Abstract
A multifunctional ceiling structure, in particular for living spaces and workspaces, and includes multiple heat-conducting profiles that are directly or indirectly fastened to a building ceiling, and a downwardly directed mounting surface, with a line receiving region formed in the mounting surface. Furthermore, a heating medium line is provided that runs in the line receiving region of the heat-conducting profiles and conducts a heat-transporting medium. A ceiling panel is fastened to the mounting surface of the heat-conducting profiles and is in heat-conducting contact with the heating medium line. An absorber strip made up of sound absorber elements extends along an upper abutting edge that runs between a building wall and the plane of the ceiling panel. The sound absorber elements have a width of 200-400 mm, a thickness of 25-65 mm, and a length-specific flow resistance in the range of 8-10 kPa*s/m.sup.4.
Claims
1. A multifunctional ceiling structure, in particular for living spaces and workspaces, including: multiple heat-conducting profiles that are directly or indirectly fastened to a building ceiling, the heat-conducting profiles having a downwardly directed mounting surface, wherein a line receiving region is formed in the mounting surface; a heating medium line in the line receiving region of each of the heat-conducting profiles and conducts a heat-transporting medium; a ceiling panel fastened to the mounting surface of the heat-conducting profiles and is in heat-conducting contact with the heating medium line; and an absorber strip, made up of sound absorber elements, the absorber strip extending, at least in sections, along an upper abutting edge that runs between a building wall and a plane of the ceiling panel, wherein the sound absorber elements have a width of 200-400 mm, a thickness of 25-65 mm, and a length-specific flow resistance in the range of 8-10 kPa*s/m4.
2. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein the ceiling panel is made of a noncombustible material, and in particular is designed as a fire protection panel.
3. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein the ceiling panel extends essentially to the building wall, and the absorber strip is mounted on the bottom side of the ceiling panel that is directed into the room.
4. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein a strip-shaped free space in which the absorber strip runs extends between the ceiling panel and the building wall wherein a bottom side of the ceiling panel directed into the room and a bottom side of the absorber strip directed into the room are situated in a plane.
5. The multifunctional ceiling structure according claim 1, wherein the heat-conducting profiles are mounted on support profiles that are mounted on the building ceiling via hangers, wherein the hangers have a vibration damping section.
6. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, further comprising a metallic heat-conducting plate or foil situated, at least in sections, between the ceiling panel and the mounting surface of the heat-conducting profiles.
7. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic fire protection seal that runs between the edge of the ceiling panel and/or the edge of the absorber strip.
8. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein the ceiling panel has an increased fire resistance value.
9. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein the ceiling panel has a two-layer design, and wherein an upwardly directed layer of the ceiling panel extends to the building wall, and downwardly directed layers leave open the strip-shaped free space in which the absorber strip runs.
10. The multifunctional ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein the absorber strip is detachably mounted.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0056] Further particulars and advantages of the ceiling structure according to the invention and the sound-insulated room equipped with same result from the following description of preferred embodiments, with reference to the drawings, which show the following:
[0057] FIG. 1 shows a simplified sectional view of a first embodiment of a multifunctional ceiling structure according to the invention, with an absorber strip mounted on a ceiling panel;
[0058] FIG. 2 shows a simplified sectional view of a second embodiment of the multifunctional ceiling structure, with an absorber strip integrated into a ceiling panel;
[0059] FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the ceiling, not true to scale, of a sound-insulated room equipped with the multifunctional ceiling structure;
[0060] FIG. 4 shows the absorber strip in the room, situated on the ceiling panel;
[0061] FIG. 5 shows a simplified sectional view of a modified embodiment of the multifunctional ceiling structure, with absorber strips integrated into the ceiling panel but with omission of support profiles;
[0062] FIG. 6 shows a simplified sectional view of another modified embodiment of the multifunctional ceiling structure, with absorber strips mounted on the ceiling panel but with omission of support profiles;
[0063] FIG. 7 shows a simplified sectional view of further embodiments of the multifunctional ceiling structure;
[0064] FIG. 8 shows a simplified sectional view of a modified embodiment of the multifunctional ceiling structure, with absorber strips mounted on the building wall;
[0065] FIG. 9 shows a simplified sectional view of a modified embodiment of the multifunctional ceiling structure, with absorber strips integrated into the building wall; and
[0066] FIG. 10 shows a diagram illustrating measured values of the reverberation time in differently configured rooms over a wide frequency range.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0067] FIG. 1 shows a simplified sectional view of a first embodiment of a multifunctional ceiling structure according to the invention. The ceiling structure here includes numerous hangers 10 that are mounted on a building ceiling 11 and that extend downwardly into a room 01. The hangers 10 preferably have a vibration damping section 12 via which acoustic decoupling and damping, in particular of impact sound from building stories situated above the building ceiling 11, take place. The ceiling structure in this case has further support profiles 13 that are mounted on the hangers 10. Multiple heat-conducting profiles 14 having a downwardly pointing mounting surface are mounted on the support profiles 13. Provided in the mounting surface of the heat-conducting profiles 14 is a line receiving region 15 that extends along the longitudinal axis of the support profile. Sections of a heating medium line 16 are laid in the receiving region 15, preferably with optimized heat-conductive contact with the climate profile, so that good heat transport to and from the mounting surfaces may take place.
