AMPHOTERIC MAGNETIC MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Abstract

An amphoteric magnetic material and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The amphoteric magnetic material consists of: 5% to 88% of a permanent magnetic material, 5% to 88% of a soft magnetic material, 6% to 16% of a binder, and 1% to 10% of an auxiliary agent. The amphoteric magnet manufactured by mixing two phases without microscopic intergranular exchange coupling interaction has unexpected effects: the range of a magnetically attracted object is expanded to include an amphoteric magnet; the range of a magnetically attractive object is expanded to include an amphoteric magnet; the minimum value of the magnetic attraction force is increased, the magnetic attraction force is more uniform, and it is smoother to move and rotate an object. The effect obtained by two layers of the soft magnet and the permanent magnet can be realized by a single layer structure of the amphoteric magnet.

Claims

1. An amphoteric magnetic material, which consists of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 5% to 88% of a permanent magnetic material, 5% to 88% of a soft magnetic material, 6% to 16% of a binder, and 1% to 10% of an auxiliary agent.

2. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 1, wherein both the permanent magnetic material and the soft magnetic material are sheet-shaped.

3. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 2, wherein the permanent magnetic material is selected from at least one of AlNiCo permanent magnetic alloy, FeCo permanent magnetic alloy, permanent magnetic ferrite and rare-earth permanent magnetic material.

4. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of the soft magnetic material is not greater than 100 meshes.

5. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 4, wherein the soft magnetic material is selected from at least one of pure iron, low-carbon steel, FeSi alloy, FeAl alloy, FeSiAl alloy, NiFe alloy, FeCo alloy, soft magnetic ferrite, amorphous soft magnetic alloy, microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy, nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy, and impurity containing materials thereof.

6. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 1, wherein the binder is selected from at least one of thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, rubber, resin for coating and emulsion for coating.

7. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 6, wherein the binder is selected from at least one of CPE, NBR, HNBR, PVC, PE, PP, POE, EVA, EAA, EEA, TPE, TPU, SEBS, SBS, IR, IIR, CR, EPDM, NR, EVA emulsion, VAE emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion, silicone-acrylic emulsion, pure acrylic emulsion, vinyl acetate/acrylic emulsion and polyurethane emulsion.

8. The amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of an antioxidant, a stabilizer, a lubricant, a coupling agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a dispersing agent, an antifoaming agent and a thickening agent.

9. A method for manufacturing the amphoteric magnetic material of claim 1, wherein a permanent magnetic material, a soft magnetic material, a binder and an auxiliary agent are mixed uniformly, molded, orientated and then magnetized to obtain the amphoteric magnetic material.

10. The method for manufacturing the amphoteric magnetic material according to claim 9, wherein the molding method is selected from one of calendering, tape casting, injection molding, extrusion molding, and, coating, drying and curing the slurry obtained by mixing.

Description

DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an amphoteric magnetic object;

[0024] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a soft magnetic object;

[0025] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnetic object;

[0026] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic object of a double-layer structure;

[0027] FIG. 5 is a schematic effect diagram of planar multipolar linear parallel magnetization;

[0028] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an attraction force test.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In an embodiment of the invention, an amphoteric magnetic material is provided, which consists of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 5% to 88% of a permanent magnetic material, 5% to 88% of a soft magnetic material, 6% to 16% of a binder, and 1% to 10% of an auxiliary agent.

[0030] Preferably, the amphoteric magnetic material consists of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 70% to 75% of a permanent magnetic material, 15% to 20% of a soft magnetic material, 7% to 10% of a binder, and 1% to 5% of an auxiliary agent. More preferably, the amphoteric magnetic material consists of the following raw materials by mass percentage: 71% to 72% of a permanent magnetic material, 18% to 19% of a soft magnetic material, 8% to 9% of a binder, and 1% to 2% of an auxiliary agent.

[0031] Preferably, in the amphoteric magnetic material, both the permanent magnetic material and the soft magnetic material are sheet-shaped.

[0032] Preferably, the permanent magnetic material is selected from at least one of an AlNiCo permanent magnetic alloy, a FeCo permanent magnetic alloy, a permanent magnetic ferrite and a rare-earth permanent magnetic material. More preferably, the permanent magnetic material is anisotropic ferrite magnetic powder.

[0033] Preferably, the particle size of the soft magnetic material is not greater than 100 meshes. The particle size being not greater than 100 meshes should be interpreted as follows: the particle size of the soft magnetic material is less than or equal to the particle size of the soft magnetic material in 100 meshes. For example, the particle size of the soft magnetic material in 300 meshes is less than the particle size of the soft magnetic material in 100 meshes.

[0034] Preferably, the soft magnet material is selected from at least one of a pure iron, a low-carbon steel, a FeSi alloy, a FeAl alloy, a FeSiAl alloy, a NiFe alloy, a FeCo alloy, a soft magnetic ferrite, an amorphous soft magnetic alloy, a microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy, a nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy, and an impurities containing material thereof. More preferably, the soft magnetic material is selected from at least one of an iron ore concentrate powder and a FeSiAl powder.

[0035] Preferably, in the amphoteric magnetic material, the binder is selected from at least one of thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, rubber, resin for coating and emulsion for coating. More preferably, the binder is selected from at least one of CPE, NBR, HNBR, PVC, PE, PP, POE, EVA, EAA, EEA, TPE, TPU, SEBS, SBS, IR, IIR, CR, EPDM, NR, EVA emulsion, VAE emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion, silicone-acrylic emulsion, pure acrylic emulsion, vinyl acetate/acrylic emulsion and polyurethane emulsion. Most preferably, the binder is CPE.

