Cutting apparatus

Abstract

A cutting apparatus suitable for creating tunnels and subterranean roadways includes independently pivoting supports that each carry a respective independently pivoting arm and a rotatable cutting head. Each cutting head, via the supports and arms, is configured to slew laterally outward in a sideways direction and to pivot in a vertical upward and downward direction. The supports and arms are mounted on a linear moving sled carried by a main frame.

Claims

1. A cutting apparatus suitable for creating tunnels or subterranean roadways and the like comprising: a main frame having generally upward, downward and side facing regions; a first and second support pivotally mounted relative to the main frame via respective first and second support axes aligned generally upright relative to the upward and downward facing regions such that each first and second support is configured to pivot laterally in a sideways direction relative to the side facing regions; at least one first and second support actuator to respectively actuate independent movement of each of the first and second supports relative to the main frame; a first and second arm each pivotally mounted to a respective first and second support via a respective arm pivot axis aligned in a direction extending transverse and perpendicular to each support pivot axis to enable the first and second arms to pivot independently of one another and to pivot relative to each of the respective first and second supports in an upward and downward direction relative to the upward and downward facing regions; at least one first and second arm actuator arranged to actuate independent pivoting movement of the first and second arms relative to each of the respective first and second supports; a rotatable cutting head mounted at each of the first and second arms, each cutting head being rotatable about a head axis orientated to extend substantially transverse to each respective arm pivot axis, wherein each cutting head includes an annular cutting edge or layered cutting edges arranged to provide an undercutting mode of operation; a plurality of roller cutters independently rotatably mounted at each rotatable cutting head; and a powered sled movably mounted at the main frame configured to slide in a forward cutting direction of the apparatus relative to the main frame.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of roller cutters are generally annular roller cutters each having a generally annular cutting edge or layered cutting edges arranged to provide an undercutting mode of operation.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first and second arm actuators includes a planetary gear assembly mounted at a junction at which each arm pivots relative to each support.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second arm actuators includes at least one first drive motor to drive the pivoting movement of the first and/or second arm relative to the respective first and second support.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, further comprising at least one second drive motor to drive rotation of the cutting head at the first and/or the second arm.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second support actuators include a hydraulic linear actuator.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each first and second cutting head is mounted at the sled via the respective first and second arms and supports so as to advance in the forward cutting direction.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first and second arms is configured to pivot in the upward and downward direction by up to 180 and each of the first and second supports is configured to pivot in the lateral sideways direction by up to 90.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising tracks or wheels mounted at the main frame to allow the apparatus to move in a forward and rearward direction.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising floor and roof engaging members mounted at the main frame, at least the floor engaging members being extendable and retractable to respectively raise and lower the apparatus in the upward and downward direction.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a first material discharge conveyor arranged to convey cut material rearwardly from the first and second cutting heads and a gathering head arranged to direct cut material onto the conveyor, the gathering head being positioned rearwardly behind at least one of the first and second cutting heads.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a control unit removably connected to the apparatus, the control unit including operational components arranged to power at least the first and second support and arm actuators and a second conveyor arranged to receive material from the first conveyor and to discharge the material at a position rearward of the apparatus and the control unit.

13. A cutting apparatus suitable for creating tunnels or subterranean roadways and the like comprising: a main frame having generally upward, downward and side facing regions; a powered sled movably mounted at the main frame and configured to slide in a forward cutting direction of the apparatus relative to the main frame; a first and second arm each pivotally mounted to the sled by respective pivot arm axes aligned in a direction extending transverse and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the main frame to allow each arm to pivot independently of one another in an upward and downward direction relative to the upward and downward facing region of the main frame; at least one first and second arm actuator arranged to actuate independent pivoting movement of the first and second arms relative to one another and the main frame; a rotatable cutting head mounted at each of the first and second arms and configured to be moved in the upward and downward direction and advanced in the forward cutting direction, each cutting head being rotatable about a head axis orientated to extend substantially transverse to respective pivot arm axes, wherein each cutting head includes an annular cutting edge or layered cutting edges arranged to provide an undercutting mode of operation; and a plurality of roller cutters independently rotatably mounted at each rotatable cutting head.

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein each first and second arm together with the respective pivot arm axes is respectively mounted to the sled via a first and second support that is slidably mounted relative to the sled via a common or respective slidable arrangement such that each first and second support is configured to slide laterally in a sideways direction relative to the side facing regions.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein each of the first and second arm actuators include a planetary gear assembly mounted at a junction at which each arm pivots relative to each support.

