METHOD FOR INCREASING LONGEVITY AND/OR BUD OPENING OF CUT FLOWERS

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for increasing the bud opening and/or longevity of cut flowers by exposing the cut flowers to an oxytocin solution and/or a variant and/or derivative thereof.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the bud opening and/or longevity of cut flowers, said method comprising a) providing a solution comprising oxytocin, such as an aqueous oxytocin solution; b) exposing the ends of the stems of said cut flowers to said solution.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of oxytocin is about 0.05 to about 30 μM.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of oxytocin is about 0.05 to about 20 μM.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of oxytocin is about 0.1 to about 20 μM.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cut flowers are exposed to said solution comprising oxytocin for a time period of about at least 6 hours.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cut flowers are exposed to said solution comprising oxytocin at a temperature for from about 1 to about 25° C.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solution comprising oxytocin has a pH of from about 1 to about 9.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method is performed the first time the stems of said cut flowers are exposed to water after harvesting.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cut flowers are roses.

10. The method according to, wherein said oxytocin comprises or consists of one or more of the following: (i) oxytocin in accordance with SEQ ID NO:1, or a fragment thereof, (ii) a variant of oxytocin according to SEQ ID NO:2 possessing oxytocin activity, or a fragment thereof, wherein SEQ ID NO:2 is TABLE-US-00006 X.sub.1-X.sub.2-X.sub.3-X.sub.4-Asn-Cys-X.sub.5-X.sub.6-X.sub.7-X.sub.8-NH.sub.2 wherein X.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of Cys and nothing; X.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of Tyr, Phe, and nothing; X.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of lie, Val, Hoph, Phe, Cha, and nothing; X.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of Gin, Ser, Thr, Cit, Arg, and Daba; X.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of Pro and nothing; X.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of lie, Leu, nothing, Val, Hos, Daba, Thr, Arg, and Cit; X.sub.7 is selected from the group consisting of Gly, nothing, and Ala; X.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of Gly and nothing.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said oxytocin comprises or consists of oxytocin in accordance with SEQ ID NO:1, or a fragment thereof.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said oxytocin comprises or consists of the variant of oxytocin according to SEQ ID NO:2 possessing oxytocin activity, or a fragment thereof.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solution is an aqueous solution.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein said aqueous solution comprises no further solvent in addition to water.

15. (canceled)

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of oxytocin is about 5 μM to about 15 μM.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cut flowers are exposed to said solution comprising oxytocin for a time period of about 6 hours to about 30 days.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cut flowers are exposed to said solution comprising oxytocin at a temperature for from about 20° C. to about 25° C.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solution comprising oxytocin has a pH of from about 2 to about 5.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG. 1 shows the sum of different assessment scores for roses of the type Upper Class, which had been treated with oxytocin in a concentration of 0, 1, 2.5 or 10 μM in a cold room, at a time point of 4, 9, 15 and 20 days after being put in fresh tap water and moved to a home-like setting, as described in Example 1.

[0052] FIGS. 2A-2E show the mean score for each criterion for roses of the type Upper Class, which had been treated with oxytocin in a concentration of 0, 1, 2.5 or 10 μM of oxytocin in a cold room, at a time point of 4, 9, 15 and 20 days after being put in fresh tap water and moved to a home-like setting, as described in Example 1.

[0053] FIGS. 3A-3C show the degree of bud opening in roses of the Furiosa type at home-like setting after pretreatment in a cold room for 0.25, 1 or 3 days with oxytocin in a dose of 0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM, as described in Example 2.

[0054] FIG. 4 shows the number of days that roses of the Furiosa type, described in Example 2 and pretreated with oxytocin have a bud opening score above 1.5 (30% of full opening) after being put in tap water and moved to a home-like setting.

[0055] FIG. 5 shows the scores after a visual evaluation of the appearance of bouquets of the type Belle Rose from 0 to 16 days after being put in tap water and moved to a home-like setting after oxytocin pretreatment (according to FIG. 6) in a cold room according to Example 3. 30 points means that all the roses have developed in a nice way, are fresh and stand straight in the vases (i.e. no drooping), 0 points means that the roses have withered so that they would not have been possible to sell. Chrysal is a flower nutrient product often sold together with cut flowers.

