodia interpunctella granulovirus (PiGV), e.g. isolate B3; (C3.56) Plutella xylostella granulovirus (PlxyGV) (e.g., PLUTELLAVEX® from Keyun), e.g. isolate K1; (C3.57) Pseudalatia unipuncta granulovirus (PsunGV), e.g. Hawaiian isolate; (C3.58) Trichoplusia ni granulovirus (TnGV), e.g. isolate M10-5: (C3.59) Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XecnGV), e.g., isolate alpha4; (C3.60) Agrotis segetum granulovirus (AgseGV), e.g., isolate Xinjiang; (C3.61) Choristoneura occidentalis granulovirus (ChocGV); (C3.62) Spodoptera litura (oriental leafworm moth) granulovirus (SpliGV), e.g. isolate K1; (C3.63) Neodiprion lecontei (red-headed pinesawfly) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeleNPV) (e.g., Lecontvirus from SYLVAR); (C3.64) Neodiprion sertifer (Pine sawfly) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeseNPV) (e.g., Neocheck-S developed by the US Forestry Service; (C3.65) Gilpinia hercyniae nucleopolyhedrovirus (GiheNPV), e.g., isolate i7; (C3.66) Neodiprion abietis (balsam-fir sawfly) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeabNPV) (e.g., ABIETIV from SYLVAR); (C3.67) Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV), e.g., isolate from Florida (1997); (C3.68) Aedes sollicitans nucleopolyhedrovirus (AesoNPV); (C3.69) Uranotaenia sapphrinia nucleopolyhedrovirus (UrsaNPV); (C3.70) Spodoptera albula (gray-streaked armywom moth) NPV (e.g., VPN-ULTRA from Agricola El Sol); (C3.71) Biston suppressaria (tea looper) NPV; (C3.72) Dendrolimus punctatus (Masson pine moth) CPV; (C3.73) Leucoma salicis (satin moth) NPV; (C3.73) Spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus (SfGV), e.g. isolate ARG; (C3.74) Spodoptera sunia nulear polyhedrosisvirus (e.g., VPN 82 from Agricola El Sol); (C3.75) Pieris rapae (small white) GV (PiraGV); and (C3.76) Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) nucleopolyhedrovirus nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) (e.g., Keyun SeNPV), or wherein the pesticidally active agent is a biological control agent that is nematicidally active and selected from the group consisting of (D1) bacteria selected from (D1.1) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713; (D1.2) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808; (D1.3) Bacillus firmus strain CNMC 1-1582; (D1.4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42; (D1.5) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain PTA-4838; (D1.6) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM I-1562; (D1.7) Bacillus laterosporus; (D1.8) Bacillus megaterium, strain YFM3.25; Bacillus mojavensis, strain SR11; (D1.9) Bacillus nematocida B16; (D1.10) a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002; (D1.11) Pasteuria nishizawae; (D1.12) Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396; (D1.13) Pasteuria penetrans; Pasteuria usgae; (D1.14) Streptomycete lydicus strain WYEC108; (D1.15) Streptomyces saraceticus; (D1.16) Bacillus thuringiensis strain CR-371 (Accession No. ATCC 55273); (D1.17) Bacillus cepacia; Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3; and (D2) fungi selected from D2.1 Muscodor albus strain QST 20799; D2.2 Muscodor roseus, strain A3-5; D2.3 Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251, strain 580, strain in the product BIO-NEMATON®, strain in the product MYSIS®, strain in the product BIOICONEMA®, strain in the product NEMAT®, and a strain in the product SPECTRUM PAE L®; D2.4 Trichoderma koningii; D2.5 Harposporium anguillullae; D2.6 Hirsutella minnesotensis; D2.7 Monacrosporium cionopagum; D2.8 Monacrosporium psychrophilum; D2.9 Myrothecium verrucaria, in particular strain AARC-0255; D2.10 Paecilomyces variotii strain Q-09; D2.11 Stagonospora phaseoli; D2.12 Trichoderma lignorum, in particular strain TL-0601; D2.13 Fusarium solani strain Fs5; D2.14 Hirsutella rhossiliensis; D2.15 Monacrosporium drechsleri; D2.16 Monacrosporium gephyropagum; D2.17 Nematoctonus geogenius; D2.18 Nematoctonus leiosporus; D2.19 Neocosmospora vasinfecta; D2.20 Paraglomus sp, in particular Paraglomus brasilianum; D2.21 Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata strain IMI SD 187; D2.22 Stagonospora heteroderae; D2.23 Meristacrum asterospermum, and D2.24 Duddingtonia flagrans.