[0036] Preferably, in the amphoteric magnetic material, the auxiliary agent is selected from at least one of an antioxidant, a stabilizer, a lubricant, a coupling agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a dispersing agent, an antifoaming agent and a thickening agent.

[0037] Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from at least one of a hindered phenol antioxidant, a phosphite antioxidant, a hindered amine antioxidant, a thioester antioxidant and an inorganic phosphate antioxidant.

[0038] Preferably, the stabilizer is selected from at least one of a lead salt stabilizer, a metallic soap stabilizer, an organic tin stabilizer, an organic antimony stabilizer, an organic rare-earth stabilizer, a calcium-zinc stabilizer and an epoxidized soybean oil.

[0039] Preferably, the lubricant is selected from at least one of silicone oil, silicone powder, white mineral oil, vegetable oil, fatty acid amide, stearic acid, stearate, montanate, paraffin, polyethylene wax, ethylene bisstearamide and pentaerythritol distearate.

[0040] Preferably, the coupling agent is selected from at least one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminate coupling agent, a zirconate coupling agent and a rare-earth coupling agent.

[0041] Preferably, the ultraviolet absorber is selected from at least one of benzophenone, benzotriazole, salicylate, triazine, substituted acrylonitrile and a hindered amine light stabilizer.

[0042] Preferably, the dispersing agent is selected from at least one of sodium oleate, carboxylate, sulphate, sulfonate, octadecenylamine acetate, alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, aminopropylamine dioleate, modified polyaminoamide phosphate, fatty acid-ethylene oxide adduct, polyethylene glycol type polyol, polyethylenimine derivative, phosphate high-molecular polymer and oily amino oleate.

[0043] Preferably, the antifoaming agent is selected from at least one of an organic silicon antifoaming agent, a polyether antifoaming agent, a polyether-modified organic silicon antifoaming agent, a mineral oil and modifiers thereof, and natural oil.

[0044] Preferably, the thickening agent is selected from at least one of a natural thickening agent, a cellulose thickening agent, an inorganic thickening agent and a synthetic polymer thickening agent.

[0045] In another embodiment of the invention, a method for manufacturing the amphoteric magnetic material is provided, wherein a permanent magnetic material, a soft magnetic material, a binder and an auxiliary agent are mixed uniformly, molded, orientated and then magnetized to obtain the amphoteric magnetic material.

[0046] Preferably, the molding method is selected from any one of calendering, tape casting, injection molding, extrusion molding, and coating, drying and curing the slurry obtained by mixing.

[0047] The magnetic materials of different structures will be described below with reference to schematic diagrams. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an amphoteric magnetic object, wherein an arrow represents a calendered and orientated permanent magnetic domain unit, a straight line represents a sheet-shaped soft magnetic phase, and the permanent magnet and the soft magnet fail to realize microscopic exchange coupling. FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a soft magnetic object, wherein a straight line represents a sheet-shaped soft magnetic phase. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnetic object, wherein an arrow represents an orientated magnetic domain unit. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic object of a double-layer structure, wherein the bottom layer is a soft magnetic layer with a straight line representing a sheet-shaped soft magnetic phase, and the surface layer is a permanent magnetic layer with an arrow representing an oriented permanent magnetic domain unit.

[0048] The present invention will be further described below in detail by way of specific examples and comparison examples with reference to FIGS. 1-6. The raw materials used in the examples and comparison examples are conventionally commercially available.

EXAMPLE 1

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, an amphoteric magnetic object is provided, including a high-molecular polymer using a magnetic material as filler. The amphoteric magnetic object consists of components shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Raw material composition in Example 1 Raw material Anisotropic ferrite Iron ore Calcium- magnetic concentrate Chlorinated Epoxidized Polyethylene zinc powder powder polyethylene soybean oil wax stabilizer wt % 71.22 18.80 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34

[0050] Manufacturing steps are as follows:

[0051] internal mixing: the materials are prepared in proportions according to the formulation and then milled by an internal mixer, and the clinker is discharged after the milling temperature reached 120 C. to 150 C.;

[0052] open milling: the mixed material is milled again by an open mill;

[0053] refining and crushing: the open-milled rubber sheets are refined by the internal mixer to obtain small pellets and then crushed by a crusher;

[0054] calendering: the crushed granules are directly calendered by a calender and processed into samples respectively having a thickness of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm;

[0055] magnetizing: each sample is magnetized in a single-sided multipolar linear manner in a direction parallel to the calendering direction, the magnetic distance being 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, respectively. The magnetic pole distribution of the magnetic rubber sheets after magnetized in a parallel multipolar linear manner is shown by the effect diagram of planar multipolar linear parallel magnetization in FIG. 5; and

[0056] testing: the attraction force, magnetic permeability and magnetic properties of the samples according to this example in mutual attraction with the soft magnet and in self-attraction are tested.