16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein each rotatable cutting head includes a generally annular roller cutter having a substantially annular cutting edge or layered cutting edges to provide an undercutting mode of operation.

17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the plurality of roller cutters are annular roller cutters each having a substantially annular cutting edge or layered cutting edges to provide an undercutting mode of operation.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) A specific implementation of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a mobile cutting apparatus suitable for creating tunnels or subterranean roadways having a forward mounted cutting unit and a rearward control unit according to a specific implementation of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the cutting apparatus of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the apparatus of FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4 is a magnified front perspective view of the cutting unit of the apparatus of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 is a plan view of the cutting apparatus of FIG. 4;

(7) FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of the cutting apparatus of FIG. 5;

(8) FIG. 7 is a front end view of the cutting apparatus of FIG. 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

(9) Referring to FIG. 1, cutting apparatus 100 comprises a main frame 102 mounting a plurality of cutting components configured to cut into a rock or mineral face to create tunnels or subterranean roadways. Apparatus 100 is configured specifically for operation in an undercutting mode in which a plurality of rotatable roller cutters 127 may be forced into the rock to create a groove or channel and then to be pivoted vertically upward so as to overcome the reduced tensile force immediately above the groove or channel and break the rock. Accordingly, the present cutting apparatus is optimised for forward advancement into the rock or mineral utilising less force and energy typically required for conventional compression type cutters that utilise cutting bits or picks mounted at rotatable heads. However, the present apparatus may be configured with different types of cutting head to those described herein including in particular pick or bit type cutting heads in which each pick is angularly orientated at the cutting head to provide a predetermined cutting attack angle.

(10) Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, main frame 102 comprises lateral sides 302 to be orientated towards the wall of the tunnel; an upward facing region 300 to be orientated towards a roof of the tunnel; a downward facing region 301 orientated to be facing the floor of the tunnel; a forward facing end 303 intended to be positioned facing the cutting face and a rearward facing end 304 intended to be positioned facing away from the cutting face.

(11) An undercarriage 109 is mounted generally below main frame 102 and in turn mounts a pair of crawler tracks 103 driven by a hydraulic (or electric) motor to provide forward and rearward movement of apparatus 100 over the ground when in a non-cutting mode. A pair of rear ground engaging jacking legs 106 are mounted at frame sides 302 towards rearward end 304 and are configured to extend and retract linearly relative to frame 102. Frame 102 further comprises a forward pair of jacking legs 115 also mounted at each frame side 302 and towards forward end 303 and being configured to extend and retract to engage the floor tunnel. By actuation of legs 106, 115, main frame 102 and in particular tracks 103 may be raised and lowered in the upward and downward direction so as to suspend tracks 103 off the ground to position apparatus 100 in a cutting mode. A pair of roof engaging grippers 105 project upwardly from main frame 102 at frame rearward end 304 and are extendable and retractable linearly in the upward and downward direction via control cylinders 116. Grippers 105 are therefore configured to be raised into contact with the tunnel roof and in extendable combination with jacking legs 106, 115 are configured to wedge apparatus 100 in a stationary position between the tunnel floor and roof when in the cutting mode.

(12) A sled 104 is slidably mounted on top of main frame 102 via a slide mechanism 203. Sled 104 is coupled to a linear hydraulic cylinder 201 such that by reciprocating extension and retraction of cylinder 201, sled 104 is configured slide linearly between frame forward and rearward ends 303, 304.

(13) A pair of hydraulically actuated bolting units 107 are mounted at main frame 102 between sled 104 and roof gripping unit 105, 116 relative to a lengthwise direction of the apparatus. Bolting units 107 are configured to secure a mesh structure (not shown) to the roof of the tunnel as apparatus 100 is advanced in a forward cutting direction. Apparatus 100 also comprises a mesh support structure (not shown) mounted generally above sled 104 so as to positionally support the mesh directly below the roof prior to bolting into position.

