APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GRINDING LUMPY MATERIAL

Abstract

The object of the invention is an apparatus and a method for grinding lumpy material. The solution according to the invention comprises a grinding plate (2) rotating on the horizontal plane around a vertical axis of rotation, onto the top surface of which the material (3) to be ground can be fed, and on the top surface (8) of which grinding plate is a plurality of grinding discs (4a), which rotate by the effect of the rotating motion of the grinding plate (2) and compress the material to be ground against the grinding plate (2). The apparatus comprises a revolver mechanism for changing the angle of the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) with respect to a line in the direction of the radius of the grinding plate (2).

Claims

1. Apparatus for grinding lumpy material, which apparatus comprises a grinding plate (2) rotating around a vertical axis of rotation on the horizontal plane, onto the top surface of which the material (3) to be ground can be fed, and on the top surface (8) of which grinding plate is a plurality of grinding discs (4a), which rotate by the effect of the rotating motion of the grinding plate (2) and compress the material to be ground against the grinding plate (2), and that in the apparatus is a plurality of grinding disc units (4) comprising grinding disc (4a), each of which grinding disc units (4) is suspended on its own drive shaft (6), which drive shafts (6) are parallel with the axis of rotation of the grinding plate (2), characterized in that the apparatus comprises a revolver mechanism (11) for changing the angle of the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) by turning the shaft (4b) of the grinding discs (4a) in the horizontal direction with respect to a line (R1) in the direction of the radius of the grinding plate (2), which revolver mechanism (11) preferably comprises e.g. a pressure cylinder and an articulation mechanism suited to the purpose.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the revolver mechanism (11) is arranged to change the angle of the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) by turning the shaft (4b) of the grinding discs (4a) in the horizontal direction with respect to a line (R1) in the direction of the radius of the grinding plate (2).

3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the apparatus is a plurality of grinding disc units (4) comprising one or more grinding discs (4a), each of which units is suspended on its own drive shaft (6), to which is connected the aforementioned revolver mechanism (11) for revolving the drive shaft (6) around its vertical center axis for changing the angle of the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a).

4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each drive shaft (6) comprises a revolver mechanism (11) driving its own shaft, independently or synchronously with other drive shafts (6), for revolving the drive shaft (6) around its vertical center axis for changing the angle of the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a).

5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a plurality of pressing mechanisms (6a) producing compressive force, the compressive force being arranged to press the grinding disc units (4) towards the top surface (8) of the grinding plate (2).

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the compressive force of the pressing mechanisms (6a) is arranged to press the grinding disc units (4) towards the top surface (8) of the grinding plate (2) from the horizontal shaft (4b) of the grinding disc units (4) via the drive shaft (6).

7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) is essentially vertical.

8. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in each grinding disc unit (4) are one or more grinding discs (4a), which are mounted on bearings on the same horizontal shaft (4b).

9. Method for grinding lumpy material, the method comprising a grinding plate (2) rotatable on the horizontal plane around a vertical axis of rotation, onto the top surface of which the material (3) to be ground is fed, and on the top surface (8) of which grinding plate the material to be ground is rotated, by means of the rotating motion of the grinding plate (2), against the compressing grinding discs (4a), and that a grinding disc (4a) is forming a grinding disc unit (4), each of which grinding disc units (4) is suspended on its awn drive shaft (6), which drive shafts (6) are parallel with the axis of rotation of the grinding plate (2), characterized in that the angle of the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) is changed with respect to a line (R1) in the direction of the radius of the grinding plate (2) with a revolver mechanism (11), which revolver mechanism (11) preferably comprises e.g. a pressure cylinder and an articulation mechanism suited to the purpose, creating a grinding friction force between the surfaces of the grinding discs (4a) and the grinding plate (2).

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) is revolved around the vertical axis of rotation (5a).

11. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that when revolving the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) around the vertical axis of rotation (5a), the plane of rotation (RP) is kept perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the top surface of the grinding plate (2).

12. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) is revolved by the vertical drive shaft (6) of the grinding discs (4a) by means of a revolver mechanism (11) connected to the drive shaft (6).

13. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that each drive shaft (6) is revolved around its vertical center axis independently or synchronously with other drive shafts (6).

14. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the grinding discs (4a) are pressed against the top surface (8) of the grinding plate (2) by means of pressing mechanisms (6a) producing compressive force.

15. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that, for improving the grinding result, a grinding friction force is exerted on the material (3) to be ground between the grinding discs (4a) and the surface (8) of the grinding plate (2) by revolving the plane of rotation (RP) of the grinding discs (4a) and/or by pressing the grinding discs (4a) against the top surface (8) of the grinding plate (2)

Description

[0015] In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by the aid of some preferred embodiments with reference to the simplified and diagrammatic drawings attached, wherein

[0016] FIG. 1 presents a simplified and partially sectioned side view of the apparatus, e.g. a plane grinder, according to the invention,

[0017] FIG. 2 presents a simplified top view of the apparatus according to FIG. 1 sectioned along the line A-A of FIG. 1 and also the grinding discs in their first rotational position,

[0018] FIG. 3 presents a simplified top view of the apparatus according to FIG. 1, sectioned along the line A-A of FIG. 1 and also removed from the frame part of the apparatus, and the grinding discs in their second rotational position, and

[0019] FIG. 4 presents a magnified top view of a grinding disc pair used in the invention, sectioned along line A-A of FIG. 1.