[0057] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an attraction force test, wherein 1 represents a spring tension meter; 2 represents a pull rod for an iron plate; 3 represents a circular iron plate (soft magnet) having a thickness of 5 mm and an area of 10 cm2 or another mutually attracted sample to be tested (amphoteric magnet or permanent magnet); 4 represents a sample to be tested having an area greater than that of the circular iron plate; 5 represents a double-sided adhesive tape for fixing the sample to be tested; and, 6 represents a flat aluminum fixed base. The method for the attraction force test is described below with reference to FIG. 6: the magnetized surface of the sample to be tested is faced up and adhered to the aluminum base flatly by the double-sided adhesive tape, then the circular iron block (or the mutually attracted sample) with the pull rod for testing is pulled up vertically using the spring tension meter, and the maximum pulling force (F) is recorded.

[0058] The attraction force of the magnetic rubber per 10 cm2=[the maximum pulling force (F) measured by the spring scalethe weight of the circular iron block with the pull rod and the weight of the product].

[0059] The test results of Example 1 are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Test results of the mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the soft magnet and the self-attraction of the amphoteric magnet in Example 1 Mutual attraction of the amphoteric Self-attraction of the amphoteric magnet (Example 1) magnet (Example 1) Attraction force with the soft magnet Attraction force of completely Fluctuation Attraction of mutually attracted corresponded of the Magnetic force of the staggered magnetic path magnetic path of the attraction Thickness distance circular iron plate of the magnetic rubber magnetic rubber force mm mm g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.3 1.0 15-16 7-8 15-17 58.9 1.5 20-21 9-10 16-20 55.0 2.0 14-15 6-7 14-16 62.5 0.5 1.0 20-21 8-9 20-22 63.6 1.5 40 16-19 35-40 60.0 2.0 28-30 14-14 26-31 54.8 0.6 1.5 46 23-25 44-46 50.0 2.0 40 18-22 34-40 55.0 0.8 1.5 57 31-32 55-56 44.6 2.0 50 27-28 52-54 48.1 1.0 1.5 62 32-35 58-60 46.7 2.0 56 27-30 53-54 50.0 Notes: The percentage of the fluctuation of the attraction force = (maximum value minimum value)* 100/maximum value (similarly hereinafter)

[0060] The attraction force of the mutually attracted staggered magnetic path of the magnetic rubber refers to that: the manufactured amphoteric magnetic rubber sheet sample is cut into two pieces, the N pole of one piece of magnetic rubber completely corresponds to the S pole of the other piece of magnetic rubber and then it is rotated till the minimum value recorded.

[0061] The attraction force of the completely corresponded magnetic path of the magnetic rubber refers to that: the manufactured amphoteric magnetic rubber sheet sample is cut into two pieces, the N pole of one piece of magnetic rubber completely corresponds to the S pole of the other piece of magnetic rubber, thus the attraction force between the two pieces of magnetic rubber is largest.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Magnetic properties of the amphoteric magnet in Example 1 Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Result 2201 956 1335 0.562 3.0247

[0062] It can be known from the test results in Tables 2 and 3 that, the amphoteric magnet manufactured according to the formulation of Example 1 can attract the soft magnet. Compared with the soft magnet, the amphoteric magnet has an additional self-attraction function, and the fluctuation of the attraction force on the self-attraction surface of the amphoteric magnetic is within 64% (the difference between the maximum numerical value and the minimum numerical value*100/the maximum numerical value). The amphoteric magnet has both the magnetic permeability property of a soft magnet and the magnetic property of a permanent magnet.

EXAMPLE 2

[0063] Referring to FIG. 1, an amphoteric magnetic object is provided, including a high-molecular polymer using a magnetic material as filler. The amphoteric magnetic object consists of components shown in Table 4.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Raw material composition in Example 2 Raw material Anisotropic ferrite Calcium- magnetic FeSiAl Chlorinated Epoxidized Polyethylene zinc powder powder polyethylene soybean oil wax stabilizer wt % 71.22 18.80 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34

[0064] Manufacturing steps are as follows:

[0065] Internal mixing: the materials are prepared in proportions according to the formulation above and then milled by an internal mixer, and the clinker is discharged after the milling temperature reached 120 C. to 150 C.;

[0066] open milling: the mixed material is milled again by an open mill;

[0067] refining and crushing: the open-milled rubber sheets are refined by the internal mixer to obtain small pellets and then crushed by a crusher;

[0068] calendering: the crushed granules are directly calendered by a calender and processed into samples having a thickness of 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm respectively;

[0069] magnetizing: each samples are magnetized in a single-sided multipolar linear manner in a direction parallel to the calendering direction, and the magnetic distance is 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively; and

[0070] testing: the attraction force, magnetic permeability and magnetic properties of the samples according to this Example in mutual attraction with the soft magnet and in self-attraction are tested.

[0071] The test results in Example 2 are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Test results of the mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the soft magnet and the self-attraction of the amphoteric magnet in Example 2 Mutual attraction of the amphoteric Self-attraction of the amphoteric magnet (Example 2) magnet (Example 2) Attraction force with the soft magnet Attraction force of completely Fluctuation Attraction of mutually attracted corresponded of the Magnetic force of the staggered magnetic path magnetic path of the attraction Thickness distance circular iron plate of the magnetic rubber magnetic rubber force mm mm g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.6 1.5 80-82 35-36 78-84 58.3 2.0 62-64 27-28 58-64 57.8 0.7 1.5 85-87 37-38 82-87 57.5 2.0 72-74 30-32 72-74 59.4 0.8 1.5 90-94 38-40 86-89 57.3 2.0 80-82 33-35 74-78 57.7 1.0 1.5 110-112 42-44 100-110 61.8 2.0 100-110 36-40 100-110 67.3

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Magnetic properties of the amphoteric magnet in Example 2 Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Result 2422 1391 1765 1.019 2.9201

[0072] It can be known from the test results in Tables 5 and 6 that, in Example 2, in addition to the same conclusions as those in Example 1, different soft magnetic components in a same proportion also greatly influences the properties of the amphoteric magnet, mainly manifested as different level of magnetic properties of the amphoteric magnet and different magnitudes of the attraction force.