13. (canceled)

14. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein said at least one further pesticidally active agent is selected from the group consisting of ethiprole, fipronil, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, spinetoram, Spinosad, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins selected from Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Aa, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, Cry3Aa, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/35Ab1, CrylF, cyromazine, methoxyfenozide, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, tolfenpyrad, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, pyflubumide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, flonicamid, Afidopyropen, Azadirachtin, Benzpyrimoxan, Broflanilide, Cyclaniliprole, Dicloromezotiaz, Dimpropyridaz, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Fluopyram, Fluxametamide, Isocycloseram, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Oxazosulfyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Spirobudiclofen, Spiropidion, Tetraniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tioxazafen, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro [4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one, 2-({2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- [(R)-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) sulfinyl}phenyl}imino)-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one, 1,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione, and a terpene blend comprising as active ingredients substantially pure α-terpinene, substantially pure p-cymene and substantially pure limonene in a relative ratio of about 35-45:12-20:10-15 Isaria fumosorosea strain apopka 97; Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040; Beauveria bassiana strain GHA; most preferably Isaria fumosorosea strain apopka 97; baculoviruses selected from AcMNPV, HaNPV, SfMNPV, SfGV, ChinNPV SeNPV Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713 and Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, most preferred Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713; Bacillus firmus strain 1-1582; Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251; Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM I-1237, Trichoderma viride strain B35 and Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1.

15. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein said at least one further pesticidally active agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids.

16. The active compound combination according to claim 15, wherein said at least one further pesticidally active agent is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, deltamethrin, thiacloprid and flupyradifurone.

17. The active compound combination according to claim 1 additionally comprising at least one auxiliary selected from the group consisting of extenders, solvents, spontaneity promoters, carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, frost protectants, thickeners and adjuvants.

18. A seed coated with the active compound combination according to claim 1.

19-22. (canceled)

23. A method for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by plant pests comprising the step of simultaneously or sequentially applying one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof selected from unsaturated and saturated C.sub.12-24 fatty acids, salts thereof, esters thereof or mixtures of any of the foregoing and at least one pesticidally active agent to a plant or seed or a locus where said plant or seed is intended to be grown.

24-28. (canceled)

Description

EXAMPLE 1: PRODUCTION OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVE

[0325] A salt derivative of fatty acids can be prepared by the following method. The derivative is obtained by mixing in a reactor a selection of fatty acids (C14-C18) derived from olive oil following oil hydrolysis whereby the glycerine is separated from the fatty acids and the fatty acids are subjected to fractional distillation in order to achieve the required specification. The fatty acids are made to react in a temperature controlled blending vessel with such quantity of potassium hydroxide and water for the production of the liquid fatty acid salt until solubilization of the components occurs and a liquid is produced that will readily form a true solution when diluted in water at the recommended rates of application for use in the field.

EXAMPLE 2: EFFICACY OF A COMBINATION OF FATTY ACID POTASSIUM SALT AND FLUPYRADIFURONE IN FIELD TRIALS

[0326] In 2020 an open field trial in potato was conducted in order to compare the efficacy of Flupyradifurone (Flupyradifurone SL200), fatty acid potassium salt (FLiPPER®), as well as both formulations applied in tank mix against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata).

