METHOD FOR TREATING SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HYDROCARBONS, IN PARTICULAR WITH POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Abstract

A method for treating soil contaminated with hydrocarbons, in particular with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, includes working the soil with, by weight of soil from 0.1 to 12% of activated carbon; and from 0.1 to 10% of hydraulic binder, the total content of activated carbon and of hydraulic binder in particular ranging between 0.5 and 15%.

Claims

1. A method for treating a soil containing 3 to 50% by weight of water, said sol being-contaminated with hydrocarbons, and said method comprising at least one step of working the soil with, by weight of soil: from 0.1 to 12% activated carbon from 0.1 to 10% hydraulic binder.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic binder/activated carbon mass ratio is comprised between 0.2 and 9.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon has a specific surface area greater than 100 m.sup.2/g.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the binder is a Portland cement defined in standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012, a CEM III cement comprising between 30% and 90% by weight of ground blast furnace slag, a sulfoaluminate cement or a calcium aluminate cement.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic binder and the activated carbon are added simultaneously to the soil.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon and the hydraulic binder are added separately to the soil.

7. A product obtained from the method according to claim 1, comprising a soil, a hardened binder and activated carbon.

8. A composition for the treatment of soil contaminated by hydrocarbons, comprising in % by weight: between 10 and 80% of a hydraulic binder, between 10 and 80% of activated carbon.

9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the hydraulic binder is a Portland cement such as defined in standard NF EN 197-1 of April 2012, a CEM III cement comprising between 30% and 90% by weight of ground blast furnace slag, a sulfoaluminate cement or a calcium aluminate cement.

10. A method for the treatment of soil contaminated by hydrocarbons comprising a step of contacting the soil with the composition defined in claim 8.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soil is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total content of activated carbon and hydraulic binder is comprised between 0.5% and 15%.

13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hydraulic binder/activated carbon mass ratio is comprised between 0.5 and 9.

14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the hydraulic binder/activated carbon mass ratio is comprised between 1 and 4.

15. The method according to claim 3, wherein the activated carbon has a specific surface area greater than 400 m.sup.2/g.

16. The method according to claim 3, wherein the activated carbon is grafted with additional chemical functions.

17. The method according to claim 6, wherein the activated carbon is added first.

18. The composition according to claim 8 for the treatment of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

19. The composition according to claim 9, wherein the hydraulic binder is a CEM III cement comprising between 30% and 90% by weight of ground blast furnace slag.

20. The method according to claim 10, for the treatment of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0105] Binders Used

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Binder nature Binder type Supplier CEM I 52,5N SPLC Portland cement LafargeHolcim - Saint Pierre La Cour factory CEM III A LM Portland cement with LafargeHolcim - La blast furnace slag Malle factory TERNALTEP (TEP) Calcium aluminate IMERYS cement (CAC) Ternal

[0106] Analysis Methods

[0107] The soil content in water and dry matter was determined according to the method described in standard NF ISO 11465(A) of August 1994. The expression “soil dry matter” is abbreviated “DM.”

[0108] The quantitative determination of C10 to C40 linear hydrocarbons in soil was performed by gas chromatography according to the method described in standard NF EN ISO 16703 of August 2011.

[0109] The quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil was performed by gas chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry (GC-MS), according to the method described in standard NF EN ISO (A) of August 2006.

[0110] The BET specific surface area of the various powders is measured as follows. A sample of powder is taken of a mass of from 0.3 g to 0.75 g for a BET surface area estimated at more than 15 m.sup.2/g. A cell of 9 cm.sup.3 is used. The entire measurement cell (cell+glass rod) is weighed. Then the sample is added to the cell. Then the entirety is weighed (cell+glass rod+sample). The measurement cell is placed on the degassing station and the sample is degassed. The pressure to reach is 25 to 30 mTorr. The time to reach this pressure depends on the nature of the sample, the quantity of matter and the number of cells installed on the degassing station. The degassing step makes it possible to free the sample surface of any adsorption (H.sub.2O, CO, CO.sub.2, etc.). The sample mass is obtained by subtraction of the mass of the cell from the mass of the cell+degassed sample.