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 1

[0073] Referring to FIG. 2, a soft magnetic object is provided, including a high-molecular polymer using a magnetic material as filler. The soft magnetic object consists of components shown in Table 7.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Raw material composition in Comparison Example 1 Raw material Anisotropic ferrite Iron ore Calcium- magnetic concentrate Chlorinated Epoxidized Polyethylene zinc powder powder polyethylene soybean oil wax stabilizer wt % 0 90.02 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34

[0074] Manufacturing steps are as follows:

[0075] Internal mixing: the materials are prepared in proportions according to the formulation above and then milled by an internal mixer, and the clinker is discharged after the milling temperature reached 120 C. to 150 C.;

[0076] open milling: the mixed material is milled again by an open mill;

[0077] refining and crushing: the open-milled rubber sheets are refined by the internal mixer to obtain small pellets and then crushed by a crusher;

[0078] calendering: the crushed granules are directly calendered by a calender and processed into samples having a thickness of 0.3 mm; and

[0079] testing: the magnetic permeability is measured, and the results are shown in the following table 8.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Magnetic properties of the soft magnet in Comparison Example 1 Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Result No No No No 7.2053

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 2

[0080] Referring to FIG. 2, a soft magnetic object is provided, including a high-molecular polymer using a magnetic material as filler. The soft magnetic object consists of components shown in Table 9.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Raw material composition in Comparison Example 2 Raw material Anisotropic ferrite Calcium- magnetic FeSiAl Chlorinated Epoxidized Polyethylene zinc powder powder polyethylene soybean oil wax stabilizer wt % 0 90.02 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34

[0081] Manufacturing steps are as follows:

[0082] Internal mixing: the materials are prepared in proportions according to the formulation above and then milled by an internal mixer, and the clinker is discharged after the milling temperature reached 120 C. to 150 C.;

[0083] open milling: the mixed material is milled again by an open mill;

[0084] refining and crushing: the open-milled rubber sheets are refined by the internal mixer to obtain small pellets and then crushed by a crusher;

[0085] calendering: the crushed granules are directly calendered by a calender and processed into samples having a thickness of 0.3 mm; and

[0086] testing: the magnetic permeability is measured, and the results are shown in the following table 10.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Magnetic properties of the soft magnet in Comparison Example 2 Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Result No No No No 13.739

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 3

[0087] Referring to FIG. 3, a permanent magnetic object is provided, including a high-molecular polymer using a magnetic material as filler. The permanent magnetic object consists of components shown in Table 11.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Raw material composition in Comparison Example 3 Raw material Anisotropic ferrite Calcium- magnetic FeSiAl Chlorinated Epoxidized Polyethylene zinc powder powder polyethylene soybean oil wax stabilizer wt % 90.02 0 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34

[0088] Manufacturing steps are as follows:

[0089] internal mixing: the materials are prepared in proportions according to the formulation above and then milled by an internal mixer, and the clinker is discharged after the milling temperature reached 120 C. to 150 C.;

[0090] open milling: the mixed material is milled again by an open mill;

[0091] refining and crushing: the open-milled rubber sheets are refined by the internal mixer to obtain small pellets and then crushed by a crusher;

[0092] calendering: the crushed granules were directly calendered by a calender and processed into samples having a thickness of 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm respectively;

[0093] magnetizing: each sample is magnetized in a single-sided multipolar linear manner in a direction parallel to the calendering direction, and the magnetic distance is 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively; and

[0094] testing: parameters measured include: in mutual attraction with the soft magnet (the suction force of a suction disc) and in self-attraction of the permanent magnet, the maximum attraction force (at matched position) and the minimum attraction force (at unmatched position) in different directions; in mutual attraction with the amphoteric magnet of Example 2, the maximum attraction force (at matched position) and the minimum attraction force (at an unmatched position) in different directions.

[0095] The test results in Comparison Example 3 are shown in Tables 12 and 13.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Test results of the mutual attraction of the permanent magnet of Comparison Example 3 with the soft magnet, the self- attraction of the permanent magnets and the mutual attraction of the permanent magnet with the amphoteric magnet Mutual attraction of the permanent Self-attraction of the permanent magnet magnet (Comparison Example 3) with (Comparison Example 3) the amphoteric magnet (Example 2) Mutual Attraction Attraction attraction of the force of Attraction force of Attraction permanent magnet mutually force of mutually force of (Comparison attracted completely attracted completely Example 3) with staggered corresponded staggered corresponded the soft magnet magnetic magnetic Fluctuation magnetic magnetic Fluctuation Attraction force path of the path of the of the path of the path of the of the Magnetic of the circular magnetic magnetic attraction magnetic magnetic attraction Thickness distance iron plate rubber rubber force rubber rubber force mm mm g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.3 1.5 40-42 4-5 30-32 87.5 11-12 20-24 54.2 2. 27-28 2 20-22 90.9 9-10 17-18 50.0 0.4 1.5 46-48 5-6 36-38 86.8 15-17 32-34 55.9 2.0 36-38 4-5 26-28 85.7 12-15 22-26 53.8 0.5 1.5 68-70 6-8 54-58 89.7 20-22 42-44 54.5 2.0 54-56 6-7 44-46 86.9 16-18 36-38 57.9 0.6 1.5 86-88 8-10 74-76 89.5 24-26 46-50 52.0 2.0 64-66 8-9 54-55 85.5 18-20 38-40 55.0 0.7 1.5 92-94 12-14 82-85 85.9 31-33 64-66 53.0 2.0 75-76 10-11 62-64 84.4 23-24 55-57 59.6 0.8 1.5 96-98 12-15 84-88 86.4 34-36 70-72 52.8 2.0 80-82 11-12 72-74 85.1 26-27 60-62 58.1 1.0 1.5 104-106 13-15 88-90 85.6 39-41 78-80 51.3 2.0 94-96 12-15 80-85 85.9 32-34 70-72 55.6

