Abstract
A rotary cutting tool having an axis of rotation, a shank area, and a cutting area. The rotary tool has chip flutes reaching as far as a core profile in the cutting area. In order to reduce vibrations of the rotary cutting tool and therefore to permit precise machining and high surface quality with long service lives, the center line of the core profile has a course that deviates from the axis of rotation of the rotary cutting tool and/or the core profile contains mutually alternating sections with increasing cross-sectional area and sections with decreasing cross-sectional area over the length of the cutting area.
Claims
1. A milling cutter having an axis of rotation, said milling cutter comprising: a shank area; and a cutting area that includes a plurality of chip flutes that each reach as far as a core profile, and a plurality of cutters that are separated by the chip flutes, wherein a path of a center line of the core profile deviates from the axis of rotation of the milling cutter, the core profile, throughout the length of the cutting area, has a plurality of alternately disposed sections with an increasing cross-sectional area and sections with a decreasing cross-sectional area, the center line of the core profile, throughout the length of the cutting area, extends along a spiral-shaped path, and the core profile has a circular cross-sectional area.
2. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein pitch and diameter of the spiral-shaped path vary throughout the length of the cutting area.
3. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the center line extending along the spiral-shaped path has a central axis that is offset relative to the axis of rotation.
4. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the cutting area has a cylindrical external shape.
5. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the cutting area has a non-cylindrical external shape.
6. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the cutters have varying angles of twist.
7. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the cutting area has a conical external shape.
8. The milling cutter of claim 1, wherein the cutting area has a curved external shape.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) Additional special features and advantages of the present invention follow from the description of the preferred embodiment examples below with reference to the drawings. The figures show:
(2) FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of a first rotary cutting tool according to the present invention, having a plurality of alternately disposed sections with an increasing and a decreasing cross-sectional area;
(3) FIG. 1a a sectional view of the first rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line A-A shown in FIG. 1;
(4) FIG. 1b a sectional view of the first rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line B-B shown in FIG. 1;
(5) FIG. 1c a sectional view of the first rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line C-C shown in FIG. 1;
(6) FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of a second first rotary cutting tool according to the present invention with an asymmetrical core diameter;
(7) FIG. 2a a sectional view of the second rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line A-A shown in FIG. 2;
(8) FIG. 2b a sectional view of the second rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line B-B shown in FIG. 2;
(9) FIG. 2c a sectional view of the second rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line C-C shown in FIG. 2;
(10) FIG. 2d a sectional view of the second rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line D-D shown in FIG. 2;
(11) FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a third rotary cutting tool according to the present invention with an asymmetrical core diameter, the cross-sectional area of which is decreasing;
(12) FIG. 3a a sectional view of the third rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line A-A shown in FIG. 3;
(13) FIG. 3b a sectional view of the third rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line B-B shown in FIG. 3;
(14) FIG. 3c a sectional view of the third rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line C-C shown in FIG. 3;
(15) FIG. 3d a sectional view of the third rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line D-D shown in FIG. 3;
(16) FIG. 4 a schematic diagram of a fifth [sic; fourth] rotary cutting tool according to the present invention with a discontinuous profile of the cross-sectional areas between sections with a decreasing cross-sectional area and sections with an increasing cross-sectional area as well as circular cross-sectional areas;
(17) FIG. 4a a sectional view of the fifth rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line A-A shown in FIG. 4;
(18) FIG. 4b a sectional view of the fifth rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line B-B shown in FIG. 4;
(19) FIG. 4c a sectional view of the fifth rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line C-C shown in FIG. 4;
(20) FIG. 5 a schematic diagram of a sixth [sic; fifth] rotary cutting tool according to the present invention with a discontinuous profile of the cross-sectional areas between sections with a decreasing cross-sectional area and sections with an increasing cross-sectional area as well as non-circular cross-sectional areas;
(21) FIG. 5a a sectional view of the sixth rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line A-A shown in FIG. 5;
(22) FIG. 5b a sectional view of the sixth rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line B-B shown in FIG. 5, and
(23) FIG. 5c a sectional view of the sixth rotary cutting tool according to the present invention along line C-C shown in FIG. 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(24) FIG. 1 shows a first rotary cutting tool 1 according the present invention in the form of a cylindrical shank milling cutter which, during machining, rotates about an axis of rotation 2. The rotary cutting tool 1 comprises a shank area 3, by means of which the rotary cutting tool 1 can be affixed into a retaining element of a spindle of a machining center, for example, a multi-axis milling cutter. In addition, the rotary cutting tool 1 also comprises a cutting area 4 having a plurality of cutters 6 that are separated by chip flutes 5. The depth of the chip flutes 5 is bounded by a core profile 7 of the cutting area 4. The core profile 7 is axially symmetrical relative to the axis of rotation 2 so that a center line 8 of the core profile 7, which center line is formed by the middle points of all cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7 throughout the length of the cutting area 4, is congruent with the axis of rotation 2
(25) The core profile 7 of the first rotary cutting tool 1 comprises a plurality of sections 9, 10 with a decreasing cross-sectional area and sections 11, 12 with an increasing cross-sectional area, which sections alternate. In the direction from the shank area 3 to the cutting area 4, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 in the first section 9 decreases. This first section 9 is adjoined by the second section 11 in which the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 increases. The maximum cross-sectional area of the second section 11 is reached in the transition zone to the adjoining third section 10, with this cross-sectional area being smaller than the maximum cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 in the first section 9. In the third section 10, the cross-sectional area again decreases, with the minimum cross-sectional area being reached in the transition zone to the adjoining fourth section 12. This minimum cross-sectional area of the third section 10 is smaller than the minimum cross-sectional area of the first section 9. In the fourth section 12, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 again increases up to the free end of the cutting area 4.
