Triploid interspecific hybrid flowering pear tree named ‘NCPX2’

Abstract

NCPX2 is a new triploid, interspecific hybrid flowering pear with a broadly pyramidal habit, white flowers, multi-coloured fall foliage, resistance to fire blight, and significantly reduced fertility.

Claims

1. A new and distinct triploid, interspecific hybrid flowering pear tree named NCPX2 as illustrated and described herein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS

(1) This new flowering pear is illustrated by the accompanying photographs which show the plant's form, foliage and inflorescences. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describe the colors of the new pear.

(2) FIG. 1 is a photograph demonstrating the upright pyramidal form of an eight year old tree of NCPX2.

(3) FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the white flowers from an eight year old tree of NCPX2.

(4) FIG. 3 is a photograph showing fall foliage colors of a nine year old tree of NCPX2.

DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION

(5) The following is a detailed description of the botanical characteristics of the new and distinct variety of interspecific hybrid flowering pear known by the denomination NCPX2. The detailed description was taken on the original nine-year-old tree growing in Mills River, N.C. All colors cited herein refer to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (The Royal Horticultural Society (R.H.S.), London, 2015, 6th Edition). Where specific dimensions, sizes, colors, and other characteristics are given, it is to be understood that such characteristics are approximations or averages set forth as accurately as practicable.

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIETY

(6) Classification: Botanical name.Pyrus x triploida NCPX2. Common name.Triploid hybrid flowering pear. Parentage: F.sub.1 hybrid of Pyrus calleryana H2002-031-010 (tetraploid) x Pyrus Silver Ball (diploid interspecific hybrid of uncertain parentage, possibly P. fauriei x P. betulaefolia). Plant description: Growth habit.Upright pyramidal. Height: 8 m after 9 years. Width: 6 m after 9 years. Shoots and stems.Branching habit: Upright spreading. Lateral branch length: 3 to 6 m. Diameter: 3 to 9 cm. Internode length: 2 to 5 cm. Color: Brown (N200B). Trunk texture: Smooth to rough. Trunk color: Brown (N200C to N200D). Mature leaves.Type: Simple. Persistence: Deciduous. Arrangement: Alternate. Shape: Ovate. Apex: Acuminate. Base: Rounded. Venation: Pinnate. Margin: Serrulate. Texture: Glabrous both upper and lower. Emerging leaves.Color: Upper surface: Yellow-Green (146A). Lower surface: Yellow-Green (146B). Mature leaves during growing season.Color: Upper: Green (137A). Lower: Yellow-Green (146B). Length of lamina: Avg. 6.1 cm (range 5.5 to 7.0 cm). Width: Avg. 4.6 cm (range 3.5 to 5.0 cm). Petiole: Length: Avg. 3.0 cm (range 2.5 to 4.0 cm). Width: 0.1 cm. Color: Yellow-Green (146D). Mature leaves, fall color.Variable. Including Brilliant Orange Yellow (21B), Vivid Red (46C), and Deep Red (53A). Inflorescence.Bud length: 0.5-0.6 cm. Bud diameter: 0.8-1.0 cm. Bud shape: Ovate. Bud color: Green-White (157C) with Red-Purple (63C) on tip. Individual flowers.Diameter: 1.5-2.0 cm. Depth: 0.6-0.8 cm. Stamen: Number: 19-22. Anther color: Red-Purple (63A). Filament color: Green-White (157D). Pistil: Number: 2. Stigma: Shape: Rounded. Color: Greyed-Green (193A). Style: Length: 0.5-0.6 cm. Color: Yellow-Green (144D). Ovary color: Green (138A). Petals: Arrangement: Star. Number: 5 petals. Shape: Elliptic. Margin: Entire. Tip: Obtuse. Length (at anthesis): 0.8-1.0 cm. Width (at anthesis): 0.7-0.9 cm. Color when opening: Green-White (157D). Color fully opened: White (NN155C). Fruit.Pome: 4 locules. Size: 0.5-1.0 in. diameter. Shape: Round to ovoid. Color: Gray orange to gray brown (including 177B, N199B, N199D). Lenticels: Many small, circular on surface. Calyx: Mostly deciduous. Length: 0.1-0.11 in. Diameter: 0.08-0.1 in. Pedicel: Length: 0.55-1 in. Diameter: 0.03-0.05 in. Color: Green (132B). Disease and insect resistance: No significant disease or insect pests have been observed. NCPX2 was found to have a high level of resistance to fire blight (see data below). Cold hardiness: At least USDA zone 5b; testing has not been completed in colder zones. Nomenclature: To help clarify the nomenclature of Pyrus spp. hybrids, nothospecies Pyrus x triploida Ranney is proposed for the hybrid species name in accordance with Article H.3-5 (McNeill et al., 2012). The new hybrid species is described as follows: Nothospecies Pyrus x triploida Ranney, a triploid, interspecific hybrid between Pyrus calleryana Decne. and another Pyrus L. species or hybrid. Primary diagnostic characteristics are a 2C holoploid relative genome size of approximately 1.880.12 (Standard Error) pg reflecting an intermediate triploid between tetraploid 2.630.06 (SE) pg and diploid 1.250.05 (SE) pg parents (Following methods of Phillips et al., 2016). Typification: Pyrus x triploida Ranney, nothosp. nov. Type: United States, N.C., Mills River, 2C relative genome size of 1.93 pg, 8 m tall, 6 m wide, upright pyramidal form, NCSU H2008-049-145, 11 Nov. 2017, Ranney MCIL 2017-001 (holotype: NCSC, here designated; isotype NA).

