COMPOUNDS FOR THE HOMEOTROPIC ALIGNMENT OF LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIA

Abstract

Liquid-crystalline media (LC media) comprising self-aligning mesogens (self-alignment additives) which effect homeotropic (vertical) alignment of the LC media at a surface or the cell walls of a liquid-crystal display (LC display). The self-alignment additives contain five-ring systems. LC displays having homeotropic alignment of the liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium) without conventional alignment layers are provided.

Claims

1. A compound of the formula I
R.sup.1-[A.sup.2-Z.sup.2].sub.m-A.sup.1-R.sup.a (I) in which m denotes 4, A.sup.1 denotes an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, which may also contain anellated rings and which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by a group L or -Sp-P, A.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, identically or differetly, denotes an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, which may also contain anellated rings and which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by a group L or -Sp-P, L in each case, independently of one another, denotes unbranched or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or denotes F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, NCO, NCS, OCN, SCN, C(O)N(R.sup.0)R.sup.00 or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, P denotes a polymerisable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, O, S, CO, COO, OCO, OCOO, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, SCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2S, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.2S, SCF.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.n1, CF.sub.2CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2, (CF.sub.2).sub.n1, CHCH, CFCF, CC, CHCHCOO, OCOCHCH, (CR.sup.0R.sup.00).sub.n1, CH(-Sp-P), CH.sub.2CH(-Sp-P), CH(-Sp-P)CH(-Sp-P), n1 denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4, R.sup.0 in each case, independently of one another, denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.00 in each case, independently of one another, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.1 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 25 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in this radical may each be replaced, independently of one another, by CHCH, CC, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, ##STR00513## O, S, CO, COO or OCO in such a way that O/S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or denotes H, or a group -Sp-P, R.sup.a denotes an anchor group of the formula ##STR00514## p denotes 1 or 2, q denotes 2 or 3, B denotes a substituted or unsubstituted ring system or condensed ring system, o denotes 0 or 1, X.sup.1, independently of one another, denotes OH, SH, NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, NR.sup.11.sub.2, C(O)OH or CHO, R.sup.11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, which may be linear or branched, and in which H may be substituted by fluorine or alkoxy having 1 to 8 C atoms, Sp.sup.a, Sp.sup.c, Sp.sup.d in each case, independently of one another, denote a spacer group or a single bond, and Sp.sup.b denotes a tri-or tetravalent group.

2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound of the formula I contains at least one polymerisable group P within the group A.sup.1, one of groups A.sup.2 or one of groups Z.sup.2.

3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein A.sup.l denotes a group ##STR00515## where L, Sp, P are as defined for claim 1, r1 denotes 0 or 1, and p1 denotes 1 or 2.

4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein A.sup.2 1,4- or 1,3-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl, where, in addition, one or more CH groups in these groups may be replaced by N, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O and/or S, 3,3-bicyclobutylidene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene-2,6-diyl, indane-2,5-diyl or octahydro-4,7-methanoindane-2,5-diyl, perhydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diyl, where all these groups may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by a group L or -Sp-P.

5. A compound according to claim 1 of the formula I-A ##STR00516## in which L, P, Sp, R.sup.a and R.sup.1 are defined in accordance with claim 1, ##STR00517## independently denote a ring of the formula ##STR00518## p1 denotes 1 or 2, r1 denotes 0, 1 or 2, r2 denotes 0, 1 or 2, r3 denotes 0 or 1, r4 denotes 0 or 1, and r5 denotes 0 or 1.

6. A compound according to claim 5, wherein ##STR00519## denotes a ring of the formula ##STR00520## denotes a ring of the formula ##STR00521##

7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Sp.sup.a denotes an unbranched or branched alkylene chain having 1 to 8 C atoms, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O, NH, NR.sup.3, S or (CO), so that O/S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl or OH, or, for o=1, additionally denotes a single bond.

8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein in the group R.sup.a, Sp.sup.b denotes CH or CR.sup.3 (for p=1) or C (for p=2), in which R.sup.3 is an unbranched or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 10 C atoms, and Sp.sup.c denotes an unbranched or branched alkylene chain having 1 to 8 C atoms, in which one or more CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl or OH, or a single bond.

9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the group Z.sup.2 is in each case a single bond.

10. A compound according to claim 1, wherein L denotes F, Cl, CH.sub.3, ethyl, propyl, cyclopropyl or isopropyl.

11. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the group R.sup.a is selected from the following formulae: ##STR00522## in which Sp.sup.a, Sp.sup.b, Sp.sup.c, X.sup.1 and p are defined as in claim 1.

12. A compound according to claim 1, selected from the following formulae: ##STR00523## ##STR00524## ##STR00525## ##STR00526## ##STR00527## ##STR00528## ##STR00529## ##STR00530## ##STR00531## ##STR00532## in which R.sup.1, L and R.sup.a in each case independently are defined as for formula I according to claim 1.

13. A compound according to claim 1, wherein the group R.sup.a denotes a group selected from the sub-formulae ##STR00533## ##STR00534## ##STR00535## ##STR00536##

14. A compound according to claim 1, wherein for the compound of the formula I, the one or more polymerisable groups P are selected from acrylate, methacrylate, ethylacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, vinyloxy, oxetane and epoxide.

15. A method which comprises including a compound of claim 1 in LC media as an additive to effect a homeotropic alignment with respect to a surface delimiting the LC medium, where the compounds are optionally polymerised after effecting the homeotropic alignment.

16. A LC medium comprising a low-molecular-weight, unpolymerisable, liquid-crystalline component and one or more compounds of the formula I according to claim 1 or a (co)polymer comprising one or more compounds of the formula I in polymerised form.

17. A LC medium according to claim 16, which comprises a polymerisable or polymerised component, where the polymerisable or polymerised component encompasses a compound of the formula I containing one, two or more polymerisable groups P, where the polymerised component is obtained by polymerisation of the polymerisable component.

