Catalyst block

Abstract

Provided is a catalyst block for cleaning exhaust gas, having: a square-shaped honeycomb core provided with first-fourth outside surfaces; a first plate attached to the first outside surface; a second plate attached to the second outside surface; and an exterior frame disposed along the outer periphery of the firm and solid honeycomb core formed from the honeycomb core, the first plate and the second plate, the exterior frame being provided with a recessed part that at least encases the first plate, the second plate, the third outside surface and the fourth outside surface. In the catalyst block, a catalyst is supported in the honeycomb core, the first plate and the second plate, and the catalyst is not supported in the exterior frame.

Claims

1. A catalyst block for purification of exhaust gas comprising: a rigid rectangular honeycomb core having a large number of exhaust gas passages for the honeycomb core allowing exhaust gas to pass, first and second outer surfaces that face to each other in an orthogonal direction that is orthogonal to the exhaust gas passages, and third and fourth outer surfaces that face to each other in the orthogonal direction; a first plate attached to the first outer surface; a second plate attached to the second outer surface; and an outer frame that is disposed along an outer periphery of the honeycomb core, the first plate, and the second plate, and includes a concave part housing at least the first plate, the second plate, the third outer surface, and the fourth outer surface, wherein a catalyst is carried on the honeycomb core, the first plate, and the second plate, and the catalyst is not carried on the outer frame, wherein the first plate is only fixed to the outer frame in the concave port and the second plate, third outer surface and the fourth outer surface are not fixed to the outer frame in the concave part.

2. The catalyst block according to claim 1, wherein the first plate is fixed in the concave part of the outer frame, and the second plate, the third outer surface, and the fourth outer surface are not fixed in the concave part of the outer frame.

3. The catalyst block according to claim 2, wherein the outer frame includes a bottom frame and a side frame that are integrally formed, and a top frame attached to the side frame, the first plate is housed in the concave part of the top frame, the second plate is housed in the concave part of the bottom frame, and the third outer surface and the fourth outer surface are housed in the concave part of the side frame.

4. The catalyst block according to claim 3, wherein the honeycomb core is configured by alternately layering a flat foil and a corrugated foil in a direction in which the first outer surface and the second outer surface face to each other.

5. The catalyst block according to claim 4, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

6. The catalyst block according to claim 2, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

7. The catalyst block according to claim 3, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

8. The catalyst block according to claim 2, wherein the honeycomb core is configured by alternately layering a flat foil and a corrugated foil in a direction in which the first outer surface and the second outer surface face to each other.

9. The catalyst block according to claim 8, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

10. The catalyst block according to claim 1, wherein the outer frame includes a bottom frame and a side frame that are integrally formed, and a top frame attached to the side frame, the first plate is housed in the concave part of the top frame, the second plate is housed in the concave part of the bottom frame, and the third outer surface and the fourth outer surface are housed in the concave part of the side frame.

11. The catalyst block according to claim 10, wherein the honeycomb core is configured by alternately layering a flat foil and a corrugated foil in a direction in which the first outer surface and the second outer surface face to each other.

12. The catalyst block according to claim 11, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

13. The catalyst block according to claim 10, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

14. The catalyst block according to claim 1, wherein the honeycomb core is configured by alternately layering a flat foil and a corrugated foil in a direction in which the first outer surface and the second outer surface face to each other.

15. The catalyst block according to claim 14, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

16. The catalyst block according to claim 1, wherein the first plate and the second plate are formed from a ferrite-based stainless.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a denitration device.

(2) FIG. 2 is a front view of a catalyst block.

(3) FIG. 3 is a front view of a rigid honeycomb core.

(4) FIG. 4 is an enlarged view in a part of a honeycomb core.

(5) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in a part of the catalyst block (Y1-Y2 cross section).

(6) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in a part of the catalyst block (Z1-Z2 cross section).

(7) FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing the catalyst block.

(8) FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a baking step during fixing of a first plate and a second plate with a brazing material.