MOPHOLOGICAL COMPARISONS WITH OTHER TAXA

(7) A comparison of morphological characteristics between NCPX2 and other commercial flowering pear cultivars is presented in Table 1.

(8) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Morphological comparison of NCPX2 with other commercial flowering pear cultivars Cultivars Pyrus Pyrus calleryana Pyrus NCPX1 Pyrus Cleveland pyrifolia (U.S. Silver Select Ohara Plant Ball (unpat- Beni Pat. No. Pyrus (unpat- Trait ented) (unpatented) 26,539) NCPX2 ented) Tree Upright Upright Very Upright Compact, growth pyramidal columner. narrow pyramidal round, Habit fastigate dwarf Tree 8 m 8 m 8 m 8 m 4 m Height (after 8 years) Tree 6 m 5 m 2m 6 m 4 m Width (after 8 years) Flower White Red Red Green- Green- bud (N155A) purple purple white White color (53C to (53C to (157C) (157B) 63A) 63A) with Red- Purple (63C) on tip. Flower White White White Green- Green petal (N155A) (N155A) (N155A) White white color with some with some (157D) (157D) when pink blush pink blush opening (63A, (63A, 58C, and 58C, and 65A) 65A) Flower White White White/ White White petal (N155A), (N155A), pink (NN155C) (N155) color (155B) when fully opened Flower 1.0 to 2.5 to 3.1 to 1.5-2.0 cm 1.0 to diameter 2.0 cm 3.3 cm 3.6 cm 2.5 cm

FIRE BLIGHT RESISTANCE

(9) Disease resistance to fire blight was evaluated following the procedures of Bell et al, (2004). Briefly, a virulent strain of Erwinia amylovora (E2002a) was prepared from 24 hour old cultures grown on nutrient agar. Three actively growing shoots were inoculated in May 2012 by bisecting the youngest leaves with a pair of scissors that had been dipped into the inoculum prior to each cut. The disease lesion length and total length of the current season's growth of the inoculated shoot were measured 40 days following inoculation. The severity of infection was expressed as the length of the fire blight lesion as a percentage of overall shoot length. NCPX2 was found to have a high level of resistance to fire blight with a mean lesion length of 0.8% following controlled inoculations (Table 2). No signs or symptoms of fire blight have been observed on NCPX2 as the result of natural infection over the last 8 years.

(10) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison of tire blight resistance among NCPX2 and other commercial flowering pear Cultivars. Disease severity - 2012 (% lesion length) Cultivar Range Mean. Ohara Beni 100-100 100 Cleveland Select 0-20 6.6 NCPX1 0-0 0.0 NCPX2 0-3 0.8

REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

(11) Female fertility of selected triploid pears, including NCPX2 (H2008-049-145) was evaluated and published by Phillips et al. (2016) with a summary presented in Table 3. Female fertility was characterized by evaluating fruit set, seeds per fruit, seed germination, seedlings per flower, and percent relative fertility [(seedlings per flower for triploid/seedlings per flower for diploid control)100], outdoors with favorable cross pollination conditions. Flow cytometry was used to determine relative genome sizes and ploidy levels. Relative fertility of NCPX2 was 0.86% of the most fertile diploid control, a reduction of 99.14%. Furthermore, the limited seedlings that did germinate from triploids maternal parents, including NCPX2, were determined to be primarily abnormal aneuploids with non-standard chromosome numbers.

(12) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ploidy, relative 2C genome size, and fertility characteristics for NCPX2 and selected diploids as published by Phillips et al. (2016). Rela- tive Re- gen- Ger- lative ome Fruit min- Seed- fertil- Ploidy size set Seeds/ ation lings/ ity.sup.Z Selection (X) (pg) (%) fruit (%) flower (%) NCPX2 3 1.93 3.46 2.05 5.22 0.01 0.86 (H2008- 0.01 0.07 3.48 0.11 0.01 049-145) Diploid 1 2 1.26 9.80 3.89 38.61 0.13 16.73 0.02 2.93 0.08 0.07 0.11 Diploid 2 2 1.22 11.06 3.24 25.45 0.13 16.3 0.01 0.51 0.35 0.11 0.49 Diploid 3 2 1.23 46.76 3.16 52.83 0.80 100.00 0.01 0.72 0.62 0.22 0.15 .sup.ZCalculated as (seedlings/flower)/(0.80), where 0.80 is the number of seedlings per flower of the most fertile diploid eontrol,

(13) NCPX2 is distinguished from other flowering pear cultivars by its unique combination of traits including a triploid cytotype with a 2C genome size of approximately 1.93 pg, an upright pyramidal form, white flower petals, high resistance to fire blight, and low female fertility.

CITATIONS

(14) Bell, A. C., T. G. Ranney, and T. A. Eaker. 2004. Resistance to fire blight among flowering pears and quince. HortScience 40(2):413-415. McNeill, J., F. R. Barrie, W. R. Buck, V. Demoulin, W. Greuter, D. L. Hawksworth, P. S. Herendeen, S. Knapp, K. Marhold, J. Prado, W. F. Rrud'homme Van Reine, G. F. Smith, J. H. Wiersema, and N. J. Turland. 2012. International code of botanical nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). Kltz Sci. Books, Oberreifenberg, Germany. Phillips, W. D., T. G. Ranney, D. H. Touchell, and T. A. Eaker. 2016. Fertility and reproductive pathways of triploid flowering pears (Pyrus sp.). HortScience 51(8):968-971.