18. A LC medium according to claim 16, which comprises one or more polymerisable compounds of the formula M or a (co)polymer comprising compounds of the formula M in polymerised form:
P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-A.sup.2x-(Z.sup.1-A.sup.1x).sub.n-Sp.sup.2-P.sup.2 M in which the individual radicals have the following meanings: P.sup.1, P.sup.2 each independently denote a polymerisable group, Sp.sup.1, Sp.sup.2 each independently denote a spacer group, A.sup.1x, A.sup.2x each, independently of one another, denote a radical selected from the following groups: a) the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene and 4,4-bicyclohexylene, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O and/or S and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by a group L.sup.x, or selected from ##STR00537## b) the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene and 1,3-phenylene, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by a group L.sup.X or -Sp.sup.3-P, c) the group consisting of tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl, cyclobutane-1,3-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl and selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by a group L.sup.X, d) the group consisting of saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated, and optionally substituted, polycyclic radicals having 5 to 20 cyclic C atoms, one or more of which may, in addition, be replaced by heteroatoms, P.sup.3 denotes a polymerisable group, Sp.sup.3 denotes a spacer group, n denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, Z.sup.1 in each case, independently of one another, denotes COO, OCO, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, or (CH.sub.2).sub.n, where n is 2, 3 or 4, O, CO, C(R.sup.cR.sup.d), CH.sub.2CF.sub.2, CF.sub.2CF.sub.2 or a single bond, L.sup.X on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN, SCN, SF.sub.5 or unbranched or branched, in each case optionally fluorinated, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.c and R.sup.d each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H, methyl or ethyl, where one or more of the groups P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, -Sp.sup.2-P.sup.2 and -Sp.sup.3-P.sup.3 may denote a radical R.sup.aa, with the proviso that at least one of the groups P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, -Sp.sup.2-P.sup.2 and -Sp.sup.3-P.sup.3 present does not denote R.sup.aa, R.sup.aa denotes H, F, Cl, CN or unbranched or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by C(R.sup.0)C(R.sup.00), CC, O, S, CO, COO, OCO, OCOO in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, where the groups OH, NH.sub.2, SH, NHR, C(O)OH and CHO are not present in R.sup.aa.

19. A LC medium according to claim 16, which comprises 95% by weight or more of a low-molecular-weight, unpolymerisable, liquid-crystalline component, and 5% by weight or less of a polymerisable or polymerised component.

20. A LC medium according to claim 16, which comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae A, B and C: ##STR00538## in which R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B and R.sup.2C each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl radical having up to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may be replaced by O, S, ##STR00539## CC, CHCH, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, OCO or OCO in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, L.sup.1-4 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF.sub.3 or CHF.sub.2, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote a single bond, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CHCH, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, COO, OCO, C.sub.2F.sub.4, CFCF or CHCHCH.sub.2O, p denotes 1 or 2, q denotes 0 or 1, (O) denotes O or a single bond, and v denotes 1 to 6.

21. A LC display comprising an LC cell having two substrates and at least two electrodes, where at least one substrate is transparent to light and at least one substrate has one or two electrodes, and having a layer of a LC medium according to claim 16 located between the substrates, where the compound of the formula I effects homeotropic alignment of the LC medium with respect to the substrate surfaces.

22. A LC display according to claim 21, wherein one or both of the substrates have no alignment layers for homeotropic alignment of the LC medium.

23. A process for the preparation of an LC medium, wherein one or more compounds of the formula I according to claim 1 are mixed with a low-molecular-weight liquid-crystalline component, and one or more further polymerisable compounds and/or any desired additives are optionally added.

24. A process for the production of an LC display comprising an LC cell having two substrates and at least two electrodes, where at least one substrate is transparent to light and at least one substrate has one or two electrodes, comprising the process steps of: filling of the cell with an LC medium according to claim 16, where homeotropic alignment of the LC medium with respect to the substrate surfaces is established, and optionally polymerisation of the polymerisable component(s), optionally with application of a voltage to the cell or under the action of an electric field, in one or more process steps.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0305] The compounds employed, if not commercially available, are synthesised by standard laboratory procedures. The LC media originate from Merck KGaA, Germany.

A) Synthesis Examples

Example 1

[0306] Step 1: Synthesis of Intermediate 5 (Boronic Acid)

##STR00471##

[0307] 9.7 g (0.4 mol) of magnesium are covered with 40 ml of THF, and both are heated to 50 C. About 10% of a solution of the bromo-aromatic compound 2 (69.9 g, 0.4 mol) in 100 ml of THF are then added dropwise. After the reaction has initiated, 2 is metered in at such a rate that the mixture boils continuously. When the addition is complete, the mixture is allowed to cool to 65 C., and 100 g (0.4 mol) of ketone 1 dissolved in 100 ml of THF are added dropwise. Work-up gives 128.3 g of the alcohol 3, which is dissolved in 800 ml of toluene without further purification and, after addition of 3.2 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate, is boiled under reflux for 2 h. Work-up gives 98 g of crude olefin, which is converted into 4 by catalytic hydrogenation.

[0308] 71.7 g (217 mmol) of 4 are dissolved in 200 ml of THF and cooled to 70 C. 170 ml (0.239 mol) of a 1.4 molar solution of s-butyllithium in hexane are then added dropwise at this temperature. When the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred at 70 C. for a further hour, and a solution of 28.3 ml (0.249 mol) of trimethyl borate in 100 ml of THF is subsequently added dropwise. Work-up and crystallisation from heptane gives 65.8 g of boronic acid 5.

[0309] Step 2: Synthesis of Intermediate 8

##STR00472##

[0310] 65.2 g (172 mmol) of boronic acid 5, 63 g (172 mmol) of bromide 6, 5.95 g (5.1 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphino)palladium(0) and 47.3 g of sodium carbonate are suspended in 53 ml of ethanol, 360 ml of toluene and 170 ml of water and heated to reflux. Work-up gives 90.0 g of colourless solid, which is hydrogenated in 1.8 l of tetrahydrofuran over 30 g of palladium on carbon (5%). The crude product is recrystallised from heptane/toluene (1:1), giving 55 g of phenol 7.