[0056] FIG. 6 shows a representative picture of the effects of pretreatment with oxytocin in cold room on roses of the type Belle Rose on day 13 after the flowers were put in fresh tap water and moved to a home-like setting according to Example 3. From left to right: Chrysal+10 μM oxytocin; Chrysal+5 μM oxytocin; Chrysal+1 μM oxytocin; Chrysal; tap water. Chrysal is a flower nutrient product often sold together with cut flowers.

[0057] In this document, normal room temperature intends a temperature within the range of from about 20° C. to about 25° C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present inventors have surprisingly found that oxytocin can be used to increase the bud opening and/or longevity of cut flowers after they are harvested by exposing the cut flowers to oxytocin.

[0059] The present document thus discloses a for method for increasing the bud opening and/or longevity of cut flowers, said method comprising [0060] a) providing a solution comprising oxytocin, such as an aqueous oxytocin solution; [0061] b) exposing the ends of the stems of said cut flowers to said solution.

[0062] An increased longevity signifies that cut flowers' life cycle, such as highly perishable cut flowers' life cycle, is prolonged, e.g. the cut flowers remain aesthetically appealing for a longer time period and/or to a greater extent. An increased longevity may be manifested in that the petals, sepals and/or leaves of the cut flower look fresher or stay fresh for a longer time period. Further, an increased longevity may be shown as that the degree of or the number of flowers that are bent decreases (i.e. less drooping). The use of oxytocin thus increases the time until the cut flower withers.

[0063] An increased bud opening may for example mean that more of the buds of the flowers open and/or that the buds open more fully, that the open flower becomes bigger, and/or that the petals and/or sepals look more appealing.

[0064] The cut flowers are typically exposed to the solution comprising oxytocin by placing the cut flowers into said solution so that at least the cut end of the stem is covered by the solution comprising oxytocin.

[0065] The cut flowers may be exposed to a solution comprising oxytocin by immersing the cut flowers' in the solution comprising oxytocin the first time they are put in water after harvesting and/or at a later time point. Within the commercial trade of cut flowers, cut flowers are in general freeze-dried direct upon harvesting and/or stored in a cold place for transport and not put into water until later. Putting the cut flowers in a solution comprising oxytocin the first time the cut flowers are put into water after harvesting, which may thus be seen as a pre-treatment, results in an increased longevity of the cut flower as demonstrated in the experimental section. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to expose the cut flowers to a solution comprising oxytocin at later stages of the cut flowers' life cycle and thus achieve an increased longevity.

[0066] Thus, the cut flowers may be immersed in a solution comprising oxytocin at any time point during the supply chain until they are discarded. It may be preferred to at least perform the method the first time the stems of said cut flowers are exposed to water after harvesting and/or freeze-drying.

[0067] The cut flowers are typically exposed to the solution comprising oxytocin for a time period of at least 1 hour, such as at least 5 hours, such as at least 6 hours, such as about 6 hours to about 30 days, about 6 hours to about 20 days, about 6 hours to about 19 days, about 1 day to about 19 days, about 3 days to about 19 days, such as about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 days.

[0068] The concentration of oxytocin is typically at least 0.05 μM, such as at least 0.1 μM or at least 1 μM, such as about 0.05 to about 30 μM, about 0.05 to about 20 μM, about 0.1 to about 20 μM, about 0.5 to about 20 μM, about 1 to about 20 μM, about 5 to about 20 μM, about 5 to about 15 μM or about 10 μM, such as about 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or 30 μM.

[0069] The cut flowers are typically exposed to the solution comprising oxytocin at a temperature of about 1 to about 35° C. such as from about 1 to about 25° C., from about 1 to about 20° C., from about 1 to about 15° C., from about 1 to about 10° C., from about 5 to about 10° C., from about 10 to about 15° C., from about 20 to about 25° C., or from about 20 to about 22° C., such as from about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 or 26° C.