(26) FIGS. 1a to 1c show a number of different sectional views through the cutting area 4 of the first rotary cutting tool 1. FIG. 1a shows the sectional view along line A-A seen in FIG. 1. FIG. 1b shows the sectional view along line B-B seen in FIG. 1. Lastly, FIG. 1c shows the sectional view through line C-C seen in FIG. 1. As FIGS. 1a to 1c indicate, the cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7 are different in size, but always circular in shape and disposed symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation 2 of the rotary cutting tool 1.
(27) As is especially clearly indicated in the sectional views of FIGS. 1a to 1c, the first rotary cutting tool 1 according to the present invention comprises three cutters 6, between each of which a chip flute 5 is disposed. In the radial direction, the chip flutes 5 extend as far as the core profile 7.
(28) The reference characters used to designate elements of the first rotary cutting tool are also used to designate identical elements common to the additional embodiments.
(29) FIG. 2 shows a second rotary cutting tool 13 according to the present invention. In contrast to the first rotary cutting tool 1, the center line 8 of the core profile 7 follows a path that deviates from the axis of rotation 2 of the rotary cutting tool 1. The center line 8 and the axis of rotation 2 are therefore incongruent, i.e., they do not coincide.
(30) In the second rotary cutting tool 13, the path followed by the center line 8 of the core profile 7 throughout the length of the cutting area 4 is sinusoidal relative to and in the direction of the axis of rotation 2. According to a version not shown in the drawings, the path followed by the center line 8 can, however, also be sinusoidal relative to a reference axis that is offset parallel or at an angle relative to the axis of rotation 2.
(31) FIGS. 2a to 2d show a number of different sectional views through the cutting area 4 of the second rotary cutting tool 13. FIG. 2a shows the sectional view along line A-A seen in FIG. 2. FIG. 2b shows the sectional view along line B-B seen in FIG. 2. FIG. 2c shows the sectional view along line C-C seen in FIG. 2, and lastly, FIG. 2d shows the sectional view along line D-D seen in FIG. 2. As FIGS. 2a to 2d indicate, the cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7 always have the same size and are circular in form.
(32) As indicated by the sectional views shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c, in these areas, the middle points of the cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7, which middle points form the center line 8, are offset in the horizontal direction relative to the axis of rotation 2. Thus, the reference plane, in which the sinusoidal center line 8 is located, also contains the axis of rotation 2, so that the sinusoidal center line 8 and the axis of rotation 2 intersect in certain areas, as shown, for example, in FIG. 2d. In an embodiment not shown in the drawings, it is possible according to the present invention for the reference plane of the sinusoidal center line 8 to be offset parallel to or at an angle relative to axis of rotation 2. By selecting specific amplitudes and wavelengths for the sinusoidal path, the sinusoidal shape makes it possible to optimally configure the rotary cutting tool 13 for a reduction of the tendency toward vibrations.
(33) FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a third rotary cutting tool 14. In contrast to the embodiment presented in FIG. 2, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 uniformly decreases throughout the entire length of the cutting area 4 toward the free end of the cutting area 4, i.e., in the direction from the shank area 3 to the cutting area 4. As in the second rotary cutting tool 13 according to the present invention, the center line 8 of the core profile 7 in the third rotary cutting tool 14 according to the present invention, throughout the entire length of the cutting area 4, has a sinusoidal shape relative to and in the direction of the axis of rotation 2.