[0311] 40 g (76 mmol) of 7 are presented in 500 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 2 ml of diisopropylamine are added, and 27.0 g (152 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide are added in portions at 5 C. The mixture is stirred at 0 C. for one hour and then allowed to come to RT. Work-up gives 56.8 g of dibromide 8.

[0312] Step 3: Synthesis of Intermediate 11

##STR00473##

[0313] 15 g (21.9 mmol) of 8 and 9.2 g (26.3 mmol) of 9 are dissolved in 120 ml of tetrahydrofuran with 6.9 g (26.3 mmol) of triphenylphosphine, and 5.5 ml (26.3 mmol) of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate are added dropwise at RT. The mixture is stirred overnight at RT. Work-up gives 11.7 g of 10 as a white, wax-like solid.

[0314] 11.7 g (11.5 mmol) of 10 are mixed with 6.2 g (43.8 mmol) of 2-butoxy-1,2-oxaborolane, 14 g of potassium phosphate, 26.1 mg (0.115 mmol) of palladium acetate, 113.2 mg (0.230 mmol) of Ruphos (CAS 787618-22-8), 35 ml of water and 170 ml of tetrahydrofuran and heated under reflux for 3 h. Work-up gives 8.9 g of 11 as a white, wax-like substance.

[0315] Step 4: Synthesis of the Final Compound 12 (Self-Alignment Additive No. 2)

##STR00474##

[0316] 8.9 g (9.1 mmol) of 11, 3.9 ml (45.7 mmol) of methacrylic acid and 223 mg (1.8 mmol) of DMAP are dissolved in 90 ml of dichloromethane, and 7.9 ml (45.7 mmol) of EDC (1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) are added dropwise at 5 C. The mixture is left to stir overnight at RT and subjected to conventional work-up. The crude product. (6.2 g) is dissolved in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and 8.3 ml (16.8 mmol) of 2 molar hydrochloric acid are added at 5 C. The mixture is then left to stir overnight at RT and subjected to conventional work-up. Crystallisation from heptane gives 3.0 g of 12 as a white powder of melting point 72 C.

[0317] Phases glass transition temperature (Tg) 26 C., melting point 72 C.

[0318] .sup.1H NMR (700 MHz, chloroform-d) 7.41-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.03 (s, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J=12.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (s, 2H), 5.56 (q, J=1.7 Hz, 2H), 4.24 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 4H), 3.95-3.89 (m, 4H), 3.80 (dd, J=10.8, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.77-2.72 (m, 4H), 2.69 (s, 1H), 2.63 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.49 (tt, J=12.1, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.12 (qq, J=10.7, 6.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.07-2.00 (m, 4H), 2.00-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.94 (s, 6H), 1.87 (q, J=6.3 Hz, 4H), 1.81-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.49-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.27 (m, 4H), 1.27-1.21 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.05 (m, 10H), 1.01 (qd, J=12.0, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 0.88 (q, J=8.9, 8.1 Hz, 5H).

[0319] The following compounds can be prepared analogously by the synthesis described:

Example 2

(Self-Alignment Additive No. 1)

[0320] ##STR00475##

[0321] Phases glass transition temperature (Tg) 9 C., melting point 80 C.

[0322] .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, chloroform-d) 7.57 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.50 (dd, J=7.8, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.20 (m, 6H), 7.07 (s, 2H), 6.13 (t, J=1.3 Hz, 2H), 5.58 (p, J=1.7 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 4H), 3.99 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 4H), 2.96-2.63 (m, 9H), 2.55 (tt, J=12.1, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.17-1.84 (m, 16H), 1.53 (qd, J=12.8, 3.2 Hz, 3H), 1.41-1.01 (m, 23H), 0.93 (dt, J=8.7, 7.0 Hz, 6H).

Example 3

[0323] ##STR00476##

[0324] Phases: glass transition temperature (Tg) 17 C. melting point 65 C. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, chloroform-d) 7.58 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (dd, J=7.9, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.21 (m, 6H), 7.07 (s, 2H), 6.14 (s, 2H), 5.59 (q, J=1.7 Hz, 2H), 4.28 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 4H), 3.95 (dt, J=10.4, 5.3 Hz, 4H), 3.84 (dd, J=10.8, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.86-2.60 (m, 10H), 2.56 (tt, J=12.1, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (tt, J=6.5, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 4H), 2.03-1.85 (m, 12H), 1.54 (qd, J=12.8, 3.3 Hz, 3H), 1.32 (dddd, J=26.7, 15.0, 8.8, 6.3 Hz, 9H), 1.20 (td, J=7.5, 4.6 Hz, 6H), 1.11 (qd, J=13.1, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 0.93 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 4

[0325] ##STR00477##

[0326] Phases: glass transition temperature (Tg) 20 C., melting point 71 C., nematic-isotropic phase transition 120.0 C.

[0327] .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, chloroform-d) 7.49 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (ddd, J=8.0, 5.0, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12-6.99 (m, 4H), 6.13 (t, J=1.3 Hz, 2H), 5.58 (p, J=1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.26 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 4H), 3.99 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 4H), 2.90-2.70 (m, 5H), 2.66 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.57-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.12-1.94 (m, 13H), 1.90 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 1.85-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.48 (q, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (ddt, J=23.3, 9.4, 6.4 Hz, 12H), 1.23-1.13 (m, 9H), 1.06 (dtd, J=23.8, 13.2, 11.3, 2.4 Hz, 3H), 0.93 (dt, J=16.1, 7.0 Hz, 8H).