[0068] A ceiling panel 17 whose bottom side is directed toward the room 01 is mounted on the mounting surfaces of the heat-conducting profiles 14. The ceiling panel 17 is in good direct or indirect heat-conductive contact with the heating medium line 16, so that heating or cooling of the room 01 takes place, depending on the temperature of the heating medium flowing through the heating medium line 16.
[0069] Lastly, the ceiling structure has an absorber strip 03, which in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 is mounted on the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17, in particular in such a way that the absorber strip 03 extends to the abutting edge between the ceiling panel 17 and an adjoining building wall 18. In addition, a flexible fire protection seal (not shown) may be mounted in the appropriate joint in order to seal between the ceiling panel 17 and the adjoining building wall 18.
[0070] FIG. 2 shows a simplified sectional view of a second embodiment of the multifunctional ceiling structure. The main difference from the embodiment described above is that the absorber strip 03 is not attached to the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17, but instead runs in a strip-shaped free space 21 left open between the ceiling panel 17 and the building wall 18. In this case the absorber strip 03 is fastened to the support profile 13, for example. The width of the absorber strip 03 is preferably dimensioned such that it completely fills the free space between the ceiling panel 17 and the building wall 18; once again a fire protection seal (not shown) may be situated in the joint. The thickness of the absorber strip 03 is preferably dimensioned such that on its bottom side it lies in a plane with the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17, resulting in a uniform appearance of the ceiling surface.
[0071] Another special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is the connection between the support profile 13 and the heat-conducting profiles 14, implemented here by intermediate hangers 22. The hangers 10 may be mounted on the ceiling beam 23, for example, depending on the design of the building ceiling. Lastly, FIG. 2 illustrates that thermal insulation 24 may be situated in a cavity between the support profile and the building ceiling 11 to limit heat loss at the top. In particular applications, upper heat-conducting profiles 26, in which further heating medium lines 16 may be laid as needed, may also be situated in this cavity.
[0072] FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the ceiling, not true to scale, of the room 01 equipped with the ceiling structure according to FIG. 1 or 2. The floor area of the room is preferably 40-130 m.sup.2. The sound-absorbing absorber strip 03 that extends circumferentially along the abutting edges 02 of the room 01 is situated at the upper abutting edges 02. The absorber strip 03 is situated on the ceiling panel 17 and extends in each case to the corner (abutting edge) formed between the building wall 18 and the ceiling panel 17. There is a fixed, optionally full-surface connection, for example in the form of an adhesive connection or a mechanical connection, for example by means of clamps, between the ceiling panel 17 and the absorber strip 03 or between the ceiling panel 17 and the support profile. Alternatively, the ceiling panel 17 may have the free space 21 for accommodating the absorber strip 03 in a complete or partial cross section.
[0073] The absorber strip 03 is made up of one, or preferably multiple, sound absorber elements made of a nonductile foam, preferably a glass-based foam containing a portion of expanded glass granulate. This material is well suited for sound insulation and may be easily processed. The sound absorber elements have a length-specific flow resistance in the range of 8-10 kPa*s/m.sup.4, preferably 8-9 kPa*s/m.sup.4.
[0074] The absorber strip preferably has a width between 250 mm and 500 mm and a thickness of 25 mm to 60 mm. The absorber strip 03 preferably has a plate-shaped design. Multiple sound absorber elements are continuously lined up in a row, without spaces in between, to form a circumferential absorber strip 03. In alternative embodiments, the absorber strips 03 may also extend only in sections at the upper abutting edges of the room 01.
[0075] FIG. 4 shows the absorber strip 03 situated at the upper edge 02 of the room 01, corresponding to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. The reflections of diffuse sound waves occurring in this edge region are illustrated in a highly simplified manner by arrows. The incident sound waves are reflected primarily in the region of the upper edge of the room at the wall and the ceiling, so that a particularly good absorption effect may be achieved by means of absorber strips 03.