[0111] Then the sample is analyzed after putting it place on the measurement station. The analyzer is the Tristar II 3020 sold by Micrometrics. The measurement relies on the adsorption of nitrogen by the sample at a given temperature, here the temperature of liquid nitrogen or −196° C. The device measures the pressure of the reference cell in which the adsorbate is at its saturation vapor pressure and that of the sample cell into which known volumes of adsorbate are injected. The curve resulting from these measurements is the adsorption isotherm. In the measurement method, it is necessary to know the dead volume of the cell: this volume is therefore measured with helium before the analysis.

[0112] The mass of the sample calculated previously is entered as a parameter. The BET surface area is determined by linear regression software from the experimental curve. The three samples below are measured regularly in order to serve as a reference for the device:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mean BET (m.sup.2/g) Standard deviation Alumina BCR 1.05 m.sup.2/g 1.02 0.02 Omyacoat 850 9.38 0.04 Carbon 30.6 ± 0.75 m.sup.2/g 30.4 0.25

[0113] Soils Studied

[0114] In the context of the tests performed in the laboratory different soils were sampled from different construction sites. Their characteristics are given in the table below. The soil samples SN1 and SN2 are highly contaminated, while the soil sample SSL is not very contaminated.

[0115] It can be observed that the soil samples are effectively contaminated by organic compounds and that the benzo(a)pyrene content of sample SN2 is greater than the limit value given in the Decree of Dec. 12, 2014.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Parameter Unit Method SN1 SN2 SSL Dry matter % of soil NF ISO 92.0 96.9 95.9 received 11465(A) C10-C40 linear mg/kg NF EN 1200.0 1400.0 385.0 hydrocarbons DM ISO 16703(A) C10-C12 linear mg/kg NF EN <20 <70 <40 hydrocarbons DM ISO 16703(A) C12-C16 linear mg/kg NF EN 26.5 43.0 <40 hydrocarbons DM ISO 16703(A) C16-C21 linear mg/kg NF EN 320.0 450.0 125.0 hydrocarbons DM ISO 16703(A) >C21-C35 linear mg/kg NFEN 820.0 835.0 230.0 hydrocarbons DM ISO 16703(A) C35-C40 linear mg/kg NF EN 39.0 <70 <40 hydrocarbons DM ISO 16703(A) PAH - Naphthalene mg/kg NF ISO 2.6 4.3 1.3 DM 18287(A) PAH - mg/kg NF ISO 0.7 <0.5 <0.5 Acenaphthylene DM 18287(A) PAH - Acenaphthene mg/kg NF ISO 4.1 8.6 2.4 DM 18287(A) PAH - Fluorene mg/kg NF ISO 3.1 6.9 1.9 DM 18287(A) PAH - Phenanthrene mg/kg NF ISO 27.5 59.0 16.5 DM 18287(A) PAH - Anthracene mg/kg NF ISO 11.0 15.5 4.1 DM 18287(A) PAH - Fluoranthene mg/kg NF ISO 85.5 108.5 27.5 DM 18287(A) PAH - Pyrene mg/kg NF ISO 77.0 82.5 22.0 DM 18287(A) PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg NF ISO 63.5 61.5 17.0 anthracene DM 18287(A) PAH - Chrysene mg/kg NF ISO 74.0 59.5 14.5 DM 18287(A) PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg NF ISO 108.0 91.0 22.0 fluoranthene DM 18287(A) PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg NF ISO 37.0 31.0 9.0 fluoranthene DM 18287(A) PAH - mg/kg NF ISO 63.5 62.0 17.0 Benzo(a)pyrene DM 18287(A) PAH - mg/kg NF ISO <12 <12 <3.5 Dibenzo(ah) DM 18287(A) anthracene PAH - Indeno(123- mg/kg NF ISO 38.0 39.5 10.5 cd) pyrene DM 18287(A) PAH - Benzo(ghi) mg/kg NF ISO 38.5 37.0 9.9 perylene DM 18287(A) Total PAH mg/kg NF ISO 633.8 667.0 174.6 DM 18287(A) DM = Soil dry matter PAH—Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

[0116] List of Adsorbents Studied

[0117] Different adsorbents were studied and their efficacy for treating organic pollutants was measured.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Adsorbent Supplier Norit SAE/2 SUPER (activated carbon AC1) Norit EcoSorb XP15 (activated carbon AC2) Jacobi CARBONS AquaSorb MP23 (activated carbon AC3) Jacobi CARBONS OXPURE ® 325B-7 (activated carbon AC4) OXBOW OXPURE ® 325A-5 (activated carbon AC5) OXBOW Omnim Carb (BIOCHAR wood charcoal) CARBO France Wood boiler hearth ash WA ENGIE