Example 5

[0328] ##STR00478##

[0329] .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, chloroform-d) 7.46 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.23-7.12 (m, 3H), 7.06 (dd, J=8.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J=12.1, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (dd, J=1.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (p, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (dd, J=10.8, 4.1 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (dd, J=10.8, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.04 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (q, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (qd, J=8.6, 7.6, 3.0 Hz, 3H), 2.14 (tdd, J=6.8, 5.4, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.97 (dd, J=12.9, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 1.93-1.83 (m, 7H), 1.82-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.51-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.20 (m, 6H), 1.20-0.95 (m, 12H), 0.88 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 5H).

Example 6

[0330] ##STR00479##

[0331] .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, chloroform-d) 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.09 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=12.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 5.56 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.93-3.48 (m, 4H), 3.06 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.83-2.12 (m, 5H), 2.08-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.96-1.84 (m, 5H), 1.84-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.38 (m, 4H), 1.38-0.98 (m, 19H), 0.92 (dq, J=14.9, 7.6 Hz, 8H).

Further Examples

Synthesis Analogous to Example 1

[0332] ##STR00480## ##STR00481## ##STR00482## ##STR00483## ##STR00484## ##STR00485## ##STR00486## ##STR00487## ##STR00488## ##STR00489## ##STR00490## ##STR00491## ##STR00492## ##STR00493## ##STR00494## ##STR00495## ##STR00496## ##STR00497## ##STR00498## ##STR00499## ##STR00500## ##STR00501## ##STR00502## ##STR00503## ##STR00504## ##STR00505## ##STR00506## ##STR00507## ##STR00508##

B) Mixture Examples

[0333] LC media according to the invention are prepared using the following liquid-crystalline mixtures consisting of low-molecular-weight components in the percentage proportions by weight indicated (acronyms cf. Tables A-D above).

[0334] H1: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00008 CY-3-O2 10.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 81 CCY-3-O1 8.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.103 CCY-3-O2 11.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.8 CCY-4-O2 5.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.9 CCY-5-O2 2.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.0 CPY-2-O2 9.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 133 CPY-3-O2 9.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.10 CCH-34 9.0% CCH-23 17.5% CP-3-O1 9.0% PYP-2-3 2.5% PY-3-O2 8.0%

[0335] H2: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00009 B-2O-O5 4.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.2 CPP-3-2 8.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.109 CC-3-V1 9.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-O1 2.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-4 8.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CC-3-5 7.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.5 CCP-3-1 8.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.5 CCP-V2-1 5.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 108 CCY-3-O2 10.50% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.41 CLY-3-O2 1.00% CPY-3-O2 2.50% CY-3-O2 11.5% CP-3-O1 5.50% PY-3-O2 18.0%

[0336] H3: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00010 CPP-3-2 6.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 6.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.107 CC-3-4 9.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.3 CC-3-5 7.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCP-3-1 8.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.9 CCP-3-3 3.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.2 CCY-3-1 2.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.5 CCY-3-O2 10.5% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 118 CCY-4-O2 5.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: CPY-3-O2 3.5% CY-3-O2 14% CP-3-O1 5.5% PY-1-O4 6.5% PY-3-O2 14%

[0337] H4: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00011 CY-3-O2 15.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 75.1 CCY-3-O3 8.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.098 CCY-4-O2 10.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.0 CPY-2-O2 5.50% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CPY-3-O2 11.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.4 CC-3-4 9.25% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.1 CC-2-3 24.5% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.3 PYP-2-3 8.75% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 113 CP-3-O1 7.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.22

[0338] H5: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00012 CY-3-O4 14.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 80.0 CCY-3-O2 9.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.090 CCY-3-O3 9.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.3 CPY-2-O2 10.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CPY-3-O2 10.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CCY-3-1 8.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.1 CC-3-4 9.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.6 CC-3-5 6.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 140 CP-5-3 10.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.23 CC-3-O1 6.00% CC-3-O3 9.00%

[0339] H6: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00013 CC-3-V1 9.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.7 CC-2-3 18.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.098 CC-3-4 3.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CC-3-5 7.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CCP-3-1 5.50% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.9 CCY-3-O2 11.5% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.9 CPY-2-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.9 CPY-3-O2 11.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 108 CY-3-O2 15.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.28 PY-3-O2 11.5%

[0340] H7: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00014 CC-3-V 37.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 2.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.099 CCY-4-O2 14.5% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 2.9 CPY-2-O2 10.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.7 CPY-3-O2 9.50% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.6 CY-3-O2 15.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.2 CY-3-O4 4.50% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.4 PYP-2-4 5.50% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 92 PPGU-3-F 1.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.28

[0341] H8: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00015 CC-2-3 20.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-O1 6.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.105 CC-3-4 6.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.2 CCP-3-1 3.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O2 11.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.8 CPY-2-O2 12.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.7 CPY-3-O2 11.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.6 CY-3-O2 14.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 120 CY-3-O4 4.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.16 CP-3-O1 4.00% PYP-2-3 9.00%

[0342] H9: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00016 CC-4-V 17.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 106.1 CCP-V-1 15.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.120 CCEPC-3-3 2.50% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCY-3-O2 4.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O3 5.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7.0 CCY-4-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.8 CLY-3-O2 3.50% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 17.3 CLY-3-O3 2.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 207 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.33 CPY-3-O2 10.0% CY-3-O4 17.0% PYP-2-3 11.0%

[0343] H10: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00017 CY-3-O2 15.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 75.5 CCY-4-O2 9.50% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.108 CCY-5-O2 5.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.0 CPY-2-O2 9.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CPY-3-O2 9.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.5 CC-3-4 9.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.9 CC-2-3 22.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.0 PYP-2-3 7.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 115 PYP-2-4 7.50% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.20 CP-3-O1 7.00%

[0344] H11: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00018 CY-3-O2 15.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.7 CY-5-O2 6.50% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.108 CCY-3-O2 11.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.0 CPY-2-O2 5.50% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CPY-3-O2 10.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.6 CC-3-V 28.5% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.9 CC-3-V1 10.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.7 PYP-2-3 12.5% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 97 PPGU-3-F 0.50% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.42