[0070] The solution comprising oxytocin may have any pH as long as this does not harm the cut flower. Typically, the pH may be from about 1 to about 9, such as from about 2 to about 8, from about 2 to about 7, from about 2 to about 6, from about 2 to about 5, from about 2 to about 4, from about 3 to about 5, from about 3 to about 4, such as about, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.

[0071] The solution comprising oxytocin may consist of oxytocin and water, such as tap water. However, it is also possible to add further substances to the solution comprising oxytocin, such as substances commonly added to improve the health and longevity of cut flowers.

[0072] As is demonstrated in the experimental section (see Examples 1-3), treating the cut flowers with oxytocin the first time the cut flowers are put into water after harvesting, results in an increased bud opening and/or longevity of the cut flowers. After this pre-treatment with oxytocin, the cut flowers were moved to a home-like setting, i.e. placed at room temperature in regular tap water and the appearance of the cut flowers over time was observed. It was surprisingly found that the cut flowers that had been exposed to oxytocin had an increased longevity and/or increased bud opening. The oxytocin was thus shown to exert its effect even after the cut flowers had been placed in regular tap water without any oxytocin, i.e. when the oxytocin only was used as a pre-treatment.

[0073] Instead of, or in addition to, oxytocin, it is possible to use a fragment and/or variant of oxytocin according to SEQ ID NO:2 possessing oxytocin activity, [0074] wherein SEQ ID NO:2 is

TABLE-US-00003 X.sub.1-X.sub.2-X.sub.3-X.sub.4-Asn-Cys-X.sub.5-X.sub.6-X.sub.7-X.sub.8-NH.sub.2 [0075] wherein [0076] X.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of Cys and nothing; [0077] X.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of Tyr, Phe, and nothing; [0078] X.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of Ile, Val, Hoph, Phe, Cha, and nothing; [0079] X.sub.4 is selected from the group consisting of Gln, Ser, Thr, Cit, Arg, and Daba; [0080] X.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of Pro and nothing; [0081] X.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of Ile, Leu, nothing, Val, Hos, Daba, Thr, Arg, and Cit; [0082] X.sub.7 is selected from the group consisting of Gly, nothing, and Ala; [0083] X.sub.8 is selected from the group consisting of Gly and nothing;

[0084] Examples of such oxytocin fragments or variants are given in SEQ ID NO: 3-24. When such a fragment and/or variant of oxytocin is used, the concentration of said fragment and/or variant may be the same as specified herein for oxytocin. Further, if a combination of oxytocin and fragments and/or variants thereof are used, then the total concentration of oxytocin and the fragment and/or variant thereof may be as specified herein.

[0085] The present document is also directed to the use of oxytocin and/or a fragment and/or variant thereof as defined herein for increasing the bud opening and/or longevity of cut flowers.

[0086] The cut flowers that are exposed to the solution comprising oxytocin may be any kind of cut flower. For example, the cut flowers may be roses. Other examples of cut flowers that may be exposed to the solution comprising oxytocin and/or a fragment and/or variant thereof as defined herein are tulips, carnations, lilies, asters, orchids, ornamental leaves etc.

[0087] The invention will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Example 1: The Effect of Oxytocin on the Survival of Cut Flowers

[0088] The stalks of newly delivered roses of the type Upper class were cut (1 cm from the lowest part of the stem) and thereafter the roses were placed in buckets containing water with different doses of oxytocin (For doses see Table 1 and kept in a cold-storage room for 18 days. Four roses were included in each treatment group.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 1 Doses of oxytocin uM oxytocin 0 0.1 0.25 0.5 1 2.5 5 10

[0089] Thereafter, the roses were moved to a home-like setting with normal room temperature. The stalk of the roses was cut again and the roses were placed in individual vases filled with tap water.