[0118] The various activated carbon samples and their characteristics are given in the tables below.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Reference Commercial name Supplier AC1 Norit SAE/2 SUPER Norit Electronic AC2 EcoSorb XP15 Jacobi CARBONS AC3 AquaSorb MP23 Jacobi CARBONS AC4 OXPURE ® 325B-7 OXBOW AC5 OXPURE ® 325A-5 OXBOW

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Measurement Parameter method Unit AC1 AC2 AC3 AC4 AC5 Iodine index ASTM mg 1050 600 850 650-710 500-550 D4607 iodine/g Total surface Described m.sup.2/g 1150 650 900 680 530 area (B.E.T) above Apparent density ASTM kg/m.sup.3 425 458 (silo) 300 (silo) 500 500 D2854 610 (packed) 460 (packed)

[0119] Laboratory method for treating contaminated soil

[0120] The soils were treated in the laboratory according to the following protocol:

[0121] Introduce 600 g of dry soil into the bowl of a PERRIER mixer

[0122] Introduce 29.4 g of tap water

[0123] Mixing phase 1: Mix at slow speed for 1 minute then stop mixing

[0124] Introduce the mineral absorbent (hydraulic binder+adsorbent)

[0125] Mixing phase 2:

[0126] Mix at slow speed for 1 minute then stop mixing

[0127] Mix manually while taking care to scrape the sides of the bowl

[0128] Mix at slow speed for 1 minute then stop mixing

[0129] Cure the treated soil at 20° C. in a hermetic plastic bag for 1 week

Example 1—Treatment of Contaminated Soil by Activated Carbon (not According to the Invention)

[0130] The table below groups the results obtained when the soils are treated only by activated carbon AC1.

[0131] The percentages given in line 2 are expressed in mass percent of soil dry matter.

[0132] The results show that the use of activated carbon AC1 alone makes it possible to reduce the total PAH content and the greater the quantity of activated carbon AC1 the greater the PAH reduction. It is thus possible to reduce the PAH content by more than 50% to 65% of the total PAH content, when the activated carbon AC1 is used up to a quantity of 3.0%.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Soil sample Unit SN1 SN2 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN2 Treatment — — 0.5% AC1 1.0% AC1 2.0% AC1 3.0% AC1 3.0% AC1 Soil dry matter % of soil 92.0 96.9 88.4 88.0 89.0 88.7 89.0 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1200.0 1400.0 1500 1600 900 570 850 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <20 <70 <40 <40 <40 <20 <40 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 26.5 43.0 <40 <40 <40 41 <40 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 320.0 450.0 400 410 250 190 290 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 820.0 835.0 1000 1100 580 320 470 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg 39.0 <70 52 58 <40 <20 <40 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 2.6 4.3 2.0 2.2 1.5 3.4 1.9 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg 0.7 <0.5 0.60 0.60 0.49 0.50 <0.5 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 4.1 8.6 3.3 3.6 2.5 5.4 4.6 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 3.1 6.9 2.3 2.5 1.6 2.9 3.6 DM PAH - mg/kg 27.5 59.0 21 22 13 21 28 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 11.0 15.5 9.0 7.7 3.8 6.2 5.8 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 85.5 108.5 74 70 42 57 47 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 77.0 82.5 61 60 38 52 37 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 63.5 61.5 43 38 19 19 18 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 74.0 59.5 78 52 25 25 16 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 108.0 91.0 78 75 47 37 28 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 37.0 31.0 25 23 13 9.0 9.0 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 63.5 62.0 46 41 21 15 16 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 <12 <6.4 <5.9 <3.4 <1.7 <4.1 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 38.0 39.5 32 28 12 6.8 9.2 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 38.5 37.0 29 26 13 8.9 10 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAH mg/kg 633.8 667.0 504.8 451.9 254.8 269.7 234.4 DM

Example 2—Treatment of Contaminated Soil by Wood Charcoal (not According to the Invention)

[0133] The results collected in the table below show that the treatment of contaminated soil by WA and BIOCHAR activated carbon is not effective. The measurements further show that the use of these materials increases the total PAH content.