[0345] H12: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00019 CC-3-5 9.50% Clearing point [ C.]: 79.1 CC-5-O1 5.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.091 CCY-2-1 9.50% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCY-3-1 10.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7.1 CCY-5-O2 9.50% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.6 CPY-2-O2 12.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.5 CY-3-O4 9.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 178 CY-5-O4 11.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.12 CP-5-3 13.5%

[0346] H13: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00020 CPP-3-2 4.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 8.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.106 CC-2-3 13.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CC-3-4 7.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-5 7.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7.1 CCY-3-O2 13.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.8 CPY-2-O2 7.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.8 CPY-3-O2 12.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 115 CY-3-O2 12.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.23 CP-3-O1 2.00% PY-3-O2 15.0%

[0347] H14: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00021 CY-3-O4 22.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 86.9 CY-5-O4 12.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.111 CCY-3-O2 6.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.9 CCY-3-O3 6.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 8.7 CPY-2-O2 10.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.9 CPY-3-O2 10.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.9 PYP-2-3 7.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 222 CC-3-V1 7.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.91 CC-5-V 10.0% CCEPC-3-3 2.00% CCEPC-3-5 2.00%

[0348] H15: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00022 CY-3-O4 12.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 86.0 CY-5-O2 10.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.110 CY-5-O4 8.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5.0 CCY-3-O2 8.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.8 CCY-4-O2 7.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 8.8 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.7 CCY-2-1 8.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.0 CCY-3-1 7.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 250 CPY-3-O2 9.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.90 CPY-3-O2 9.00% CPP-3-2 6.00% CP-5-3 10.0%

[0349] H16: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00023 CC-3-V1 10.25% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.7 CC-2-3 18.5% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.103 CC-3-5 6.75% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CCP-3-1 6.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CCY-3-1 2.50% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.4 CCY-3-O2 12.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.4 CPY-2-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.8 CPY-3-O2 9.75% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 104 CY-3-O2 11.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.46 PP-1-2V1 3.75% PY-3-O2 13.0%

[0350] H17: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00024 CC-3-V 27.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.7 CC-3-V1 10.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.104 CC-3-5 8.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.0 CCY-3-O2 9.25% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CLY-3-O2 10.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.4 CPY-3-O2 11.75% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.3 PY-3-O2 14.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.2 PY-4-O2 9.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 88 PYP-2-4 0.50% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.44

[0351] H18: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00025 CPP-3-2 6.50% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.7 CC-3-V1 8.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.104 CC-2-3 17.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.0 CC-3-4 6.50% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CCY-3-O1 3.50% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.3 CCY-3-O2 12.5% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.8 CPY-2-O2 5.50% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.8 CPY-3-O2 10.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 106 CY-3-O2 15.5% CP-3-O1 4.50% PP-1-2V1 5.00% PY-3-O2 5.50%

[0352] H19: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00026 CPP-3-2 10.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.5 CC-3-4 9.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.104 CC-3-5 9.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CCP-3-1 8.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.7 CCY-3-O2 9.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7 CCY-4-O2 5.5% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14 CPY-3-O2 5.5% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.7 CY-3-O2 15% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 128 CY-5-O2 5.0% CP-3-O1 7.0% PY-3-O2 16%

[0353] H20: Nematic Host Mixture (>0)

TABLE-US-00027 CC-4-V 10.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 77.0 CC-5-V 13.5% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.113 PGU-3-F 6.50% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 19.2 ACQU-2-F 10.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 23.8 ACQU-3-F 12.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.6 PUQU-3-F 11.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 11.5 CCP-V-1 12.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 11.1 APUQU-2-F 6.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 122 APUQU-3-F 7.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 0.81 PGUQU-3-F 8.00% CPGU-3-OT 4.00%

[0354] H21: Nematic Host Mixture (>0)

TABLE-US-00028 PGU-2-F 3.50% Clearing point [ C.]: 77.0 PGU-3-F 7.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.105 CC-3-V1 15.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7.2 CC-4-V 18.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 10.3 CC-5-V 20.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CCP-V-1 6.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.3 APUQU-3-F 15.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.5 PUQU-3-F 5.50% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 63 PGP-2-4 3.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.53 CPP-3-2 7.00%

[0355] H22: Nematic Host Mixture (>0)

TABLE-US-00029 APUQU-2-F 6.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.0 APUQU-3-F 12.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.120 PUQU-3-F 18.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 17.4 CPGU-3-OT 9.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 22.0 CCGU-3-F 3.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.5 CPU-3-F 14.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 10.1 CCQU-3-F 10.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 10.8 CC-3-V 25.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 111 PGP-2-2V 3.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 0.80

[0356] H23: Nematic Host Mixture (>0)

TABLE-US-00030 PUQU-3-F 15.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.3 APUQU-2-F 5.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.120 APUQU-3-F 12.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 14.9 CCQU-3-F 11.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 19.1 CCQU-5-F 1.50% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.3 CPGU-3-OT 5.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 11.2 CPP-3-OT 4.50% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 10.8 CGU-3-F 10.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 98 PGP-2-3 1.50% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 0.91 PGP-2-2V 8.00% CC-3-V 26.5%

[0357] H24: Nematic Host Mixture (>0)

TABLE-US-00031 CCQU-3-F 9.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 94.5 CCQU-5-F 9.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.121 PUQU-3-F 16.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 20.4 APUQU-2-F 8.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 24.7 APUQU-3-F 9.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.3 PGUQU-3-F 8.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.1 CPGU-3-OT 7.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.9 CC-4-V 18.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 163 CC-5-V 5.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 0.81 CCP-V-1 6.00% CCEPC-3-3 3.00% PPGU-3-F 2.00%

[0358] H25: Nematic Host Mixture (>0)