(9) FIG. 9 is a view illustrating an inserting step of inserting the rigid honeycomb core into an outer frame.

(10) FIG. 10 is an assembly view of a catalyst block of a second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a conventional catalyst block.

(11) FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view in a part of the conventional catalyst block (Z1-Z2 cross section).

(12) FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view in a part of the catalyst block in which a rigid honeycomb core is layered into two layers (Y1-Y2 cross section).

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(13) First Embodiment

(14) One embodiment of the catalyst block of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a denitration device. A normal direction of a sheet surface corresponds to a flow direction of exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as gas flow direction). In an exhaust gas duct 1 of the denitration device, a large number of catalyst blocks 2 are spread. The catalyst blocks 2 are formed in a rectangular shape, and laminated in a large number of layers. Since an outer surface of each of the catalyst blocks 2 is formed flat, the catalyst blocks 2 are each closely adhered to an adjacent catalyst block 2, and in a structure thereof, a gap is unlikely to be formed. Therefore, the amount of exhaust gas that is not denitrated and passes through a gap formed between the adjacent catalyst blocks 2 can be decreased. A method for making the outer surface of each of the catalyst blocks 2 flat will be described.

(15) FIG. 2 is a front view of the catalyst block. The normal direction of the sheet surface corresponds to the gas flow direction. A layering direction shown by an arrow corresponds to a layering direction of a corrugated plate and a flat plate that constitutes a honeycomb core. FIG. 3 is a front view of a rigid honeycomb core contained in the catalyst block. The normal direction of the sheet surface corresponds to the gas flow direction. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view in a part of the honeycomb core, in which a region A in FIG. 3 surrounded in a circle by a dotted line is enlarged. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in a part of the catalyst block cut along

(16) Y1-Y2 in FIG. 2. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in a part of the catalyst block cut along Z1-Z2 in FIG. 2.

(17) With reference to FIG. 2, the catalyst block 2 includes a rigid honeycomb core 10 and an outer frame 20 holding the rigid honeycomb core 10. The outer frame 20 has a C-shaped cross section, and is disposed along the outer surface of the rigid honeycomb core 10 in a direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction. Specifically, in the outer frame 20, a concave part is formed. When an outer edge of the rigid honeycomb core 10 is housed in the concave part, the rigid honeycomb core 10 is held by the outer frame 20. For the sake of convenience, the lower side, upper side, and side of the outer frame 20 are referred to as a bottom frame 21, a top frame 22, and a side frame 23, respectively. The bottom frame 21 and the side frame 23 are integrally formed. The top frame 22 is detachably attached to an end part of the side frame 23.

(18) With reference to FIG. 3, the rigid honeycomb core 10 includes a honeycomb core 11, a first plate 12, and a second plate 13. With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the honeycomb core 11 is configured so that a corrugated plate 110a and a flat plate 110b are alternately layered in a layering direction, and a large number of exhaust gas passages GW are formed between the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b that are adjacent in the layering direction. The adjacent corrugated plate 110a and flat plate 110b are fixed with a brazing material. On the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b, a catalyst is carried. The corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b are formed from a metal foil. For the metal foil, various types of heat-resistant stainless steel containing Al can be used. Since the thickness of the metal foil is very small, the structure of the honeycomb core 11 is fragile.

(19) The honeycomb core 11 is formed in a rectangular shape (rectangular parallelepiped shape). For the sake of convenience of description, outer surfaces of the honeycomb core 11 facing in the layering direction are referred to as a first outer surface 11a and a second outer surface 11b. Outer surfaces of the honeycomb core 11 facing in a direction orthogonal to the layering direction are referred to as a third outer surface 11c and a fourth outer surface 11d. The first outer surface 11a and the second outer surface 11b are approximately parallel to each other, and the third outer surface 11c and the fourth outer surface 11d are approximately parallel to each other. The first outer surface 11a forms an approximately right angle with the third outer surface 11c and the fourth outer surface 11d. The second outer surface 11b forms an approximately right angle with the third outer surface 11c and the fourth outer surface 11d. The layering direction of the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b corresponds to a direction facing to the first outer surface 11a and the second outer surface 11b.