[0020] FIGS. 1 and 2 present a simplified and partially cross-sectioned plane grinder to be used in the solution according to the invention. The plane grinder in FIG. 1 is presented as viewed from the side, and in FIG. 2 as viewed from the top and sectioned along the line A-A of FIG. 1, as well as the grinding disc units 4 in their first rotational position.

[0021] The apparatus, i.e. preferably plane grinder, according to the invention comprises and enclosure-type frame part 1 and inside it an essentially planar grinding plate 2 mounted on one or more support bearings 2a and rotating on the horizontal plane around its vertical axis of rotation in the direction of the arrow C, onto the top surface 3 of which the material 3 to be ground can be fed via the input aperture 1a. The material to be ground is e.g. steel slag crushed into lumpy material and containing residual lime.

[0022] On the top surface 8 of the grinding plate 2 is a plurality of grinding disc units 4 with their grinding discs 4a, which rotate essentially around their horizontal axis of rotation by the effect of the rotating motion of the grinding plate 2. Each grinding disc unit 4 is fitted by means of its vertical drive shaft 6 to its own support means 5, preferably to a hollow vertical shaft, which is fixed immovably to the cover of the frame part 1. Each drive shaft 6 is fastened at its bottom end to its grinding disc unit 4.

[0023] In addition, the apparatus comprises a pressing mechanism 6a for each grinding disc unit 4. The pressing mechanism 6a can preferably be inside a hollow, tubular support means 5 and arranged to press the grinding discs 4a against the grinding plate 2. The pressing mechanism 6a can comprise e.g. one or more power means, such as a hydraulic cylinder, which is adapted to press the vertical drive shaft 6 in the vertical direction towards the grinding plate 2. The grinding discs 4a press the material 3 to be ground against the grinding plate 2 from the effect of the compressive forces acting on the grinding discs 4a.

[0024] By revolving the drive shaft 6 around its vertical center axis, the grinding disc unit 4 simultaneously revolves around its vertical center axis, i.e. around its vertical axis of rotation 5a. Preferably the vertical center axis of the support means 5, the vertical center axis of the drive shaft 6, and the vertical axis of rotation 5a of the grinding disc unit 4 are all on the same straight vertical line. When the grinding disc unit 4 revolves around its vertical axis of rotation 5a, the plane of rotation of each grinding disc 4a simultaneously pivots. This function can also be called revolving of the plane of rotation around the axis of rotation 5a.

[0025] In this case the friction between the top surface 8 of the grinding plate 1 and the grinding discs 4a increases and a grinding friction force is produced in the material to be ground between the grinding discs 4a and the surface 8 of the grinding plate 2, which force improves the grinding result. Preferably the compressive force of the pressing mechanism 6a acts on the grinding disc unit 4 and grinding discs 4a via the drive shaft 6.

[0026] The revolving of the drive shafts 6 around their center axes, e.g. in the manner presented by the arrow B in either rotation direction whatsoever, is realized with the revolver mechanism 11 of the solution, which preferably comprises e.g. a pressure cylinder and an articulation mechanism suited to the purpose. The revolver mechanism 11, which is presented in conjunction with only one grinding disc unit 4 and diagrammatically with a dot-and-dash line in FIGS. 2 and 3, can be disposed e.g. on the cover of the frame part 1 or in some other suitable location on the frame part 1. The revolver mechanism 11 can be e.g. inside the frame part 1 fastened to the roof or side wall of the frame part.

[0027] The material 3 to be ground is fed via the input aperture 1a into the plane grinder, preferably to the center of the grinding plate 2. The material 3 drops from the input aperture 1a onto the conical grinder 7 at the center point of the grinding plate 2, where it is pre-ground, after which the material to be ground drops onto the top surface 8 of the grinding plate 1. Preferably the conical grinder 7 comprises a cone narrowing upwards rotating along with the grinding plate 2 and a non-rotating counter-cone opening downwards, between which cones is a narrow gap through which the material to be ground is able to drop onto the top surface R of the grinding plate 1.

[0028] The material ground between the grinding plate 2 and the grinding discs 4a forms fine dust-like lime, which is very light and which is easy to remove via the apertures 9 in the top cover of the frame part 1 of the grinder, either with an air extractor or by means of positive pressure inside the frame part 1 of the grinder, into a suitable collection container for further processing. The coarser material, which contains ground steel slag containing particles of steel and larger particles of lime, is conducted via holes in the bottom part, e.g. in the base, of the frame part 1 of the grinder to a conveyor below, from where the material is again conducted into the input aperture 1a of the grinder for regrinding.

[0029] FIG. 3 presents a simplified top view of a plane grinder according to FIG. 1, sectioned along the line A-A of FIG. 1 and also removed from the frame part 1 of the plane grinder, and the grinding discs 4a in another rotational position.