TABLE-US-00032 CC-3-V 28.50% Clearing point [ C.]: 85.6 CCP-V-1 3.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.121 CCEPC-3-3 2.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 19.5 PGU-2-F 4.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 23.8 CCQU-3-F 8.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.3 CCQU-5-F 6.00% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 11.6 CCGU-3-F 3.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.7 PUQU-2-F 2.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 126 PUQU-3-F 10.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 0.81 APUQU-2-F 6.00% APUQU-3-F 9.00% PGUQU-3-F 5.00% PGUQU-4-F 5.00% PGUQU-5-F 4.00% CPGU-3-OT 4.00% PPGU-3-F 0.50%

[0359] H26: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00033 CC-3-V1 9.00% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.6 CC-3-O1 3.50% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0984 CC-3-4 8.00% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-5 8.00% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCP-3-1 6.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7.1 CCY-3-O1 6.50% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.1 CCY-3-O2 12.5% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 17 CPY-3-O2 10.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 119 CY-3-O2 15.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.31 CP-3-O1 8.5% PY-3-O2 12.5%

[0360] H27: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00034 CC-3-5 9.50% Clearing point [ C.]: 79.1 CC-5-O1 5.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0911 CCY-2-1 9.50% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCY-3-1 10.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7.1 CCY-5-O2 9.50% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.6 CPY-2-O2 12.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.5 CY-3-O4 9.00% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 178 CY-5-O4 11.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.12 CP-5-3 13.5%

[0361] H28: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00035 CC-3-V 37.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 2.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0987 CCY-4-O2 14.5% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 2.9 CPY-2-O2 10.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.7 CPY-3-O2 9.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.6 CY-3-O2 15.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 12.2 CY-3-O4 4.50% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.4 PYP-2-4 5.50% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 92 PPGU-3-F 1.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.28

[0362] H29: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00036 CC-3-V 37.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 75.4 CC-5-O1 2.00% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1034 CCY-3-O2 12.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.3 CCY-3-O3 6.50% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CPY-2-O2 12.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.9 CPY-3-O2 10.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.4 CY-3-O2 2.00% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15 PY-3-O2 16.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 95 CP-3-O1 2.00% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.24

[0363] H30: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00037 CC-3-V 22.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 9.75% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1027 CC-1-3 0.75% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.2 CC-3-4 5.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CC-3-5 4.00% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.8 CCY-3-O1 10% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.4 CCY-3-O2 12% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.2 CPY-2-O2 10% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CPY-3-O2 2.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.29 CY-3-O2 0.5% PP-1-2V1 0.25% PY-1-O4 4.25% PY-3-O2 17% PYP-2-3 1.5%

[0364] H31: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00038 CPP-3-2 4.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.6 CC-3-V 10% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.099 CC-3-V1 8.5% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 CC-3-4 4.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-5 8.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 7 CCP-3-1 4.25% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.2 CCY-3-O1 6.5% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.9 CCY-3-O2 12.75% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 108 CCY-4-O2 6.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.28 CY-3-O2 15.5% CP-3-O1 2.0% PY-3-O2 16% PYP-2-3 2.0%

[0365] H32: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00039 CC-3-V 15% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.4 CC-3-V1 9.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1086 CC-2-3 8.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.2 CC-3-4 7.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CCY-5-O2 8.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.3 CPY-2-O2 3.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.7 CPY-3-O2 8.5% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 102 CY-3-O2 7.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.33 PY-3-O2 16% PYP-2-3 8.0%

[0366] H33: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00040 CPP-3-2 6.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 75.2 CC-3-O1 4.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1095 CC-3-4 9.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-5 9.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCP-3-1 8.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CCP-3-3 1.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.8 CCY-3-O2 12% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.5 CLY-3-O2 1.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 119 CPY-3-O2 11% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.41 CY-3-O2 9.5% CP-3-O1 11.5% PY-3-O2 18%

[0367] H34: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00041 CPP-3-2 3.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 75.2 CC-3-V1 9.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1098 CC-3-O1 2.5% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-4 9.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-5 9.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CCP-3-1 7.5% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.6 CCP-V2-1 5.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.6 CCY-3-O2 4.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 114 CPY-2-O2 5.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.43 CPY-3-O2 10.5% CY-3-O2 15% CP-3-O1 1.5% PY-3-O2 18% PPGU-3-F 0.5%

[0368] H35: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00042 CPP-3-2 8.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.7 CC-3-V1 9.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1097 CC-3-O1 2.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-4 9.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CC-3-5 9.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.6 CCP-3-1 2.5% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.2 CCP-V2-1 5.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.6 CCY-3-O2 7.5% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 112 CLY-3-O2 1.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.44 CPY-3-O2 10.5% CY-3-O2 15% CP-3-O1 3.0% PY-3-O2 18%

[0369] H36: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00043 B-2O-O5 4.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 75 CPP-3-2 2.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1094 CC-3-O1 5.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-4 9.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-5 9.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CCP-3-1 8.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 13.9 CCP-3-3 5.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.4 CCY-3-O2 11.5% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 117 CLY-3-O2 1.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.42 CPY-3-O2 10.5% CY-3-O2 2.0% CP-3-O1 15% PY-3-O2 18%

[0370] H37: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00044 CPP-3-2 7.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 9.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1098 CC-3-O1 1.5% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-4 9.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.5 CC-3-5 9.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.6 CCP-3-1 4.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.4 CCP-V2-1 5.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.6 CCY-3-O2 7.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 112 CPY-2-O2 2.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.44 CPY-3-O2 10% CY-3-O2 15% CP-3-O1 3.0% PY-3-O2 18%

[0371] H38: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00045 CY-3-O2 10% Clearing point [ C.]: 100 CY-3-O4 20% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0865 CY-5-O4 20% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5.4 CCY-3-O2 6.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.9 CCY-3-O3 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 9.3 CCY-4-O2 6.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.6 CCY-5-O2 6.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.6 CCZC-3-3 3.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 347 CCZC-3-5 3.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.84 CCZC-4-3 3.5% CCZC-4-5 3.5% CCEPC-3-3 4.0% CCEPC-3-4 4.5% CCEPC-3-5 4.0%