(20) A lower end part of the first plate 12 is fixed so as to cover the first outer surface 11a of the honeycomb core 11. As means for fixing, a brazing material can be used. The second plate 13 is fixed so as to cover the second outer surface 11b of the honeycomb core 11. As the means for fixing, a brazing material can be used.

(21) For the first plate 12 and the second plate 13, a metal (for example, SUS steel sheet) can be used. The SUS steel sheet is preferably a ferrite-based stainless steel sheet having little thermal expansion and capable of adsorbing by magnetic force.

(22) With reference to FIG. 5, a concave part 21a is formed in the bottom frame 21. In the concave part 21a, the second plate 13 and apart of the honeycomb core 11 are housed. Specifically, the second plate 13 and the part of the honeycomb core 11 are disposed at a position that is overlapped with a wall part of the bottom frame 21 as viewed in the gas flow direction. However, the concave part 21a may be configured so that only the second plate 13 is housed in the inside of the concave part 21a. As the area of the honeycomb core 11 housed in the concave part 21a is smaller, the area of the honeycomb core 11 brought into contact with the exhaust gas is increased. Therefore, the purification performance of the catalyst block 2 can be enhanced.

(23) When in the aforementioned configuration, the rigid honeycomb core 10 is slid and shifted in the gas flow direction by external force, the second plate 13 and the part of the honeycomb core 11 collide with the wall part of the bottom frame 21. At that time, an impact during collision can be absorbed by the second plate 13. Therefore, a load applied to the honeycomb core 11 can be decreased. It is preferable that the width of the second plate 13 in the gas flow direction be larger than the width of the honeycomb core 11 in the gas flow direction. Herein, when the second plate 13 is omitted, only the honeycomb core 11 that is fragile is housed in the concave part 21a of the bottom frame 21. Therefore, a load during collision is received by only the honeycomb core 11. According to the rigid honeycomb core 10 of this embodiment, the second plate 13 is housed in the concave part 21a of the bottom frame 21. Therefore, a load applied to the honeycomb core 11 during collision can be largely relaxed.

(24) When the mechanical strength in the gas flow direction is enhanced, the rigid honeycomb core 10 can be layered vertically with the gas flow direction set to a vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 13. In this case, a larger load is applied to the rigid honeycomb core 10 disposed as a lower layer. However, since the mechanical strength in the gas flow direction is enhanced by the first plate 12 and the second plate 13, the deformation and the like of the honeycomb core 11 can be prevented.

(25) The first plate 12 and a part of the honeycomb core 11 are housed in a concave part (not shown) of the top frame 22. This is the same as that in the case of the second plate 13 described above, and therefore, a description thereof is omitted.

(26) The first plate 12 and the second plate 13 are fixed in the upper and lower end parts, respectively, in the layering direction of the honeycomb core 11, as described above, and reinforced. Therefore, the height of wall of the concave part of the outer frame 20 can be decreased. For this reason, the area of the honeycomb core 11 housed in the inside thereof can be relatively increased as compared with a conventional product. Accordingly, in order to increase the area of the honeycomb core 11 to be brought into contact with exhaust gas, the pressure loss (increase in back pressure) of the catalyst block 2 can be suppressed and the purification performance can be enhanced.

