HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Abstract

The hybrid electric vehicle belongs to the field of small aircraft. This vehicle is used to move people on the ground, like a regular motorcycle and to move people through the air like an autogyro. Hybrid electric vehicle can be used by citizens, organizations, government agencies to perform various tasks: personal and official transport, tourism, monitoring, patrolling, ambulance, etc.

The essence of the described vehicle is a change in the basic design of motorcycle, so that it has a mast and an autogyro rotor that can be removed, as well as the use of two ducted propellers with built-in electric motors, and an additional electric motor for the rotating of rear wheel. In this case, ducted propellers (together with the listed systems of parts, called elements of flight providing (EFP)) can be removed, as well as fixed in two positions. First, in such a way that their plane of rotation is perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the rear wheel (flight mode). And in this situation ducted propellers provide a opportunity where the total thrust vector generated by them is located much lower than in case of conventional autogyros and, accordingly, the vehicle's center of mass can also be located lowin the immediate vicinity of the thrust vector line, this opportunity will allow the vehicle to move steadily as in the air and on the ground. Secondly, in such a way that the ducted propellers (and the other parts of the EFP also) are pressed to the side parts of the hybrid avehicle, in a plane parallel to the plane of rotation of the rear wheel (ground mode) (see FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5).

Claims

1. A hybrid electric vehicle designed for the riding on ground as a two-wheeled motorcycle, and for the flight in the air as an autogyro with a mast, rotor, characterized by the fact that it includes folding and fixed in planes perpendicular to the rear wheel two ducted propellers with electric motors on the axes of propellers, however, ducted propellers provide a situation where the total thrust vector generated by them is located much lower than in case of conventional autogyros and, accordingly, the vehicle's center of mass can also be located lowin the immediate vicinity of the thrust vector line, this opportunity will allow the vehicle to move steadily as in the air and on the ground and an electric motor that drives (sets in motion) the rear wheel.

2. Hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor that drives the rear wheel is built into the rear wheel.

3. Hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electricity in it is produced by fuel cells.

4. Hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a control device that includes an upper steering rack with two bearings on its axis and a lower steering rack with two guide pins, both racks are connected by a CV joint, the switch sleeve can move between them and be installed in a position when it covers only the bearings of the upper steering rack, allowing you to tilt the steering wheel and turn it around its axis, or when the switch sleeve covers it also provides a CV joint and lower steering rack, allowing only steering to be performed around its axis, while the control switch sleeve has a vertical slot through which the guide rails pass, with one end connected by horizontal hinges to the outer sides of the upper steering rack bearings, and other ends are connected by horizontal hinges to the rotor control knob, so that the tilts of the steering wheel tilt the rotor control knobs, and the steering wheel turns are transmitted using guide pins, cables, chains and sprocket-wheels of rudders shaft to the rudders, which is a two semicircular folding and fastening covers of ducted propellers.

5. A hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides an opportunity for movement in ground mode to thrust the rotor under the seat in such a way that one end of the rotor is located near the bottom of the front wheel and the other end of the rotor passes over the rear wheel and sticks out behind, at a height sufficient for safe movement.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0043] There are three figures in the description, reflecting the essential features of the invention.

[0044] FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of the hybrid vehicle.

[0045] FIG. 2 shows the mechanism of a horizontal stabilizer of a hybrid vehicle.

[0046] FIG. 3 shows a schematic of EFP of a hybrid vehicle.

[0047] FIG. 4 shows the system of the controlling of hybrid vehicle.

[0048] FIG. 5 shows the controlling of rudder directions.

[0049] For convenience of illustration, the figure shows non-ducted propellers.

DESCRIPTION

[0050] The invention can be materialized by applying the hybrid vehicle layout described above as well as the using of EFP.

[0051] The power plant of a hybrid (convertible) vehicle can be materialized as follows. The power plant device contains (see FIG. 2 in the figure, the ducts around the propellers are not shown):

[0052] (1) Metal (or metal, carbon-reinforced) side parts of the vehicle frame. They are located on both sides from the rear wheel. Systems of parts, called in this description as elements of flight providing (EFP) are fastened to frame of vehicle by means of a hinged fastener (which can be rigidly fixed).

[0053] (2) Rear wheel with electric motor on the rear wheel axle is attached to the fork.

[0054] (3) Top mount EFP. Allows a rigid fixation of the EFP to the frame of vehicle.

[0055] (4) Ducted propellers made from composite materials are on the axis of electric motors and ducts. The diameter of the duct is selected depending on the weight of the vehicle and, accordingly, the required thrust.

[0056] (5) Metal rack of balancing chassis. It has a cylindrical shape. Attached to it balancing chassis. The rack can be retracted into the sleeve and rigidly fixed both in the retracted and unfolded state with the help of holes in the rack as well as in the sleeve and small steel pins or screws and nuts.

[0057] (6) Metal sleeve for the rack of balancing chassis. It could have the shape of a hollow cylinder with holes for mounting the balancer rack. The rack of balancing chassis can be positioned inside the sleeve when the balancing chassis is removed for the using of the vehicle for the riding. The upper end of the sleeve is attached to the top EFP mount.

