Extrudable mixture for use in 3D printing systems to produce metal, glass and ceramic articles of high purity and detail

Abstract

There is disclosed an article which is formed of a solid-phase or liquid-phase sintered product of a metal powder, ceramic powder or glass powder. For manufacturing the article, an extrudable mixture which contains the material powder and a thermoplastic binder is shaped into a continuous filament suitable for use in fused filament 3D printers. The printed object is then invested in plaster or other castable refractory. The invested object is then subjected to heating. The heating process burns off the thermoplastic binder and sinters the powders of metal, glass or ceramic, leaving a pure metal, glass or ceramic object. The extrudable mixture is produced by preparing a material powder, preparing a binder, then blending the material powder and the binder together. The extrudable mixture is then extruded into a continuous filament suitable for use in various 3d printing hardware.

Claims

1. A system for creating a metal object comprising: a metal article manufactured by 3D printing, comprising an extrudable mixture, the extrudable mixture containing 80 to 92% by weight of particles of a metal powder, 8 to 20% by weight of a thermoplastic binder mixed with said metal powder, wherein the thermoplastic binder comprises polylactic acid (PLA), wherein the particles directly contact the thermoplastic binder; and a castable refractory for solid-phase or liquid-phase sintering encasing the metal article, being cast in place around the metal article.

2. The extrudable mixture according to claim 1, wherein said extrudable mixture contains metal powder and a powder of the binder material.

3. The extrudable mixture according to claim 1, wherein said extrudable mixture is formed into a continuous extruded filament before being printed by the 3D printer.

4. The article of claim 1, wherein the 3D printer is a fused filament 3D printer.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the castable refractory comprises a plaster material.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a source metal having a lower melting temperature than the metal powder.

7. A system for creating a metal, glass or ceramic object, consisting essentially of: a metal, glass or ceramic article manufactured by 3D printing, comprising an extrudable mixture, the extrudable mixture containing 80 to 92% by weight of particles of a metal, glass or ceramic powder, 8 to 20% by weight of thermoplastic binder, wherein the thermoplastic binder comprises PLA, balance unavoidable impurities, wherein the particles directly contact the thermoplastic binder; and a castable refractory for solid-phase or liquid-phase sintering encasing the metal, glass or ceramic article, being cast in place around the metal, glass or ceramic article.

8. The extrudable mixture according to claim 7, wherein said metal, glass or ceramic powder has an average particle size of less than 100 m to 400 m.

9. The extrudable mixture according to claim 7, wherein said extrudable mixture is formed into a continuous extruded filament before being printed by the 3D printer.

10. The extrudable mixture according to claim 7, wherein said extrudable mixture further comprises a coloring agent.

11. The system of claim 7, wherein the castable refractory comprises a plaster material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1

(2) A. Continuous 3d Printer Filament

(3) B. Metal, Glass or Ceramic Powder

(4) C. Thermoplastic Binder

(5) FIG. 2

(6) D. 3D Printed Object

(7) B. Metal, Glass or Ceramic Powder

(8) C. Thermoplastic Binder

(9) FIG. 3

(10) D. 3d Printed Object

(11) E. Castable refractory

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(12) The inventor has made an extensive study to obtain a metal, glass or ceramic article containing no binder, and have come to know that when a thermoplastic binder used it is removed entirely during the sintering process. Thus, the resulting article is free of binder, and is essentially comprised of a high purity sintered product of metal, glass or ceramic.

(13) Thus, the metal article in accordance with the present invention consists essentially of a solid-phase sintered product of a metal, glass or ceramic powder free of any binder, and assumes the properties of the metal, glass or ceramic that the mixture contains.

(14) According to the present invention, the article is manufactured by the steps of preparing an extrudable mixture containing powdered metal, glass or ceramic and a binder which is removable by heat, investing the object in plaster, and subjecting the mixture to a sintering operation.

(15) More specifically, there is first prepared an extrudable mixture containing a metal, glass or ceramic powder and a thermoplastic binder.

(16) Then, the extrudable mixture of powdered metal, glass or ceramic is printed into a prescribed shape, the printed object is encased, invested, in plaster, then sintered under predetermined conditions. Thus, the binder is removed during the sintering operation, while the shape is retained by the plaster investment, and a metal, glass or ceramic article free of the binder is manufactured.

(17) Various modifications of the manufacturing method of a metal, glass or ceramic article will now be described.

(18) In the foregoing, if a coloring agent is mixed into the powdered glass or ceramic, a glassy layer of a desired color can be obtained. The shape of the article is of course arbitrary.

(19) Next, the extrudable mixture for use in the manufacture of the above metal, glass or ceramic article and the method for producing the same will be described.

(20) As previously mentioned, the extrudable mixture in accordance with the invention is characterized in that it contains a metal, glass or ceramic powder and a thermoplastic binder mixed with the powder. The use of the thermoplastic as the binder ensures that the binder is removed during the sintering step. For producing the extrudable mixture, a thermoplastic and metal, glass or ceramic powder are mechanically mixed, then shaped into the a feedstock to be used in 3d printing.

(21) The reasons for the limitations on the composition of the most preferred extrudable mixture are as follows:

(22) (a) Metal, Glass, Ceramic Powder

(23) Powders of metal such as gold, silver, copper, platinum and their alloys, and glass and ceramic are main constituents for the extrudable material to be obtained. If the powder content is less than 80% by weight, desired effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 92% by weight, the resulting extrudable material is inferior in extensibility and strength. Therefore, the content of the powder has been determined so as to range from 80 to 92% by weight.

(24) In addition, if the average particle size of the metal powder exceeds 400 .mu.m, the extensibility and strength deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable that the average particle size of the metal powder is no less than 100 um and no greater than 400 .mu.m.

(25) (b) Thermoplastic Binder

(26) When heated, the thermoplastic becomes malleable, so that it is very easy to to feed through the 3d printer. However, if the binder content is less than 8% by weight, such an advantage cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the metal content exceeds 92% by weight, it becomes difficult to print with the mixture. Therefore, the content of the thermoplastic binder is determined so as to range from 8 to 20% by weight.