(27) With reference to FIG. 6, the third outer surface 11c of the honeycomb core 11 is housed in a concave part 23a of the side frame 23. The clearance CL is formed in a direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction between the side frame 23 and the third outer surface 11c of the honeycomb core 11. Sliding and shifting of the rigid honeycomb core 10 in the gas flow direction due to external force can be prevented by the first plate 12 and the second plate 13. Therefore, a reinforcement plate is not required for the third outer surface 11c and the fourth outer surface 11d of the honeycomb core 11. By formation of the clearance CL, dimension error during manufacturing of each rigid honeycomb core 10 inserted into the outer frame 20 can be absorbed. Therefore, the formed clearance CL is advantageous. The fourth outer surface 11d of the honeycomb core 11 is also housed in the concave part 23a of the side frame 23. However, this is the same as the case of the third outer surface 11c, and therefore, the detail description thereof is omitted.

(28) It is preferable that the rigid honeycomb core 10 be fixed through the first plate 12 to the top frame 22 of the outer frame 20 and another part be not fixed. Specifically, the rigid honeycomb core 10 is fixed to only the top frame 22, and not fixed to the bottom frame 21 and the side frame 23. When the rigid honeycomb core 10 is used especially in an environment where the temperature cycle of repeating increase and decrease in temperature is severe, thermal expansion and shrinkage are repeated in the honeycomb core 11 itself. When the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 are fixed to the top frame 22 and the bottom frame 21, respectively, both end surfaces in the layering direction of the honeycomb core 11 are restrained. Therefore, the rigid honeycomb core 10 may be deformed into an abnormal shape or broken by expansion and shrinkage due to the temperature cycle. A method for fixing the top frame 22 and the first plate 12 is preferably a fixation method in which detachment is easy, such as bolting and spot welding.

(29) According to the configuration of this embodiment, the rigid honeycomb core 10 is fixed to only the top frame 22. Therefore, the thermal expansion and shrinkage due to the temperature variation of the rigid honeycomb core 10 can be allowed using the clearance formed between the outer frame 20 and the honeycomb core 10. Thus, the deformation of the rigid honeycomb core 10 into an abnormal shape or breakage can be suppressed.

(30) In a simple fixation method in which a fixing part of the rigid honeycomb core 10 is only on a side of the top frame 22, the rigid honeycomb core 10 may be likely to shift in the gas flow direction. However, even when the rigid honeycomb core 10 shifts, the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 can be strongly fixed with the honeycomb core 11, as described above. Shifting of the first plate 12 can be prevented by a wall of the concave part of the top frame 22, and shifting of the second plate 13 can be prevented by a wall of the concave part of the bottom frame 21. Therefore, the rigid honeycomb core 10 cannot be dropped from the outer frame 20, and defects such as crush of the honeycomb core 11 can be unlikely to occur.

(31) The top frame 22 is detached from the side frame 23, and the top frame 22 and the rigid honeycomb core 10 that are integrated are pulled out from the outer frame 20. Thus, the catalyst block 2 can be maintained (for example, the catalyst is regenerated or reapplied or a novel honeycomb core is exchanged) . Herein, when the outer frame 20 is configured by connection of a plurality of frame members by welding, the rigid honeycomb core 10 cannot be pulled out from the outer frame 20 without cutting of welded parts by a grinder. According to the configuration of this embodiment, an operation of cutting the welded parts by a grinder is unnecessary, and an operation for maintenance is easy.

(32) As shown in FIG. 6, the sufficient clearance CL is formed between the side frame 23 and the rigid honeycomb core 10. Therefore, when the rigid honeycomb core 10 is slid and shifted in the longitudinal direction of the frame along the side frame 23, the rigid honeycomb core 10 can be simply pulled out from the outer frame 20.

(33) The maintenance is performed by immersing the top frame 22 and the rigid honeycomb core 10 that are detached from the outer frame 20 in a catalyst bath. However, the top frame 22 and the rigid honeycomb core 10 are closely fixed without formation of a large clearance CL similar to the clearance formed between the side frame 23 and the rigid honeycomb core 10. The amount of catalyst to be attached to the top frame 22 during immersion in the catalyst bath can be decreased. It is preferable that simple fixation between the top frame 22 and the rigid honeycomb core 10 be removed, and only the rigid honeycomb core 10 be immersed in the catalyst bath, sintered, and simply fixed to the top frame 22 again. Thus, use of unnecessary catalyst can be completely prevented.