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Magnetic properties of the permanent magnet in Comparison Example 3 Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Result 2618 2064 2689 1.624 1

[0096] Conclusions:

[0097] 1. With reference to the following table 14, from the results of test of the magnetic properties of the amphoteric magnet of Example 1, the amphoteric magnet of Example 2 and the permanent magnet of Comparison Example 3, it is seen that in comparison with the permanent magnet the parameters of magnetic properties of the amphiphilic magnet are degraded due to the incorporation of the soft magnetic phase. However, the magnetic properties are indeed lost, the magnetic permeability of soft magnetic properties is increased.

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Comparison of parameters of magnetic properties of the permanent magnet and the amphoteric magnet Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Permanent 2618 2064 2689 1.624 1 magnet of Comparison Example 3: Amphoteric 2201 956 1335 0.562 3.0247 magnet of Example 1 Amphoteric 2422 1391 1765 1.019 2.9201 magnet of Example 2

[0098] 2. With reference to the following table 15, the amphoteric magnet 2 has unexpected amphoteric effects, specifically: compared with the self-attraction of the permanent magnets, in mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet, the maximum value of the attraction force is decreased and the minimum value is increased by 2.3 to 5 times, that is, for the mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet, there is no phenomenon as that in self-attraction of the permanent magnets that the attraction is not not strong enough to be held on with each other and till fell off at the smallest attraction force; and, the fluctuation of the attraction force in mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet is decreased; the fluctuation in self-attraction of the permanent magnets is 84.4% to 90.9%, while the fluctuation in mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet is 50% to 59.6%, that is, the movement or rotation on the absorption surface is smoother.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Comparison of the attraction force in self-attraction of the permanent magnets and the attraction force in mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet Mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet Self-attraction of the permanent magnets (Example 2) with the permanent magnet (Comparison Example 3) (Comparison Example 3) Attraction Attraction force of Attraction force of Attraction mutually force of mutually force of attracted completely attracted completely staggered corresponded staggered corresponded magnetic magnetic Fluctuation magnetic magnetic Fluctuation path of the path of the of the path of the path of the of the Magnetic magnetic magnetic attraction magnetic magnetic attraction Thickness distance rubber rubber force rubber rubber force mm mm g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.6 1.5 8-10 74-76 89.5 24-26 46-50 52.0 2.0 8-9 54-55 85.5 18-20 38-40 55.0 0.7 1.5 12-14 82-85 85.9 31-33 64-66 53.0 2.0 10-11 62-64 84.4 23-24 55-57 59.6 0.8 1.5 12-15 84-88 86.4 34-36 70-72 52.8 2.0 11-12 72-74 85.1 26-27 60-62 58.1 1.0 1.5 13-15 88-90 85.6 39-41 78-80 51.3 2.0 12-15 80-85 85.9 32-34 70-72 55.6

[0099] 3. With reference to the following table 16, the amphoteric magnet 2 has unexpected amphoteric effects, specifically: compared with the self-attraction of the permanent magnets, in self-attraction of the amphoteric magnets of Example 2, the minimum value is increased by more than 2 times, thus the amphoteric magnet will not fall off due to insufficient attraction force at the minimum attraction force in self-attraction; and, the fluctuation of the attraction force on the attraction surface in self-attraction of the permanent magnets exceeds 84%, while the fluctuation of the attraction force in self-attraction of the amphoteric magnets does not exceeds 68%, so that the movement or rotation on the absorption surface is smoother; moreover, the maximum value in self-attraction of the amphoteric magnets is not less than that in self-attraction of the permanent magnets.

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Comparison of the attraction force in self-attraction of the permanent magnets versus the attraction force in self-attraction of the amphoteric magnets Self-attraction of the permanent magnets Self-attraction of the amphoteric magnets (Comparison Example 3) (Example 2) Attraction Attraction force of Attraction force of Attraction mutually force of mutually force of attracted completely attracted completely staggered corresponded staggered corresponded magnetic magnetic Fluctuation magnetic magnetic Fluctuation path of the path of the of the path of the path of the of the Magnetic magnetic magnetic attraction magnetic magnetic attraction Thickness distance rubber rubber force rubber rubber force mm mm g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.6 1.5 8-10 74-76 89.5 35-36 78-84 58.3 2.0 8-9 54-55 85.5 27-28 58-64 57.8 0.7 1.5 12-14 82-85 85.9 37-38 82-87 57.5 2.0 10-11 62-64 84.4 30-32 72-74 59.4 0.8 1.5 12-15 84-88 86.4 38-40 86-89 57.3 2.0 11-12 72-74 85.1 33-35 74-78 57.7 1.0 1.5 13-15 88-90 85.6 42-44 100-110 61.8 2.0 12-15 80-85 85.9 36-40 100-110 67.3

[0100] 4. With reference to the following table 17, the amphoteric magnet 2 has unexpected amphoteric effects, specifically: for mutual attraction with the soft magnet, the attraction force in mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the soft magnet is comparable to that in mutual attraction of the permanent magnet with the soft magnet.