[0372] H39: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00046 Y-4O-O4 12.5% Clearing point [ C.]: 105 CY-3-O4 5.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0868 CY-5-O4 18% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5.4 CCY-3-O1 4.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.2 CCY-3-O2 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 9.6 CCY-3-O3 6.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.7 CCY-4-O2 6.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.5 CCY-5-O2 6.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CPY-3-O2 4.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.85 CCZC-3-3 4.0% CCZC-3-5 4.0% CCZC-4-3 4.0% CCZC-4-5 4.0% CCOC-3-3 2.0% CCOC-4-3 2.0% CCEPC-3-3 4.0% CCEPC-3-4 4.0% CCEPC-3-5 4.0%

[0373] H40: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00047 Y-4O-O4 3.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 108 CY-3-O4 8.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1096 CCY-3-O1 4.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 2.4 CCY-3-O2 6.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.2 CCY-3-O3 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5.6 CPY-2-O2 8.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.3 CPY-3-O2 8.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 18.9 CP-3-O1 5.5% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CC-4-V 15% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.99 CC-3-V1 5.5% CCP-V-1 13% CCP-V2-1 13% CPTP-3-O1 5.0%

[0374] H41: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00048 CY-3-O4 16% Clearing point [ C.]: 109 CCY-3-O1 4.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0854 CCY-3-O2 6.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 2.3 CCY-3-O3 6.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CCY-4-O2 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5.4 CCY-5-O2 5.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.3 CC-3-O1 6.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 19.4 CC-4-V 15% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CC-3-V1 6.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 3.08 CCP-V-1 13% CCP-V2-1 13% CCEPC-3-3 4.0%

[0375] H42: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00049 Y-4O-O4 10% Clearing point [ C.]: 107 CY-3-O2 7.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1104 CY-3-O4 15% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6 CCY-3-O1 4.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.3 CCY-3-O2 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 10.3 CCY-3-O3 6.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 15.7 CCY-4-O2 6.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 19.1 CCY-5-O2 6.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CPY-2-O2 9.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.88 CPY-3-O2 9.0% CCP-V-1 8.5% CCEPC-3-3 4.0% CCEPC-3-4 4.0% CCEPC-3-5 3.5% CGPC-3-3 2.0%

[0376] H43: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00050 Y-4O-O4 10% Clearing point [ C.]: 108 CY-3-O2 4.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1403 CY-3-O4 15% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.4 CCY-3-O1 4.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.3 CCY-3-O2 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 10.7 CCY-3-O3 6.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.8 CCY-4-O2 6.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 20.5 CLY-3-O2 5.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CPY-2-O2 5.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 1.89 CPY-3-O2 5.0% PTY-3-O2 10% PTY-5-O2 10% CCP-V-1 7.0% CCP-V2-1 7.0%

[0377] H44: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00051 Y-4O-O4 10% Clearing point [ C.]: 109 CCY-3-O1 5.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1405 PTY-3-O2 3.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 2 PTY-3-O2 10% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.4 PTY-5-O2 10% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5.4 CP-3-O1 4.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.5 CC-4-V 15% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 19.9 CC-3-V1 8.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CCP-V-1 13% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 3.34 CCP-V2-1 13% CPTP-3-1 4.5% CPTP-3-2 4.5%

[0378] H45: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00052 CY-3-O4 13% Clearing point [ C.]: 107 CCY-3-O1 4.0% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.082 CCY-3-O2 5.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 2 CCY-3-O3 5.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3 CCY-4-O2 5.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 5 CCY-5-O2 5.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.3 CC-3-O1 13% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 19.2 CC-4-V 12% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CC-3-V1 6.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 3.29 CCP-V-1 13% CCP-V2-1 13% CCZC-3-3 3.0% CCEPC-3-3 3.0%

[0379] H46: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00053 Y-4O-O4 5.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 107 CY-3-O4 15% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.0821 CY-5-O4 14.5% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 4.5 CCY-3-O1 5.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.7 CCY-3-O2 6.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 8.2 CCY-3-O3 6.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 16 CCY-4-O2 6.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 17 CCY-5-O2 6.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: CC-4-V 8.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.04 CCZC-3-3 3.0% CCZC-3-5 3.0% CCZC-4-3 3.0% CCZC-4-5 3.0% CCOC-3-3 4.0% CCEPC-3-3 4.0% CCEPC-3-4 4.0% CCEPC-3-5 4.0%

[0380] H47: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00054 B-2O-O5 4.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 75 CPP-3-2 4.5% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1095 CC-3-V1 9.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-O1 3.0% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CC-3-4 9.0% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CC-3-5 9.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 14.5 CCP-3-1 8.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.7 CCP-V2-1 5.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 109 CCY-3-O2 6.0% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.43 CPY-3-O2 10.5% CY-3-O2 9.5% CP-3-O1 4.5% PY-3-O2 18%

[0381] H48: Nematic Host Mixture (<0)

TABLE-US-00055 B-2O-O5 4.0% Clearing point [ C.]: 75.2 CPP-3-2 12% n (589 nm, 20 C.): 0.1101 CC-3-V1 9.0% (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.1 CC-3-5 5.5% .sub.|| (1 kHz, 20 C.): 3.6 CCP-3-1 5.5% .sub. (1 kHz, 20 C.): 6.7 CCP-V2-1 5.0% K.sub.1 (20 C.) [pN]: 13 CCY-3-O2 4.0% K.sub.3 (20 C.) [pN]: 16.3 CLY-3-O2 1.0% .sub.1 (20 C.) [mPa .Math. s]: 121 CPY-2-O2 2.5% V.sub.0 (20 C.) [V]: 2.39 CPY-3-O2 10.5% CY-3-O2 15% CY-3-O4 11% CP-3-O1 15%

[0382] The following (polymerisable) self-alignment additives are used:

TABLE-US-00056 No. Structure of self-alignment additive 1 [00509] 2 [00510] V1 [00511]

[0383] The following polymerisable compounds are used:

##STR00512##

Working Examples

[0384] Self-alignment additives Nos. 1 and 2 are generally dissolved in one of host mixtures H1 to H47 in an amount of 0.02-1.5% by weight.