[0134] WA and BIOCHAR wood charcoal are obtained by a slow wood pyrolysis process, called smothering. This combustion method is not complete and hydrocarbon residues remain that are found in the treated soil.

[0135] This type of carbon is not suited to the present invention.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Soil sample Unit SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 Treatment — 2% WA 3% WA 5% WA 2% BIOCH- 3% BIOCH- 4% BIO- AR AR CHAR Soil dry matter % of soil 92.0 88.3 88.1 87.9 88.7 89.1 88.9 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1200.0 1100 1500 1300 1100 1200 1300 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <20 <40 <40 <40 <40 <40 <40 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 26.5 <40 <40 <40 <40 <40 <40 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 320.0 290 390 270 300 290 290 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 820.0 800 980 850 770 850 970 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg 39.0 <40 51 55 <40 <40 48 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 2.6 5.0 5.7 2.7 4.1 2.9 2.7 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg 0.7 0.79 0.95 0.72 0.86 0.59 0.72 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 4.1 7.1 8.1 4.6 6.2 4.7 4.2 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 3.1 4.8 6.0 3.2 4.4 3.3 2.9 DM PAH - mg/kg 27.5 44 49 30 39 30 29 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 11.0 15 18 10 15 10 11 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 85.5 105 125 75 98 73 83 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 77.0 87 100 65 89 63 72 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 63.5 82 85 58 79 56 73 anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 74.0 89 94 65 97 65 83 Chrysene DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 108.0 147 136 110 135 104 124 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 37.0 48 48 36 47 35 43 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 63.5 87 84 66 82 63 73 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 <15 <15 <13 <14 <12 <14 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 38.0 61 58 48 56 46 54 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 38.5 58 54 46 52 43 51 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAHs mg/kg 633.8 841.0 872.0 619.8 805.8 599.9 706.1 DM

Example 3—Treatment of Contaminated Soil by an Aluminous Hydraulic Binder

[0136] The addition of 2.5% activated carbon AC1 coupled with 1% TEP makes it possible to significantly reduce the total PAH content, with a final total PAH content less than 300 mg/kg of dry matter is measured, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 60%.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Soil sample Unit SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 Treatment — 2% TEP 1.5% AC1 + 0.5% AC1 + 1% AC1 + 2.5% AC1 + 1% TEP 2% TEP 1% TEP 1% TEP Soil dry matter % of soil 92.0 89.4 88.6 89.0 88.5 88.5 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1200.0 1100 1100 1200 1400 660 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <100 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 26.5 60 25 33 31 <100 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 320.0 310 350 330 340 190 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 820.0 660 680 850 950 420 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg 39.0 28 28 55 55 <100 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.8 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg 0.7 0.72 1.1 0.57 <0.5 0.67 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.5 2.8 3.5 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.9 DM PAH - mg/kg 27.5 25 26 25 20 18 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 11.0 8.1 10 8.2 7.1 5.0 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 85.5 78 124 66 66 47 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 77.0 64 113 54 56 40 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 63.5 47 61 46 44 18 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 74.0 51 77 48 50 23 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 108.0 78 113 80 79 40 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 37.0 25 36 26 25 11 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 63.5 44 62 48 44 17 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 3.5 <9.3 <16 <15 <3.3 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 38.0 28 43 28 26 7.8 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 38.5 27 42 33 31 11 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAHs mg/kg 633.8 488.0 717.6 471.0 454.6 245.1 DM

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Soil sample Unit SN2 SN2 SN2 SN2 Treatment — 2.5/AC1 + 2.5/AC1 + 2.5/AC1 + 0.75% TEP 0.5% TEP 1% TEP Soil dry matter % of soil 96.9 88.1 88.3 89.1 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1400.0 1100 1000 1100 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <70 <20 <40 <40 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 43.0 36 <40 <40 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 450.0 340 310 340 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 835.0 650 600 660 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg <70 42 45 52 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 4.3 3.0 2.6 2.6 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg <0.5 0.64 <0.5 <0.5 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 8.6 6.6 5.8 5.9 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 6.9 4.9 4.3 4.4 DM PAH - mg/kg 59.0 41 35 36 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 15.5 9.3 7.4 7.7 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 108.5 78 65 68 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 82.5 64 51 55 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 61.5 34 27 30 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 59.5 32 25 29 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 91.0 59 43 51 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 31.0 19 14 16 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 62.0 33 25 29 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 <6.6 <6.3 <7.0 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 39.5 19 16 17 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 37.0 23 17 19 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAHs mg/kg 667.0 426.2 337.1 370.8 DM