[0030] In the situation presented by FIG. 3 each grinding disc unit 4 is revolved around its vertical axis of rotation 5a with its own drive shaft 6 to the extent of the desired angle of rotation D. In this case the axis of rotation R2 of the grinding discs 4a of the grinding disc unit 4 is at an angle D with respect to the line R1 in a direction of the radius of the grinding plate 2 at the point of the grinding disc unit 4. In such a case the aforementioned line R1 in a direction of the radius crosses the vertical axis of rotation 5a of each grinding disc unit 4, i.e. center axis, preferably at a right angle to it.

[0031] Correspondingly, the plane of rotation RP of each grinding disc 4a, e.g. the plane in the direction of the side of the disc, is at an angle of 90?-D with respect to a line R1 in the direction of the radius of the grinding plate 2 at the point of the axis of rotation 5a of the grinding disc unit 4.

[0032] The angle D can be any angle whatsoever and can be negative or positive with respect to the line R1 in the direction of the radius of the grinding plate 2. Furthermore, the angle D can be equal or also unequal always at the same time for each grinding disc unit 4, in which case the grinding result of each grinding disc unit 4 is different.

[0033] FIG. 4 presents a magnified top view of one grinding disc pair, i.e. a grinding disc unit 4 comprising two grinding discs 4a, used in the invention, sectioned along the line A-A of FIG. 1. This unit has two similar grinding discs 4a, which are connected to each other preferably with a horizontal shaft 4b, on the ends of which the discs 4a are mounted on bearings. The center axis of the horizontal shaft 4b is simultaneously the axis of rotation R2 of the grinding discs 4a, which axis is preferably horizontal. A dual-disc or a multidisc grinding disc unit 4 is fastened to its drive shaft 6, preferably symmetrically as viewed from above at the center point of the unit, via which the vertical axis of rotation 5a of the grinding disc unit 4 in this case passes. In such a case by revolving the drive shaft 6 around its vertical axis of rotation, the planes of rotation of all the grinder discs 4a of one grinder disc unit 4 revolve symmetrically by the extent of the angle of rotation D. In FIG. 4 the plane of rotation RP of only one grinding disc 4a is marked with a dot-and-dash line. Preferably the plane of rotation RP is vertical.

[0034] A dual-disc grinding disc unit 4 is fastened to its drive shaft 6 preferably at the center of the horizontal axis 4b. There can also be just one grinding disc 4a in a grinding disc unit, in which case the fastening of the disc to the drive shaft 6 can be done from just one side of the horizontal shaft 4b or from both sides of the disc. Preferably in this case the center axis of the drive shaft 6 is on the same line, as viewed from above, as the center point of the disc 4a, in which case the vertical axis of rotation 5a of the disc and the axis of rotation, i.e. center axis, of the drive shaft 6 coincide. The center axis of the drive shaft 6 in a single-disc grinding disc 4 can also be on a different vertical line to the axis of rotation 5a of the grinding disc 4a.

[0035] There can be more than two grinding discs 4a attached to the same horizontal shaft 4b on which the compressive force of the pressing mechanism 6a acts via the drive shaft 6.

[0036] The grinding disc unit 4 can also be the bogie-type wheel assembly of a train or airplane, comprising two or more horizontal shafts 4b and which is rotatable in the manner described by the arrow B around the vertical center axis, i.e. axis of rotation, of the drive shaft 6 fastened to the grinding disc unit 4. When the grinding disc unit 4 comprises a number of grinding discs 4a, the total surface area of the grinding disc unit 4 expands.

[0037] The shaft 4b of the grinding discs 4a can also be inclined into an angle with respect to the plane of the surface of the grinding plate 2 if the cross-sectional shape of the discs so requires or if there is a groove suited to this type of profile shape on the contact surface of the grinding plate 2 and grinding discs 4a. In such a case, however, the solution must enable revolving of the grinding disc unit 4 around its axis of rotation 5a.

[0038] The grinding disc unit 4 can be fastened to the drive shaft 6 in such a way that the unit receives an oscillating, wobbling sideways movement when the unit 4 is revolved in the manner indicated by the arrow B. The revolving motion can be for a unit 4 separately or a connected series. The pressing mechanism 6a can comprise one or more hydraulic cylinders or other power means, known per se in the art, producing a compressive force.

[0039] It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the examples described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the plane grinder apparatus can differ in its structural solution to what is presented above.

[0040] It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the suspension structure of the grinding disc units can be different to what is described above. In this case e.g. the pressing of the grinding discs against the surface of the grinding plate could have been realized with other solutions than with a power cylinder concurrent with the direction of the vertical axis of the support means. The grinding discs can be pressed against the surface of the grinding plate by some suitable power means e.g. from the side of the grinding disc unit.

[0041] It is also obvious to the person skilled in the art that the suspension of a grinding disc unit can be realized otherwise than with one drive shaft revolvable around its center axis. What is essential is that the structure of the plane grinder comprises means for turning the plane of rotation of the grinding discs to different angles with respect to the line between the position of the grinding discs and the center point of the grinding plate.