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Comparison of the attraction force of the permanent magnet with the soft magnet and the attraction force of the amphoteric magnet with the soft magnet Attraction force of the circular iron plate g/cm.sup.2 (the attraction force with the soft magnet) Magnetic Permanent magnet Thickness distance (Comparison Amphoteric magnet mm mm Example 3) (Example 2) 0.6 1.5 86-88 80-82 2.0 64-66 62-64 0.7 1.5 92-94 85-87 2.0 75-76 72-74 0.8 1.5 96-98 90-94 2.0 80-82 80-82 1.0 1.5 104-106 110-112 2.0 94-96 100-110

COMPARISON EXAMPLE 4

[0101] With reference to FIG. 4, an amphoteric composite material having a soft magnet in its bottom layer and a permanent magnet in its surface layer is provided. The amphoteric composite material consists of the following components shown in Table 18.

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Raw material composition in Comparison Example 4 Raw material Anisotropic ferrite Calcium- magnetic Chlorinated Epoxidized Polyethylene zinc powder FeSiAlpowder polyethylene soybean oil wax stabilizer Permanent wt % 90.02 0 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34 magnet layer Soft magnet wt % 0 90.02 8.83 0.57 0.23 0.34 layer

[0102] Manufacturing steps are as follows:

[0103] internal mixing: the materials are prepared in proportions according to the formulation above and then milled by an internal mixer, and the clinker is discharged after the milling temperature reached 120 C. to 150 C.;

[0104] open milling: the mixed material is milled again by an open mill;

[0105] refining and crushing: the open-milled rubber sheets are refined by the internal mixer to obtain small pellets and then crushed by a crusher;

[0106] calendering: the two materials are processed into samples respectively having a thickness of 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm, and the two materials of the same thickness are bonded together with glue;

[0107] magnetizing: permanent magnetic surfaces of each sample are magnetized in a single-sided multipolar linear manner in a direction parallel to the calendering direction, and the magnetic distance is 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm respectively; and

[0108] testing: test is conducted in the following cases with corresponding parameters: the double-layer samples in this comparison example in mutual attraction with the soft magnet (the suction force of the suction disc); in self-attraction of the double-layer samples in this comparison example, the maximum attraction force (at matched position) and the minimum attraction force (at an unmatched position) in different directions; in mutual attraction of the double-layer samples in this comparison example with the amphoteric magnet in Example 2, the maximum attraction force (at matched position) and the minimum attraction force (at an unmatched position); and, in mutual attraction of the double-layer samples in this comparison example with the permanent magnet in Comparison Example 3, the maximum attraction force (at matched position) and the minimum attraction force (at an unmatched position).

[0109] The results of test in Comparison Example 4 are shown in Tables 19 and 20.

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Results of the mutual attraction of the double-layer magnet of Comparison Example 4 with the soft magnet, the self-attraction of the double-layer magnets, the mutual attraction of the double-layer magnet with the amphoteric magnet and the mutual attraction of the double-layer magnet with the permanent magnet Mutual attraction of the double-layer magnet Self-attraction of the (Comparison Example 4) double-layer magnets with the amphoteric magnet Mutual (Comparison Example 4) (Example2) attraction of Attraction Attraction Comparison force of Attraction force of Example mutually force of mutually 4 with the attracted completely attracted soft magnet staggered corresponded staggered Attraction magnetic magnetic Fluctuation magnetic force of the path of the path of the of the path of the Magnetic circular magnetic magnetic attraction magnetic Thickness distance iron plate rubber rubber force rubber mm mm g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % g/cm.sup.2 0.6 1.5 96-98 32 88-90 64.4 30-32 2.0 66-68 22-26 64-66 66.7 22-24 0.7 1.5 104-106 34-35 92-94 63.8 35-36 2.0 74-78 28-31 70-73 61.6 28-30 0.8 1.5 110-114 35-37 98-102 65.7 37-38 2.0 86-90 33-35 75-80 58.6 33-34 1.0 1.5 122-124 41-42 103-105 61.0 41-42 2.0 100-110 37-40 90-94 60.6 38-40 Mutual attraction of Mutual attraction of the the double-layer magnet double-layer magnet (Comparison Example 4) (Comparison Example 4) with the permanent magnet with the amphoteric magnet (Comparison Example 3) (Example2) Attraction Attraction force of Attraction force of mutually force of completely attracted completely corresponded staggered corresponded magnetic Fluctuation magnetic magnetic Fluctuation path of the of the path of the path of the of the Magnetic magnetic attraction magnetic magnetic attraction Thickness distance rubber force rubber rubber force mm mm g/cm.sup.2 % g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.6 1.5 80-84 64.2 24-26 50-52 53.8 2.0 66-68 67.6 20-22 38-40 50.0 0.7 1.5 86-88 60.2 27-29 60-62 56.5 2.0 70-76 63.2 22-24 48-50 56.0 0.8 1.5 88-90 58.9 30-32 65-66 54.5 2.0 77-80 58.8 26-28 54-56 53.6 1.0 1.5 90-92 55.4 32-34 68-70 54.3 2.0 84-87 56.3 30-32 70-72 58.3