One foliar application was conducted at crop growth stage BBCH 69 according to the following treatment scheme:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 treatment scheme Dose Rate Water Treatment Formulations (rate per ha) Volume 1 Flupyradifurone 500 mL/ha 400 L/ha SL200 (100 g/ha) 2 FLiPPER ® 1% V/V (1919.2 g/ha) 400 L/ha 3 Flupyradifurone 500 mL/ha + 1% V/V 400 L/ha SL200 + (100 g/ha + FLiPPER ® 1919.2 g/ha) 4 Flupyradifurone 500 mL/ha + 0.5% V/V 400 L/ha SL200 + (100 g/ha + 959.6 g/ha) FLiPPER ®

[0327] In order to evaluate the efficacy, the number of living larvae were assessed 1 day after the application (1 DAA). The efficacy was calculated according to Henderson-Tilton, results are displayed in table 2 below.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Results Efficacy observed H-T [%] Efficacy Treatment Formulations Dose Rate 1 DAA calculated 1 Flupyradifurone SL200 500 mL/ha 69.6 2 FLiPPER ® 1% v/v 69.1 3 Flupyradifurone 500 mL/ha + 95.0 90.6 SL200 + FLiPPER ®; 1% V/V 1:19.2 4 Flupyradifurone 500 mL/ha + 92.6 SL200 + FLiPPER ®; 0.5% V/V 1:9.6

[0328] Conclusion: The combination of fatty acid potassium salt with Flupyradifurone in tank-mix provides synergistic activity against Leptinotarsa decemlineata in potato, compared to Flupyradifurone or fatty acid potassium salt applied on its own. Activity was increased as compared to the calculated value, even when the dose rate of fatty acid potassium salt in the tank-mix was reduced from 1 to 0.5% V/V.

EXAMPLE 3: EFFICACY OF A COMBINATION OF FATTY ACID POTASSIUM SALT AND VARIOUS INSECTICIDES IN FIELD TRIAL

[0329] In 2020 an open field trial in peach was conducted in Italy, in order to compare the efficacy of Acetamiprid (Acetamiprid SL50), Flupyradifurone (Flupyradifurone SL200), fatty acid potassium salt (FLiPPER®), as well as tank mixes of each of the chemical products with FLiPPER® against Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys). One foliar application was conducted at crop growth stage BBCH 77 at a canopy height (CH) of 2 m according to the following treatment scheme:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 treatment scheme Dose Rate Treatment Formulations (rate per ha) Water Volume 1 Acetamiprid SL50 1500 mL/ha 500 L/ha/m CH (75 g/ha) 2 Flupyradifurone 300 mL/ha/m CH, 500 L/ha/m CH SL200 (120 g/ha) 3 FLiPPER ® 1% V/V 500 L/ha/m CH (4798 g/ha) 4 Acetamiprid SL50 + 1500 mL/ha + 1% V/V 500 L/ha/m CH FLiPPER ® (75 g/ha + 4798 g/ha) 5 Flupyradifurone 300 mL/ha/m CH + 500 L/ha/m CH SL200 + 1% V/V FLiPPER ® (120 g/ha + 4798 g/ha)

[0330] In order to evaluate the efficacy, the number of dead larvae were assessed 1 and 5 days after the application (1 & 5 DAA). The efficacy is given as number of dead larvae per plot in table 4 below.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Results Efficacy [no. dead larvae/plot] Treatment Formulations Dose Rate 1 DAA 5 DAA 1 Acetamiprid SL50 1500 mL/ha 13.8 26.5 2 Flupyradifurone SL200 300 mL/ha/m CH 13.2 24.8 3 FLiPPER ® 1% V/V 13.8 23.8 4 Acetamiprid SL50 + 1500 mL/ha + 51.3 29.8 FLiPPER ®; 1:64 1% V/V 5 Flupyradifurone 300 mL/ha/m 40.0 37.3 SL200 + FLiPPER ®; CH + 1% V/V 1:40

[0331] Conclusion: The combination of fatty acid potassium salt (FLiPPER®) with Flupyradifurone (Flupyradifurone SL200) or Acetamiprid (Acetamiprid SL50) in tank-mix provides increased activity against Halyomorpha halys in peach tree, compared to the respective formulations applied on their own.