Example 4—Treatment of Contaminated Soil by a Portland Mineral Binder of Type CEM I

[0137] The tests summarized in the table below show that the use of a CEM I type Portland cement to treat a contaminated soil makes it possible to reduce the PAH content but less effectively than the combination of a Portland binder with activated carbon.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Soil sample Unit SN1 SN2 SN1 SN2 SN2 SN2 Treatment — — 3% CEM 6% CEM 10% CEM 1% AC1 + I SPLC I SPLC I SPLC 10% CEM I SPLC Soil dry matter % of soil 92.0 96.9 89.8 89.7 91.6 90.8 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1200.0 1400.0 1300 4700 5300 1300 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <20 <70 <40 <100 <100 <40 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 26.5 43.0 <40 190 170 <40 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 320.0 450.0 280 1700 1700 390 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 820.0 835.0 950 2700 3300 810 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg 39.0 <70 53 130 170 51 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 2.6 4.3 1.4 5.2 4.1 <5.0 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg 0.7 <0.5 <0.5 0.57 <0.5 <5.0 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 4.1 8.6 2.3 10 9.1 5.8 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 3.1 6.9 1.8 8.4 6.9 <5.0 DM PAH - mg/kg 27.5 59.0 17 75 59 43 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 11.0 15.5 6.7 19 16 11 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 85.5 108.5 57 134 109 77 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 77.0 82.5 50 95 84 61 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 63.5 61.5 43 57 56 42 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 74.0 59.5 51 67 58 46 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 108.0 91.0 91 96 83 62 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 37.0 31.0 29 37 32 23 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 63.5 62.0 51 72 62 41 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 <12 <17 <12 <11 <9.0 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 38.0 39.5 31 38 33 25 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 38.5 37.0 36 42 35 25 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAHs mg/kg 633.8 667.0 468.8 755.8 646.7 461.8 DM

Example 5—Treatment of Contaminated Soil by a Portland Mineral Binder with Blast Furnace Slag of Type CEM III

[0138] The results presented in the table below show that the association of type CEM III A cement makes it possible to significantly reduce the PAH content in contaminated soil: the final contents, in the case of contaminated soil SN1, are all less than 400 mg/kg of soil dry matter. The best performances measured correspond to a reduction of 43% of the total PAH content, with an activated carbon quantity of 2% and CEM III A LM of 2%.

[0139] The results obtained with contaminated soil SN2 are also positive and here the best performances are obtained with the association of CEM III A at a quantity of 3% and activated carbon at a quantity of 2%.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Soil sample Unit SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 SN1 Treatment — 1.5% AC1 + 3/AC1 2% AC1 + 2% AC1 + 1% CEM 1% CEM 2% CEM 3% CEM III A LM III A LM III A LM III ALM Soil dry matter % of soil 92.0 88.4 89.0 90.2 90.5 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1200.0 1000 1100 840 860 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 26.5 32 24 <20 <20 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 320.0 280 260 220 230 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 820.0 670 750 580 570 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg 39.0 35 36 23 28 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 2.6 3.7 1.8 <5.0 <5.0 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg 0.7 0.90 0.60 <5.0 <5.0 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 4.1 5.8 3.7 <5.0 <5.0 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 3.1 3.8 2.0 <5.0 <5.0 DM PAH - mg/kg 27.5 32 19 20 22 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 11.0 10 5.5 6.7 7.1 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 85.5 80 60 53 56 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 77.0 67 54 45 52 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 63.5 48 31 32 34 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 74.0 62 39 40 41 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 108.0 84 82 64 64 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 37.0 28 22 22 23 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 63.5 49 28 33 34 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 <7.9 <5.1 <7.0 <7.0 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 38.0 36 12 18 18 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 38.5 34 17 21 21 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAHs mg/kg 633.8 543.8 378.8 355.9 372.8 DM