[0076] FIG. 5 shows one modified embodiment of the ceiling structure, characterized in particular in that the support profiles have been omitted. In other respects, this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 2, since the absorber strip 03 is situated in a free space 21 between the building wall 18 and the ceiling panel 17. When the support profiles are omitted, the heat-conducting profiles 14 may be mounted on the building ceiling 11 in various ways, a few examples of which are shown in FIG. 5. Thus, the heat-conducting profiles 14 may be directly fastened to the building ceiling 11 via hangers 10, or by insertion into U profiles 27, or by some other way of fastening to the building ceiling 11, preferably with an insulation strip 28 situated in between to prevent undesirable heat transfer into the building ceiling.
[0077] FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the ceiling structure, likewise, characterized in particular in that the support profiles have been omitted. In other respects, this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, since the absorber strip 03 is mounted on the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17. The heat-conducting profiles 14 are directly fastened to the building ceiling 11 via hangers 10. Continuous thermal insulation 24 is situated in the area between the suspended heat-conducting profiles 14 and the bottom side of the building ceiling 11 for insulation purposes.
[0078] FIG. 7 likewise shows a sectional illustration of further design options for the multifunctional ceiling structure. The building ceiling is not illustrated here. One of the support profiles 13 and two heat-conducting profiles 14 mounted thereon are shown; the manner in which the heat-conducting profiles are mounted on the building ceiling is not relevant. The design of the bottom surface of the ceiling structure differs from the embodiments described above. While the main portion of the surface of the room 01 is spanned by the ceiling panel 17, either a perforated panel 29 or an acoustic panel 31, whose bottom side lies in a plane with the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17, is situated below the absorber strips, i.e., at the edges of the room. This gives the appearance of a flat, two-dimensional room ceiling. However, sufficient acoustic openings, such as holes or pores, are provided in the edge regions to allow the sound waves occurring in the room to have essentially unhindered access to the absorber strips 03.
[0079] FIG. 8 shows yet another modified embodiment of the ceiling structure, characterized in that the absorber strip 03 is mounted on the building wall 18. In other respects, this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 1. In this case, however, the absorber strip 03 adjoins the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17 and runs vertically on the building wall. The ceiling panel 17 extends above the absorber strip 03 until reaching the building wall, optionally leaving space for an expansion joint. The expansion joint is concealed by the absorber strip 03, which with regard to fire protection requirements results in an increased fire resistance time. The heat-conducting profiles 14 are mounted on the support profile 13, which is fastened to the building ceiling 11 via hangers 10.
[0080] FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the ceiling structure, likewise, characterized in that the absorber strip 03 is situated at the building wall 18, but is integrated into same instead of being mounted on it, resulting in a continuous wall surface without elevations. In other respects, this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 5. In this case, however, the absorber strip 03 adjoins the bottom side of the ceiling panel 17 and runs vertically on the building wall. The ceiling panel 17 extends to the building wall, optionally leaving space for an expansion joint. The heat-conducting profiles 14 are fastened directly to the building ceiling 11. Continuous thermal insulation 24 is situated in the area between the heat-conducting profiles 14 and the bottom side of the building ceiling 11 for insulation purposes.
[0081] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of multiple measured value curves for the reverberation time over a wide frequency range. The individual curves have been recorded in the same room having a floor area of 10 m20 m, with the walls and the ceiling made of standard reinforced concrete.
[0082] Curve 1) shows the progression of the reverberation time in the original room, i.e., without installation of the sound absorber arrangement.
[0083] Curve 2) shows the reverberation time after installation of the absorber strips, mounted circumferentially in the room at the ceiling and in each case running up to the upper abutting edge. The reverberation time decreases uniformly by approximately 0.3-0.4 s over all frequencies. This result is not entirely satisfactory and is attributed to the fact that the room has a floor area much greater than 120 m.sup.2.
[0084] Curves 3), 4), and 5) show the reverberation times in the room when it has been divided into acoustic cells of <120 m.sup.2. This division was carried out in each case by mounting the same sound absorber elements to the ceiling in the interior of the room along straight lines, resulting in a grid having surface areas of 1200, 2100, and 450 m.sup.2. It is apparent that the reverberation times have decreased drastically, by more than 1 s over the entire frequency range. The surprising effect occurs with acoustic room sizes at or below 100 m.sup.2. The acoustic absorption capacity may also be improved compared to the described sound absorber arrangement, but only by a disproportionately small extent, by multiple installations. The absorber design thus shows an optimum with regard to the quantity of installed absorbers and the achieved absorption capacity.