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Magnetic properties of the double-layer magnet in Comparison Example 4 Index Br Hcb Hcj (BH)max Magnetic (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Result 2273 1147 1295 0.853 2.9485

[0110] Conclusions:

[0111] 1. With reference to the following table 21, the amphoteric magnet in Example 2 has unexpected magnetic effects, specifically: the single-layer amphoteric magnet, the double-layer magnet in the Comparison Example 4 and the permanent magnet are magnetically attractable objects, all of which can absorb the soft magnet with comparable attraction forces.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Comparison of the attraction force of the double- layer magnet with the soft magnet and the attraction force of the amphoteric magnet with the soft magnet Attraction force of the suction disc g/cm.sup.2 (the attraction force with the soft magnet) Double-layer Permanent Magnetic magnet Amphoteric magnet Thickness distance (Comparison magnet (Comparison mm mm Example 4) (Example 2) Example 3) 0.6 1.5 96-98 80-82 86-88 2.0 66-68 62-64 64-66 0.7 1.5 104-106 85-87 92-94 2.0 74-78 72-74 75-76 0.8 1.5 110-114 90-94 96-98 2.0 86-90 80-82 80-82 1.0 1.5 122-124 110-112 104-106 2.0 100-110 100-110 94-96

[0112] 2. With reference to the following table 22, the amphoteric magnet has unexpected effects, specifically: self-attraction can be realized with the amphoteric magnets, the permanent magnets and the double-layer magnets; the double-layer magnet in the Comparison Example 4 also has the amphoteric function of the single-layer amphoteric magnet, but the effect of amphoteric Comparison Example 4 is not as good as that of Example 2, and the fluctuation of the attraction force in self-attraction of the amphoteric magnets in Example 2 is smaller. Therefore, it can be known that the single-layer amphoteric magnet in Example 2 has better self-attraction effect than the double-layer magnet, so that the movement or rotation on the surface of the single-layer amphoteric magnet in self-attraction is smoother.

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Comparison of the attraction force in self-attraction of the double-layer magnets, the amphoteric magnets and the permanent magnets Self-attraction of the double-layer Self-attraction of the amphoteric Self-attraction of the permanent magnets (Comparison Example 4) magnets (Example 2) magnets (Comparison Example 3) Attraction Attraction Attraction force of Attraction force of Attraction force of Attraction mutually force of mutually force of mutually force of attracted completely attracted completely attracted completely staggered corresponded Percentage staggered corresponded Percentage staggered corresponded magnetic magnetic of the magnetic magnetic of the magnetic magnetic Fluctuation path of the path of the fluctuation path of the path of the fluctuation path of the path of the of the magnetic magnetic of the magnetic magnetic of the magnetic magnetic attracttion Magnetic rubber rubber attraction rubber rubber attraction rubber rubber force Thickness distance g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 force g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 force g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 % 0.6 1.5 32 88-90 64.4 35-36 78-84 58.3 8-10 74-76 89.5 2.0 22-26 64-66 66.7 27-28 58-64 57.8 8-9 54-55 85.5 0.7 1.5 34-35 92-94 63.8 37-38 82-87 57.5 12-14 82-85 85.9 2.0 28-31 70-73 61.6 30-32 72-74 59.4 10-11 62-64 84.4 0.8 1.5 35-37 98-102 65.7 38-40 86-89 57.3 12-15 84-88 86.4 2.0 33-35 75-80 58.6 33-35 74-78 57.7 11-12 72-74 85.1 1.0 1.5 41-42 103-105 61.0 42-44 100-110 61.8 13-15 88-90 85.6 2.0 37-40 90-94 60.6 36-40 100-110 67.3 12-15 80-85 85.9

[0113] 3. With reference to the following table 23, the amphoteric magnet has unexpected technical effects: the amphoteric magnet of a single-layer structure in Example 2 achieves the attraction effect of the double-layer magnet in the Comparison Example 4 and can also adsorb the permanent magnet, with a small fluctuation of the attraction force.

TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Comparison of the attraction force in mutual attraction of the double-layer magnet with the permanent magnet and in mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet Mutual attraction of the double-layer magnet Mutual attraction of the amphoteric magnet (Comparison Example 4) with the permanent (Example 2) with the permanent magnet magnet (Comparison Example 3) (Comparison Example 3) Attraction Attraction force of Attraction force of Attraction mutually force of mutually force of attracted completely attracted completely staggered corresponded staggered corresponded magnetic magnetic magnetic magnetic path of the path of the Fluctuation path of the path of the Fluctuation magnetic magnetic of the magnetic magnetic of the Thickness Magnetic rubber rubber attraction rubber rubber attraction mm distance g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 force % g/cm.sup.2 g/cm.sup.2 force % 0.6 1.5 24-26 50-52 53.8 24-26 46-50 52.0 2.0 20-22 38-40 50.0 18-20 38-40 55.0 0.7 1.5 27-29 60-62 56.5 31-33 64-66 53.0 2.0 22-24 48-50 56.0 23-24 55-57 59.6 0.8 1.5 30-32 65-66 50.0 34-36 70-72 52.8 2.0 26-28 54-56 53.6 26-27 60-62 58.1 1.0 1.5 32-34 68-70 54.3 39-41 78-80 51.3 2.0 30-32 70-72 58.3 32-34 70-72 55.6

[0114] The results of the examples and the comparison examples are concluded as follows:

[0115] Firstly, it can be known from Table 24 that the parameters of magnetic properties of the amphoteric magnet obtained by mixing a permanent magnet phase and a soft magnet phase without microscopic intergranular exchange coupling interaction is poorer than the parameters of magnetic properties of the permanent magnet, and thus the magnetic properties are lost to some extent; however, the amphoteric magnet can achieve unexpected amphoteric effects, and has both the features of a permanent magnet and the features of a soft magnet.

TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Comparison of magnetic properties of the amphoteric magnet, the permanent magnet and the soft magnet Main Br Hcb Hcj Bhmax Magnetic Example components (Gs) (Oe) (Oe) (MGOe) permeability Amphoteric Mixture of anisotropic 2201 956 1335 0.562 3.0247 magnet in ferrite magnetic Example 1 powder + iron ore concentrate powder Amphoteric Mixture of anisotropic 2422 1391 1765 1.019 2.9201 magnet in ferrite magnetic Example 2 powder + FeSiAl powder Comparison Antirust iron No No No No 7.2053 Example 1 rubber Comparison FeSiAl soft No No No No 13.739 Example 2 magnetic rubber Comparison Anisotropic 2618 2064 2689 1.624 1 Example 3 magnetic rubber Comparison Anisotropic magnetic 2273 1147 1295 0.853 2.9485 Example 4 rubber + iron ore concentrate rubber sheet (laminated)

[0116] Secondly, it can be known from Table 25 that: the range of a magnetically attracted object is expanded to include the amphoteric magnet of the present invention in addition to the original permanent magnet and soft magnet; the range of a magnetically attractive object is expanded to include an amphoteric magnet in addition to a permanent magnet; the amphoteric magnetic has an additional self-attraction function in comparison with the soft magnet; compared with the self-attraction effect of the permanent magnet, the self-attraction effect of the amphoteric magnet and the mutual attraction effect of the amphoteric magnet with the permanent magnet are increased in the minimum value, so that the weak attraction and easy falling-off of the permanent magnet in self-attraction at the minimum value of the magnetic attraction force is avoided; since the fluctuation of the attraction force is relatively small, the movement and rotation on the force accepting surface are smoother; and, the single-layer amphoteric magnet achieves the effect exerted by a double-layer magnetic structure having a soft magnet in its bottom layer and a permanent magnet on its bonded surface layer, so that the movement or rotation in self-attraction is smoother.

TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Comparison of the attraction force between various magnets in the examples and the comparison examples Double-layer magnet (bottom soft magnet and surface Soft magnet Permanent magnet Amphoteric magnet permanent magnet) Soft self-attraction mutual attraction mutual attraction mutual attraction magnet not available available, with uniform available, with uniform available, with uniform attraction force attraction force attraction force Permanent mutual Self-attraction mutual attraction mutual attraction magnet attraction available, but the available, the minimum available, the effect available, with minimum value being value being increased, being comparable to uniform low, falling- off at a low no falling-off at a low that of the amphoteric attraction force value; the fluctuation of value with insufficient magnet, and the the attraction force attraction force, the fluctuation not large being large fluctuation not exceeding 60% Amphoteric mutual mutual attraction Self-attraction mutual attraction magnet attraction available, the minimum available, the minimum available, the minimum available, with value being increased, value being increased, value being increased, uniform no falling-off at a low the maximum value the maximum value attraction force value with insufficient being not decreased, being not decreased, attraction force, the no falling-off at a low no falling-off at a low fluctuation of the value with insufficient value with insufficient attraction force being attraction force, the attraction force, the small fluctuation being not fluctuation of the larger than that in self- attraction force being attraction of the not large permanent magnets Bottom soft mutual mutual attraction mutual attraction Self-attraction magnet attraction available, the minimum available, the minimum available, the minimum and available, with value being increased, value being increased, value being increased, surface uniform no falling-off at a low no falling-off at a low no falling-off at a low permanent attraction force, value with insufficient value with insufficient value with insufficient magnet but a double- attraction force, the attraction force, the attraction force, the layer structure attraction force being fluctuation of the fluctuation of the being required more uniform, but a attraction force not attraction force not double-layer structure exceeding 68%, but a exceeding 67%. being required double-layer structure being required

[0117] In conclusion, in the technical solutions disclosed by the present invention, an amphoteric magnet is manufactured by mixing two phases without microscopic intergranular exchange coupling interaction. Although the overall magnetic properties are sacrificed to a certain extent, unexpected magnetic expansion effects are achieved: the range of a magnetically attracted object is expanded to include an amphoteric magnet in addition to a permanent magnet and a soft magnet; the range of a magnetically attractive object is expanded to include an amphoteric magnet in addition to a permanent magnet; and, the minimum value of the magnetic attraction force is increased, overcoming the defect with the permanent magnet that the adsorption is not firm since the attraction force is too small at the minimum value in self-attraction. Compared with the self-attraction of the permanent magnets, the fluctuation of the magnetic attraction force of the amphoteric magnets in self-attraction is decreased, the magnetic attraction force is more uniform, and it is smoother to move and rotate an object between the amphoteric magnets. The effect obtained by double-layer matching of the soft magnet and the permanent magnet can be realized by a single-layer structure of the amphoteric magnet, and the appearance of the amphoteric magnet has opened up a new field for magnetic products.