General Procedure for Mixture Examples

[0385] Firstly 0.3% of the polymerisable compound RM-1 is added to the host mixture. The self-alignment additive according to the invention is subsequently added to this host mixture in the amount indicated (generally 0.02-2.5% by weight).

[0386] The mixture formed is introduced into a test cell (without polyimide alignment layer, layer thickness d4.0 m, ITO coating on both sides for VHR measurements). The LC medium has spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) alignment with the substrate surfaces.

[0387] With application of a voltage greater than the optical threshold voltage (for example 14 Vpp), the VA cell is irradiated with UV light of intensity 100 mW/cm.sup.2 at 20 C. or 40 C. with a 320 nm band-pass filter. This causes polymerisation of the polymerisable compounds. This generates a pre-tilt.

[0388] Conditions for the UV process for pre-tilt setting: metal halide lamp (100 mW/cm.sup.3, 320 nm cut-off filter, irradiation for 60 minutes, adjustment of the sample temperature to 40 C., applied voltage: 20 V (200 Hz AC).

[0389] Pre-tilt measurements: the pre-tilt angles of the cells are measured directly after setting of the pre-tilt using an AXOSCAN (Axometrics, Inc., 103 Quality Circle, Suite 215 Huntsville, Ala. 35806 U.S.A.) at a wavelength of 578 nm.

[0390] Conditions for determination of the pre-tilt stability: the cells are subjected to 60 Vpp for 60 hours. The pre-tilt is measured before and after application of the voltage. A change in the pre-tilt after application of the voltage is a measure of the stability of the pre-tilt.

[0391] UV process for VHR measurements: metal halide lamp (100 mW/cm.sup.3, with a 320 nm cut-off filter for 60 minutes) at 40 C. with test cells coated with ITO over the entire surface.

[0392] VHR measurements are carried out using a Toyo VHR instrument: the VHR is measured one hour after processing of the test cells, with the following conditions: applied voltage: 1 V, frequency: 0.6 Hz, in bipolar mode at 60 C.

[0393] Backlight test: 7 days between two backlight modules with applied voltage (30 V(pp), 1 MHz, about 50 C.).

[0394] Measurements of additive spreading (distribution behaviour of the additive): test cells (8 cm4 cm) are filled with the test mixture. The lower part (close to the fill opening) has good alignment; the upper part (opposite the fill opening) in some cases has poor alignment, which is characterised by higher transmission between crossed polarisers. The ratio of these two regions is a measure of the spreading properties of the additive.

Mixture Example V1 (For Comparison)

[0395] A polymerisable compound RM-1 (0.3% by weight) and the polymerisable self-alignment additive V1 based on a terphenyl structure (0.3% by weight) are added to a nematic LC medium H1 of the VA type (<0) and homogenised.

[0396] Characterisation of the mixture, see Mixture Examples 1 and 2 below.

Mixture Example M1

[0397] Addition of 0.7% by weight of self-alignment additive No. 1 to a nematic LC medium H1 of the VA type (<0), which additionally comprises 0.3% of RM-1. The resultant medium is polymerised as indicated using UV light under an applied voltage.

[0398] Alignment (optical assessment): very good vertical alignment. The cell without polyimide layer can be switched reversibly.

[0399] Additive spreading: 95% of the area of the test cell show good VA alignment (comparison with V1: 95%)

[0400] VHR Measurement:

[0401] The VHR (voltage holding ratio) values of the test cells are measured before and after the polymerisation operation (PS stabilisation), which is initiated by UV irradiation (Table 1).

TABLE-US-00057 TABLE 1 Comparison of VHR values (100 C. 0.6 Hz) in test cells with host mixture H1 before and after exposure to backlight. Mixture Example VHR [%] M1 V1 Before exposure 90 84 After exposure 96 83

[0402] LTS (20 C.)>1000 h (comparison with V1, 0.3% by weight: 144 h)

[0403] Tilt angle generation (20 C.): 11 (comparison with V1: 3)

[0404] Pre-tilt stability (after irradiation for 60 min.): 0.4 change after stress (comparison with V1: 0.4)

[0405] Compared with V1 (3% by weight of a self-alignment additive having a terphenyl structure), the low-temperature stability, VHR and tilt angle generation, in particular, are improved.

Mixture Example M2

[0406] Addition of 0.6% by weight of self-alignment additive No. 2 to a nematic LC medium H1 of the VA type (<0) which additionally comprises 0.3% of RM-1. The resultant medium is polymerised as indicated using UV light under an applied voltage.

[0407] Alignment (optical assessment): very good vertical alignment. The cell without polyimide layer can be switched reversibly.

[0408] Additive spreading: 95% of the area of the test cell exhibit good VA alignment (comparison with V1: 95%)

[0409] LTS (20 C.)>600 h (comparison with V1, 0.3%: 144 h)

[0410] Tilt angle generation (20 C.): 10.5 (comparison with V1: 3)

[0411] Pre-tilt stability (after irradiation for 60 min.): 0.3 change after stress (comparison with V1: 0.4)

[0412] VHR Measurement:

[0413] The VHR (voltage holding ratio) values of the test cells are measured before and after the polymerisation operation (PS stabilisation), which is initiated by UV irradiation (Table 2).

TABLE-US-00058 TABLE 2 Comparison of VHR values (100 C. 0.6 Hz) in test cells with host mixture H1 before and after exposure to backlight. Mixture Example VHR [%] M2 V1 Before exposure 92 84 After exposure 83 83