EXAMPLE 4: EFFICACY OF A COMBINATION OF FATTY ACID POTASSIUM SALT AND DELTAMETHRIN

[0332] In 2017 one trial in strawberry was conducted in the Netherlands, in order to compare the efficacy of Deltamethrin EC25, FLiPPER®, as well as both formulations applied in tank mix against Anthonomus rubi. Two foliar applications were conducted at an interval of 5 days at crop growth stage BBCH 89 according to the following treatment scheme:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 treatment scheme Dose Rate Water Treatment Formulations (rate per ha) Volume 1 Deltamethrin 120 mL/ha 400 L/ha EC25 (3 g/ha) 2 FLiPPER ® 1% V/V 400 L/ha (1919.2 g/ha) 3 Deltamethrin 120 mL/ha + 1% 400 L/ha EC25 + V/V (3 g/ha + FLiPPER ® 1919.2 g/ha)

[0333] In order to evaluate the efficacy, the number of living insects were assessed 4 days after the 2nd application (4 DAB). The efficacy was calculated according to ABBOTT, results are displayed in table 6 below.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Results Efficacy observed ABBOTT [%] Efficacy Treatment Formulations Dose Rate 4 DAB calculated 1 Deltamethrin 120 mL/ha 47.7 EC25 2 FLiPPER ® 1% v/v 33.8 3 Deltamethrin 120 mL/ha + 66.2 63.4 EC25 + 1% V/V FLiPPER ®; 1:640

[0334] Conclusion: The combination of fatty acid potassium salt (FLiPPER®) with Deltamethrin (Deltamethrin EC25) in tank-mix provided increased activity against Anthonomus rubi in strawberry, compared to the respective formulations applied on their own.

EXAMPLE 5: EFFICACY OF A COMBINATION OF FATTY ACID POTASSIUM SALT AND THIACLOPRID OR DELTAMETHRIN

[0335] A trial in strawberry was conducted in the Netherlands, in order to compare the efficacy of thiacloprid (Thiacloprid SC480), deltamethrin (Deltamethrin EW15), fatty acid potassium salt (FLiPPER®), as well as tank mixes of each of the chemical products with said fatty acid potassium salt against Anthonomus rubi. Two foliar applications were conducted at an interval of 6 days at crop growth stage BBCH 59/60 according to the following treatment scheme:

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Treatment scheme Dose Rate Water Treatment Formulations (rate per ha) Volume 1 FLiPPER ® 1% V/V 400 L/ha (1919.2 g/ha) 2 Thiacloprid SC480 0.25 L/ha 400 L/ha (120 g/ha) 3 Deltamethrin EW15 0.5 L/ha 400 L/ha (7.5 g/ha) 4 Thiacloprid SC480 + 0.25 L/ha + 1% V/V 400 L/ha FLiPPER ® (120 g/ha + 1919.2 g/ha) 5 Deltamethrin EW 0.5 L/ha + 1% V/V 400 L/ha 15 + FLiPPER ® (7.5 g/ha + 1919.2 g/ha)

[0336] In order to evaluate the efficacy, the number of blossoms damaged by the pest were assessed 6 days after the 2nd application (6 DAB). The efficacy was calculated according to ABBOTT, results are displayed in table 8 below.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Results Efficacy ABBOTT [%] Treatment Formulations Dose Rate 6 DAB 1 FLiPPER ® 1% V/V 34.7% 2 Thiacloprid SC480 0.25 L/ha 31.9% 3 Deltamethrin EW15  0.5 L/ha 37.7% 4 Thiacloprid SC480 + 0.25 L/ha + 50.2% FLiPPER ®; 1:16 1% V/V 5 Deltamethrin EW 15 + 0.5 L/ha + 47.9% FLiPPER ®; 1:256 1% V/V

[0337] Conclusion: The combination of fatty acid potassium salt (FLiPPER®) with deltamethrin (Deltamethrin EW15) or thiacloprid (Thiacloprid SC480) in tank-mix provided increased protection against blossom damage caused by Anthonomus rubi, compared to the solo-treatments.