[0058] (7) Balancing chassis. They are used for balancing the vehicle in the takeoff, landing modes. They also prevents the ducted propellers from hit the ground. They do not perceive the load of the vehicle, but serve for the balancing of the vehicle in the modes mentioned above.

[0059] (8) Metal sliding mount. It can be a tube of round or rectangular cross section (depending on the cross section of the part of frame of the vehicle contacting with the mount). The tube is dressed on the part of frame of the vehicle and can move along it and be fixed in two positions on the part of the frame (in the position when the EFP is folded along the side of the vehicle for the riding mode and in the position when the ducted propellers are installed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the rear wheelthe flight mode). Fixation can be done by installing a small pin in the holes on the sliding mount and the frame of the vehicle. Sliding can also be implemented in another way, for example, in the form of a simple cylinder moving in the slot of the frame or another horizontal part of the motorcycle.

[0060] (9) The metal bar can have any profile, but strong enough. it serves to fix the EFP in two positions: in flight position, when the ducted propellers are located in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the rear wheel and in the ground position, when EFP and ducted propellers are arranged along the body of the vehicle. The frame bar is connected at one end with a sliding mount, the other end is connected with a hinged mount on the sleeve.

[0061] (10) A metal hinge mount on the metal sleeve connects the metal bar and the metal sleeve.

[0062] When the using of the vehicle in the ground mode is necessary, the electric current from the fuel elements (8) is supplied to the engine (2) located on the rear wheel axis, causing the rear wheel (3) to rotate and the vehicle to move forward, respectively (see FIG. 1). At this time, the sliding mount (8) is moved along the horizontal part of frame of the vehicle and installed in the most extreme position (as close to the front wheel as possible) and fixed in this position (see FIG. 3). in this case, the EFP and the ducted propellers took up position along the sides of the vehicle. The racks of the balancing chassis (5) are put into the sleeves (6) and fixed. The power plant of the vehicle is ready for the riding. The rear wheel (2) ensures a steady movement of the vehicle in the riding mode when the center of mass has been lowered significally (the lowering is achieved by the reducing of diameter of ducted propellers)

[0063] When it is necessary to use the vehicle n the gyroplane mode, the current enters to the electric motors located in the centers of the ducted propellers (4), causing the propellers to rotate. Sliding mount (8) is moved along the horizontal part of frame of the vehicle and installed in the most extreme position (as close to the rear wheel as possible) and fixed in this position. In this case, the EFP and the ducted propellers took up the position perpendicular to the rear wheel. Rack of balancing chassis (5) extended from the sleeves (6) and fixed. The power plant of vehicle is ready for flight. Since the propellers (4) rotate in opposite directions, this makes it possible to compensate the reactive moments connected with a sharp increase; decrease in engine speed. It means that the vehicle in these situations does not turn in the air in the directions transverse to the forward movement. The low location of the thrust vectors of the ducted propellers (due to the reduced diameter of each of the two ducted propellers, as compared with the situation when only one large propeller is in vehicle) are used to ensure the longitudinal stability of the vehicle when during the flights (the vehicle will not swing up and down relative to its center of mass).

[0064] The control device of the hybrid electric vehicle can be materialized as follows. The device contains (see FIGS. 4 and 5):

[0065] (1) Metal V-shaped steering wheel, which is attached to the upper end of the upper control rack.

[0066] (2) The metal sleeve of the control switch has the shape of a cylindrical tube. A hole is drilled in the tube to fix the tube with a pin to the lower control rack. There is a vertical slot in the tube through which the horizontal hinges of the guide rails must pass.

[0067] (3) The metal bearings of the control switch are fixed to the axis of the upper control rack. The diameter of the bearings is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the sleeve of the control switch and the sleeve of the control switch can move along the axis of the upper control rack. The guide rails are attached to the outer surface of the bearings using horizontal hinges.

[0068] (4) The metal guide rails are in the form of thin, elongated cylinders. They are attached by one ends with the help of horizontal hinges to the outer sides of bearings mounted on the axis of the upper steering rack, and with the other ends by means of horizontal hinges to the rotor control knob.

[0069] (5) The metal upper steering rack has a cylindrical shape. The steering wheel is attached to the upper end of this rack, the lower end is connected to the CV joint. Two control switch bearings are located on the axis of the upper steering rack. The upper steering rack has a hole above the junction with the CV joint to install the stud (the stud is not in the diagram) the top position of the control switch sleeve.

[0070] (6) The metal rotor control knob has a cylindrical shape, attached by its lower part to the rotor control rails. Rails are attached to the side of the rotor control knob by means of horizontal hinges.

[0071] (7) The CV joint of the lower steering rack connects the upper and lower steering racks, which are attached to it with the ends. The diameter of the CV joint is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the control switch sleeve.

[0072] (8) The metal lower steering rack has a cylindrical shape. Its lower end is connected to the front wheel fork, and rudder guides are attached on the side surfaces at the lower end. The diameter of the lower steering rack slightly less than the internal diameter of the sleeve control switch and when the sleeve moves on the steering rack, it is quite tight to her. The upper end of the lower steering rack connected to the CV joint.