(34) FIGS. 3a to 3d show a number of different sectional views through the cutting area 4 of the third rotary cutting tool 14. FIG. 3a shows the sectional view along line A-A seen in FIG. 3. FIG. 3b shows the sectional view along line B-B seen in FIG. 3. FIG. 3c shows the sectional view along line C-C seen in FIG. 3, and lastly, FIG. 3d shows the sectional view along line D-D seen in FIG. 3. As FIGS. 3a to 3d indicate, the cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7 are different in size but are always circular in shape.
(35) FIGS. 3a to 3d indicate that, as in the second rotary cutting tool 13 according to the present invention, the reference plane for the sinusoidal center line 8 contains the axis of rotation 2. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 continuously decreases from section C-C seen in FIG. 3c to section D-D seen in FIG. 3d, then to section B-B seen in FIG. 3b and finally to section A-A seen in FIG. 3a.
(36) FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a fourth rotary cutting tool 15 according to the present invention in which the profile of the cross-sectional areas between sections with a decreasing cross-sectional area and sections with an increasing cross-sectional area is discontinuous, i.e., the profile has a kink 16. Between the kinks 16, a section with an increasing cross-sectional area and, adjoining thereto, a section with a decreasing cross-sectional area are disposed. The cross-sectional area increases and decreases in equal measure so that the intermediate zone between the kinks 16 is belly-shaped and has a plane of symmetry at right angles relative to the axis of rotation 2. Such a plane of symmetry, in which the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 reaches its maximum, is the sectional plane along line C-C.
(37) In addition, the core profile 7 is configured in such a manner that the belly-shaped pattern of the cross-sectional area between two such kinks 16 repeats itself multiple times. The kinks 16 and the radii of the belly-shaped intermediate zones of the core profiles 7 are arranged so as to allow an adjustment to the modes of vibration of the cutting area 4, thereby enabling optimum damping of vibrations.
(38) FIGS. 4a to 4c show a number of different sectional views through the cutting area 4 of the fourth rotary cutting tool 15. FIG. 4a shows the sectional view along line A-A seen in FIG. 4. FIG. 4b shows the sectional view along line B-B seen in FIG. 4. Lastly, FIG. 4c shows the sectional view along line C-C seen in FIG. 4. As FIGS. 4a to 4d indicate, the cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7 are different in size, but always circular in shape. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 is disposed symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation 2 so that the center line 8 of the core profile 7 and the axis of rotation 2 coincide.
(39) FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a fifth rotary cutting tool 17 according to the present invention in which, in contrast to the fourth rotary cutting tool 15, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 is not circular in shape but instead has a shape that deviates from the circular shape.
(40) FIGS. 5a to 5c show a number of different sectional views through the cutting area 4 of the fifth rotary cutting tool 17. FIG. 5a show the sectional view along line A-A seen in FIG. 5. FIG. 5b shows the sectional view along line B-B seen in FIG. 5. Lastly, FIG. 5c shows the sectional view along line C-C seen in FIG. 5. As FIGS. 5a to 5c indicate, the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 has an irregular, elongated shape with a continuously curving surface, which shape changes throughout the length of the cutting area 4. More particularly, the cross-sectional area has an asymmetrical shape, i.e., it has no symmetry. As in the other embodiment examples, the center line 8 is formed by the geometric centroid of the cross-sectional areas of the core profile 7. Since the geometric centroids of the cross-sectional areas are located on the axis of rotation 2, it follows that the center line 8 is congruent with the axis of rotation 2.
(41) The features described in the various embodiment examples can, of course, be easily combined. Thus, a feature of one embodiment example is not limited to that embodiment example. More particularly, the present invention is not limited to the shank milling cutter with cylindrical external shapes of the cutting area described in the embodiment examples; instead, cutting areas with conical or curved external shapes can be used just as well. In addition, other features for reducing the tendency toward vibrations can be added, for example, cutters with varying angles of twist and/or chip breaker flutes extending at right angles relative to the axis of rotation or in the form of a spiral.
(42) To further improve the operation of the rotary cutting tool, the tooth width, i.e., the width of the cutter 6, and/or the width of the chip flute 5 can follow the shape of the cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 or, if the cross-sectional area is circular as shown the drawings, the shape of the core diameter. This means that the width changes with the increasing or decreasing cross-sectional area of the core profile 7 and increases or decreases in a similar ratio or in the same ratio.