(34) When the maintenance is impossible due to large damage of the honeycomb core 11, it is necessary that one group of the top frame 22 and the rigid honeycomb core 10 be exchanged into a new group, or the simple fixation between the top frame 22 and the rigid honeycomb core 10 be removed, and only the rigid honeycomb core 10 be exchanged. However, the bottom frame 21 and the side frame 23, and in some cases, the top frame 22 can be reused. Therefore, the cost can be largely decreased as compared with a case where the whole catalyst block 2 is exchanged.

(35) According to the configuration of this embodiment, the catalyst is not carried on the outer frame 20. Therefore, it is not necessary that a drain hole of discharging the catalyst during the immersion in the catalyst bath be formed in the outer frame 20, unlike the conventional catalyst block. This is due to a method for manufacturing the catalyst block 2 of this embodiment, and the details will be described below.

(36) Next, the method for manufacturing the catalyst block 2 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 7, 8, and 9. FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the method for manufacturing the catalyst block. FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a baking step during fixing the first plate and the second plate with a brazing material. FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a step of inserting the rigid honeycomb core into the outer frame.

(37) In Step S101, a brazing material is applied in advance to both or one of the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b, and a sample of the honeycomb core 11 in which the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b are alternately layered in the layering direction is produced. The first plate 12 and the second plate 13 are disposed on the first outer surface 11a and the second outer surface 11b, respectively, of the honeycomb core 11, and a first jig 14 and a second jig 15 are pressed on the first plate 12 and the second plate 13, respectively. Thus, the honeycomb core 11 is held between the jigs through the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 in the layering direction, uniformly pressurized, and fixed (corresponding to a fixation step). The number of the first jig 14 may be one or more. When a plurality of first jigs 14 are used, the pressure applied to the honeycomb core 11 can be increased, or the variation can be decreased even under the same pressure. The same can be applied to the second jig 15.

(38) In Step S102, the honeycomb core 11 held and pressurized between the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 is baked (corresponding to a first baking step). For example, the baking temperature can be set to about 1,200 C. The corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b that are adjacent to each other are fixed with the brazing material, and the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 are fixed to the honeycomb core 11 with the brazing material. Thus, the rigid honeycomb core 10 having high rigidity and including the first plate 12, the second plate 13, and the honeycomb core 11 is manufactured.

(39) Herein, a method in which the honeycomb core 11 is directly held between the first jig 14 and the second jig 15 without the first plate 12 and the second plate 13, and baked is also considered. However, in this method, a pressure is transferred to only parts where the jigs exist and a pressure is not applied to other parts. This is because a metal foil forming the honeycomb core 11 has considerably small thickness and no rigidity. Thus, a state where the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b are fixed by brazing is instable, and the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b are not partially connected, forming a gap. Even when the number of the first jig 14 and the second jig 15 is increased to decrease the variation in pressure, a difference in pressure between the parts where the jigs exist and the parts where the jigs do not exist is not cancelled. The state where the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b are fixed by brazing remains instable, and the gap is not cancelled.

(40) On the other hand, when the honeycomb core 11 is held between the first plate 12 and the second plate 13, the honeycomb core 11 can be baked while the variation in surface pressure applied to the honeycomb core 11 is suppressed. As a result, the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b are not partially connected, and a trouble such as formation of the gap can be prevented.

(41) In Step S103, the first jig 14 and the second jig 15 are detached, and the rigid honeycomb core 10 is transported to a catalyst bath not shown and immersed in the catalyst bath. As a catalyst, a solution containing alumina, an additive, and a precious metal catalyst as components can be used. Herein, the structure of the rigid honeycomb core 10 is enhanced by connecting the first plate 12 and the second plate 13. Therefore, a trouble such as distortion of the honeycomb core can be unlikely to occur during operation of immersion in the catalyst bath and transport. Specifically, when the structure of the honeycomb core 11 is enhanced by connecting the first plate 12 and the second plate 13, the immersion workability and the handleability can be enhanced.