[0090] The appearance of the roses was assessed at 4, 9, 15 and 20 days after being moved to the home-like setting according to the criteria demonstrated in Table 2. The assessment criteria were: degree of bud opening (i.e. degree of flower turn-out), degree of drooping (i.e. how bent the stalk was, freshness of the petals, freshness of the sepals and freshness of stem leaves. Each assessment criterion was given a score from 1-5 according to the description. An average score based on all the assessment criteria was also calculated.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2 Assessment of the five criteria florescence, drooping, freshness of petals, freshness of sepals. Criterion Score Assessment Comments Bud opening 5 100% Fully open 4  80% 3  60% 2  40% 1  20% 0  0% Bud Drooping 5  0° Straight 4  30° 3  60° 2  90° 1 120° 0 150° Inflorescence bent 150° Freshness 5 100% Completely fresh petals of petals 4  80% 3  60% 2  40% 1  20% 0  0% Completely dried petals Freshness 5 100% Completely fresh sepals sepals 4  80% 3  60% 2  40% 1  20% 0  0% Completely dried sepals Freshness 5 100% Completely fresh stem leaves 4  80% 3  60% 2  40% 1  20% 0  0% Completely dry/fallen off

[0091] The results show that treatment with oxytocin in doses between 1-10 μmolar concentration affected the composite score as well as all the individual assessments in a positive direction, see FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.

Experiment 2: The Effect of Oxytocin on the Florescence of Roses of the Type “Furiosa”

[0092] The stalks of newly delivered roses of the type Furiosa were cut (1 cm from the lowest part of the stem) and thereafter the roses were placed in buckets containing water with different doses of oxytocin (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) and kept in a cold-storage room for 0.25, 1.3 and 19 days. Nine roses were included in each treatment group.

[0093] Thereafter, the roses were moved to a home like setting with normal room temperature. The stalks of the roses were again cut and the roses were placed in individual vases filled with tap water.

[0094] The appearance of the roses was assessed at 0, 4, 7, 12, 15, 18 and 20 days according to the criteria demonstrated in Table 2 (see Example 1). The assessment criteria were: degree of bud opening (i.e. degree of flower turn-out), degree of drooping (i.e. how bent the stalk was, freshness of the petals, freshness of the sepals and freshness of the stem leaves. Each assessment criterion was given a score from 1-5 according to the description. An average score based on all the assessment criteria was also calculated.

[0095] The results show that oxytocin, in particular at a dosage of 10 μM, increased the degree of bud opening. The effect was more pronounced after treatment with oxytocin for 3 days than for 6 hours, see FIG. 3. In addition, the duration of time during which the roses kept fresh and attractive increased in response to oxytocin, in particular with 10 μM oxytocin, see FIG. 4.

Example 3: The Effect of Oxytocin on the Survival of Roses of the Type “Belle Rose”

[0096] The stalks of newly delivered roses of the type Belle Rose were cut (1 cm from the lowest part of the stem) and thereafter the roses were placed in buckets containing tap water or tap water with different doses of oxytocin (0, 1, 5 and 10 μM in the presence of Chrysal) and kept in a cold-storage room for 3 days. Eight to nine roses were included in each bucket.

[0097] Thereafter, the roses were moved to a home like setting with normal room temperature. The stalks of the roses were again cut and the rose bouquets were placed in vases filled with tap water.

[0098] The appearance of the roses was assessed at 0, 2, 4, 7 10 and 13 days after being placed in the home like setting according to the criteria shown in Table 2 (see Example 1). The assessment criteria were: degree of bud opening (i.e. degree of flower turn-out), degree of drooping (i.e. how bent the stalk was, freshness of the petals, freshness of the sepals and freshness of the stem leaves. Each assessment criterion was given a score from 1-5 according to the description. An average score based on all the assessment criteria was also calculated.

[0099] The results show that oxytocin, in particular at a dosage of 10 μM, increased the level of florescence. In addition, the duration of time during which the roses kept fresh and attractive increased in response to oxytocin, in particular at 10 μM oxytocin, see FIGS. 5 and 6.