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Soil sample Unit SN2 SN2 SN2 SN2 SN2 Treatment — 3% AC1 + 3% AC1 + 3% AC1 + 1% AC1 + 1% CEM 2% CEM 0.5% CEM 10% CEM III ALM III ALM III A LM III ALM Soil dry matter % of soil 96.9 89.4 88.9 88.6 90.3 received C10-C40 linear mg/kg 1400.0 910 1000 1100 1200 hydrocarbons DM C10-C12 linear mg/kg <70 <40 <40 <20 <40 hydrocarbons DM C12-C16 linear mg/kg 43.0 <40 <40 45 <40 hydrocarbons DM C16-C21 linear mg/kg 450.0 310 330 400 370 hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 linear mg/kg 835.0 500 630 670 760 hydrocarbons DM C35-C40 linear mg/kg <70 <40 48 43 48 hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 4.3 5.0 2.8 4.3 <5.0 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg <0.5 0.75 <0.5 0.77 <5.0 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 8.6 6.4 6.1 8.5 6.6 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 6.9 5.4 4.3 6.1 <5.0 DM PAH - mg/kg 59.0 45 35 49 44 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 15.5 7.5 7.2 10 11 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 108.5 72 65 91 81 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 82.5 57 52 73 64 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 61.5 26 26 35 43 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 59.5 23 24 32 41 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 91.0 41 42 59 65 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 31.0 13 13 19 25 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 62.0 23 25 32 42 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <12 <5.7 <5.9 <6.2 <11 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 39.5 13 15 18 27 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 37.0 16 16 21 27 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAHs mg/kg 667.0 355.0 331.9 459.0 477.3 DM

Example 6—Treatment of Slightly Contaminated Soil by a Portland Mineral Binder with Blast Furnace Slag of Type CEM

[0140] The results summarized in the table below show that the association of a type CEM III A Portland cement with an activated carbon is effective to treat soils slightly contaminated with PAHs.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Soil sample SSL SSL SSL SSL SSL Treatment Unit — +1.0% AC3 + +2.5% AC3 + +3% AC3 + +3.5% AC3 + 1.0% CEM 1.0% CEM 1.0% CEM 1.0% CEM III ALM III ALM III ALM III A Dry matter % 95.7 89.5 89.9 89.5 90.0 mass MB C10-C40 mg/kg 340 44 39 <20 <20 hydrocarbon DM index >C10-C12 mg/kg <40 <20 <20 <20 <20 Hydrocarbons DM >C12-C16 mg/kg <40 <20 <20 <20 <20 Hydrocarbons DM >C16-C21 mg/kg 110 <20 <20 <20 <20 Hydrocarbons DM >C21-C35 mg/kg 200 <20 <20 <20 <20 Hydrocarbons DM >C35-C40 mg/kg <40 <20 <20 <20 <20 Hydrocarbons DM PAH - mg/kg 1.3 0.88 1.6 0.50 0.42 Naphthalene DM PAH - mg/kg <0.5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Acenaphthylene DM PAH - mg/kg 2.4 1.5 2.1 0.87 0.79 Acenaphthene DM PAH - Fluorene mg/kg 1.8 0.85 1.2 0.51 0.43 DM PAH - mg/kg 16 5.1 6.8 2.9 2.2 Phenanthrene DM PAH - mg/kg 3.8 1.2 1.8 0.64 0.47 Anthracene DM PAH - mg/kg 27 6.1 7.0 3.1 2.0 Fluoranthene DM PAH - Pyrene mg/kg 21 4.5 5.1 2.2 1.4 DM PAH - Benzo(a) mg/kg 16 1.8 1.9 0.75 0.37 anthracene DM PAH - Chrysene mg/kg 14 1.5 1.6 0.65 0.31 DM PAH - Benzo(b) mg/kg 21 1.6 1.4 0.73 0.27 fluoranthene DM PAH - Benzo(k) mg/kg 8.5 0.65 0.63 0.29 0.11 fluoranthene DM PAH - mg/kg 16 0.92 0.91 0.37 0.14 Benzo(a)pyrene DM PAH - mg/kg <3.4 <0.17 <0.16 <0.08 <0.05 Dibenzo(ah) DM anthracene PAH - mg/kg 10 0.45 0.42 0.18 0.07 Indeno(123-cd) DM pyrene PAH - mg/kg 9.7 0.42 0.41 0.18 0.07 Benzo(ghi) DM perylene Total PAH mg/kg 168.5 27.5 32.9 13.9 9.1 DM