[0073] (9) The metal rotor control rails have a cylindrical shape, connected by hinges with the rotor control knob. At the same time, the lower rail is connected by a hinge to the frame part. Thus, the control rails can move relative to each other in longitudinal and transverse planes.

[0074] (10) The metal frame part has a cylindrical shape, is part of the frame design of the vehicle. A steel tube with a mounted steering bearing is attached to its front end.

[0075] (11) The metal steering bearing is mounted in a steel tube that ends the frame part. The bearing is attached to lower steering rack, which can freely rotate around its axis.

[0076] (12) The metal fork of the front wheel is connected to the end of the lower steering rack, which transmits rotation to it. The lower parts of the fork connected to the axis of the front wheel, which passes through the front wheel bearing.

[0077] (13) The front wheel of the vehicle can be performed as a light wheel of a motorcycle or moped. In the case when, the front wheel also acts as a rudder in the air, wheel rim is connected to the bearing using a solid (or semi-solid) plate of lightweight material instead of the spokes.

[0078] (14) The rudder guides are steel pins, with one of their ends attached to the sides of the lower steering rack.The steel pins are fixed with the rudder cables at the opposite ends.

[0079] (15) Rudder cables are attached at one end to the ends of rudder fins, and other ends are connected to rudder guides (not shown in the diagram).

[0080] (16) The metal pins of the axle control are mounted on the axle, connected to the rudder fin guides with rudder cables.

[0081] (17) The metal axis is a shaft of thin section, where the axis control pins, right-hand sprocket-wheel sprocket and left-hand sprocket-wheel fixed.

[0082] (18) The metal sprocket-wheels of the right and left rudders are fixed on the axis, the chains connect them, respectively, with the left and right sprocket-wheels of the shafts of the rudders.

[0083] (19) Metallic chains of sprocket-wheels connect the corresponding sprocket-wheels of the axis and the sprocket-wheels of the shafts of the rudders.

[0084] (20) Metal sprocket-wheels of the left and right shafts of the rudders are fixed respectively on the axes of the left and right shafts of the rudders, connected with chains, respectively, with the sprocket-wheels on the axis so that the rotation of the axis causes the rotation of the sprocket-wheel of the rudder shaft .

[0085] (21) Metal left and right rudder shafts penetrate vertically along the diameter of the rear parts of the rings of the looped-up propellers and are fixed in the rings with bearings, or they can be mounted with the help of bearings on the hinges attached to the rear parts of the rings of the looped-like propellers.The sprocket-wheels of the shafts of the rudders are mounted on the axis of the shafts of the rudders, over the ducts of the ducted propellers. Ducted propeller covers are attached to the outer surface of the rudder shafts so that one of the covers can freely rotate on the shaft and the other is rigidly connected to it.

[0086] (22) Ducted propeller covers are made of composite materials. They geometrically represent the halves of a circle. Ducted propeller covers are attached by the straight sides to the shafts of the rudders. One of the covers is rigidly attached, another can freely rotate around the shaft. The covers can be connected together using magnets located on rounded surfaces, or using other fasteners. The covers of each of the ducted propellers joined together are right or left rudders.

[0087] When it is necessary to use the vehicle in ground mode, the control switch sleeve (2) is set to the lower positionit embraces the lower steering rack (8). The lower bearing of the control switch (3) is pressed against the inner top of the sleeve of the control switch (2), the other end of the sleeve is attached through the hole to the lower steering rack (8). Now the torque from the steering wheel (1) is transmitted through the upper steering rack (5) , CV Joint (7), lower steering rack (8), front wheel fork (12) on the front wheel (13), causing it to turn in the necessary direction. When the control switch sleeve (2) is in the lower position, it does not allow tilting of the steering wheel (1), as it tightly covers the lower bearing of the control switch (3) and the lower steering rack (8). As soon as the control switch sleeve (2) is moved to the upper position and installed over the stud placed in the lower edge of the upper steering rack (5), the steering tilt (1) becomes possible, because the control switch sleeve (2) does not simultaneously fix the bearing position control switch (3) and lower steering rack (8), and covers only two bearings. The steering slopes (1) are transmitted through the guide rails (4) to the rotor control handle (6), and through it to the rotor control rods (9). At the same time, steering wheel turns (1) around the axis are also possible, which, firstly, carry out the front wheel turns (13), which can act as a rudder, and secondly, the steering wheel turns (1)cause the tail feathers to move (14), which by means of rudder guides (15) cause the movements of the axle control pins (16) and, accordingly, the rotation of the axis (17). The rotation of the axis (17) is transmitted to the sprocket-wheels of the right and left rudders of the direction (18) located on it, and from them the rotation is transmitted via the chain (19) to the sprocket-wheels of the left and right shafts of the rudders of the direction (20) and, respectively, to the shafts of the rudders (21), which are folded covers of the ducted propellers (22).

[0088] Thus, the invention Hybrid electric vehicle allows you to create the vehicle that can move on the ground like a normal motorcycle, allows storage in ordinary garages and parking lots, if necessary, can take off and fly over considerable distances.