(42) When the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 are formed from a ferrite-based stainless, the rigid honeycomb core 10 can be grasped by adsorbing the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 by magnetic force. Thus, the rigid honeycomb core 10 can be adsorbed by a magnet and transported to the catalyst bath.

(43) Therefore, a load applied to the honeycomb core 11 can be further decreased.

(44) In Step S104, the rigid honeycomb core 10 to which the catalyst is attached is baked again (corresponding to a second baking step). For example, the baking temperature can be set to about 600 C. Thus, the catalyst is carried on the rigid honeycomb core 10. In Step S105, the rigid honeycomb core 10 and the top frame 22 are connected. For a connection method, bolting or spot welding can be used. In Step S106, the rigid honeycomb core 10 and the top frame 22 that are integrated is inserted from an opening side of the side frame 23 as shown in FIG. 9. The first plate 12, the second plate 13, the third outer surface 11c, and the fourth outer surface 11d of the rigid honeycomb core 10 are covered with the outer frame 20. In Step S107, the top frame 22 and the side frame 23 are connected by a bolt using an L-shaped bracket not shown.

(45) According to the manufacturing method of this embodiment, the rigid honeycomb core 10 is baked before the rigid honeycomb core 10 is housed in the outer frame 20 as described above. Therefore, the outer frame 20 is not thermally deformed by exposure to heat during baking. Accordingly, the outer surface of the outer frame 20 is kept flat. For this reason, when the catalyst blocks 2 are spread as shown in FIG. 1, a gap through which exhaust gas that has not been purified flows out is unlikely to be formed between the adjacent catalyst blocks 2. As a result, the denitration effect of the denitration device can be enhanced.

(46) Second Embodiment

(47) With reference to FIG. 10, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Members having functions common to those in the first embodiment are referred to by the same symbols. The outer frame 20 of this embodiment includes the bottom frame 21, the top frame 22, the side frame 23, and a side frame 23, and the frames 21 to 23 are separately configured.

(48) The top frame 22 is disposed along the first plate 12, the bottom frame 21 is disposed along the second plate 13, the side frame 23 is disposed along the third outer surface 11c of the honeycomb core 11, and the side frame 23 is disposed along the fourth outer surface 11d of the honeycomb core 11. On both end parts of the side frame 23, a flange connection part 231 is formed. On both end parts of the side frame 23, a flange connection part 231 is formed.

(49) In the aforementioned configuration, the flange connection parts 231 and 231 are welded to the top frame 22 and the bottom frame 21 while the rigid honeycomb core 10 is held and pressurized between the top frame 22 and the bottom frame 21. Thus, the outer frame 20 is formed. Since a welded part is restricted to the end parts of the side frames 231 and 231, distortion of the outer frame 20 due to heat during welding can be suppressed.

(50) The rigid honeycomb core 10 and the outer frame 20 are not at all connected. Therefore, expansion and shrinkage due to the temperature cycle of the rigid honeycomb core 10 are not prevented by the connection parts. However, any one of the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 may be connected to the outer frame 20, like the first embodiment.

(51) Modification 1

(52) In the aforementioned embodiment, the honeycomb core 11 is configured by alternately layering the corrugated plate 110a and the flat plate 110b. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example, the honeycomb core 11 may be configured by layering only the corrugated plate 110a in a predetermined direction. In this case, the strength of the honeycomb core 11 may be secured by fitting the corrugated plate 110a adjacent in the layering direction to a concave part of another corrugated plate 110a.

(53) Modification 2

(54) In the aforementioned embodiment, the first plate 12 and the second plate 13 are disposed on both end parts in the layering direction of the honeycomb core 11. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. The first plate 12 and the second plate 13 may be disposed on an end surface in a direction orthogonal to the layering direction of the honeycomb core 11.