(14) A pair of supports 120 are pivotally mounted at and project forwardly from sled 104 immediately above frame forward end 303. Supports 120 are generally spaced apart in a lateral widthwise direction of the apparatus 100 and are configured to independently pivot laterally outward from one another relative to sled 104 and main frame 102. Each support 120 comprises a forward end 503 and a rearward end 504 referring to FIG. 5. A first mount flange 118 is provided at support rearward end 504 being generally rearward facing. A corresponding second mount flange 119 projects laterally outward from a side of sled 104 immediately behind the first flange 118. A pair of linear hydraulic cylinders 117 are mounted to extend between flanges 118, 119 such that by linear extension and retraction, each support 120 is configured to pivot in the generally horizontal plane and in the lateral sideways direction relative to frame sides 302. Referring to figured 4, each support 120 is mounted at sled 104 via a pivot rod 404 extending generally vertically (when apparatus 100 is positioned on horizontal ground) through sled 104 and being suspended generally above the main frame forward end 303. Each support 120 is therefore configured to pivot or slew about pivot axis 400. Referring to FIG. 5, each support 120 is further coupled to a respective inner hydraulic cylinder 500 mounted at an inner region of sled 104 to cooperate with side mounted cylinders 117 to laterally slew each support 120 about pivot axis 400.

(15) Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, as the respective pivot axes 400 are space apart in the widthwise direction of apparatus 100, supports 120 are capable of being slewed inwardly to a maximum inward position 501 and to be slewed laterally outward to a maximum outward position 502. According to the specific implementation, an angle between the inner and outer slewing positions 501, 502 is 20.

(16) Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, an arm 121 is pivotally mounted generally at the forward end 503 of each support 120. Each arm 121 comprises a cutting head 128 rotatably mounted at a distal end. Each cutting head 128 comprises a disk like (generally cylindrical) configuration. The plurality of generally annular or disc shaped roller cutters 127 are mounted at the circumferential perimeter of each head 128 and comprise a sharp annular cutting edge configured specifically for undercutting the rock. Cutters 127 are rotatably mounted independently relative to one another and head 128 and are generally free to rotate about their own axis. Each roller cutter 127 projects axially beyond a forwardmost annular edge of head 128 such that when arms 121 are orientated to be extending generally downward, roller cutters 127 represent a lowermost part of the entire head 128 and arm 121 assembly. Each arm 121 may be considered to comprise a length such that arm 121 is mounted at each respective support 120 at or towards a proximal arm end and to mount each head 128 at a distal arm end. In particular, each arm 121 comprises an internally mounted planetary gear indicated generally be reference 122. Each gear 122 is preferably a Wolfrom type and is coupled to a drive motor 130 via a drive train indicated generally by reference 123. A pair of drive motors 125 are mounted at the lateral sides of each arm 121 and are orientated to be approximately parallel with the rotational axis of each respective cutting head 128 as shown in FIG. 7. Each arm 121 further comprise an internal drive and gear assembly 124 coupled to a gear box 126 mounted at one end of each of the drive motors 125. Each cutting head 128 is driveably coupled to the drive motors 125 via the respective gear assembly 124 to provide rotation of cutting head 128 about axis 402.

(17) According to the specific implementation, and as shown in FIG. 7, each arm 121 is coupled to a respective motor 130 mounted at a forward end of sled 104. Each planetary gear 122 is centred on a pivot rod 405 having a pivot axis 401 referring to FIG. 4. Each axis 401 is aligned to be generally horizontal when apparatus 100 is positioned on horizontal ground. Accordingly, each arm 121 is configured to pivot (relative to each support 120, sled 104 and main frame 102) in the upward and downward direction (vertical plane) by actuation of each motor 130. As such, each cutting head 128 and in particular the roller cutters 127 may be raised and lowered along the arcuate path 602 referring to FIG. 6. In particular, each arm 121, head 128 and roller cutters 127 may be pivoted between a lowermost position 601 and an uppermost raised position 600 with an angle between positions 600, 601 being approximately 150. When in the lowermost position 601, each roller cutter 127 and in particular head 128 is suspended in a declined orientation such that a forwardmost roller cutter 127 is positioned lower than a rearwardmost roller cutter 127. According to the specific implementation, this angle of declination is 10. This is advantageous to engage the cutters 127 into the rock face at the desired attack angle to create the initial groove or channel during a first stage of the undercutting operation. Additionally, the extensive range of movement of the cutting heads 128 over the rock face is possible due, in part, to axis 401 being separated and positioned forward relative to axis 400 by a distance corresponding to a length of each support 120.

(18) Referring to FIG. 4, each support pivot axis 400 is aligned generally perpendicular to each arm pivot axis 401. Additionally, a rotational axis 402 of each cutting head 128 is orientated generally perpendicular to each arm pivot axis 401. A corresponding rotational axis 403 of each roller cutter 127 is angularly disposed relative to cutting head axis 402 so as to taper outwardly in the downward direction. In particular, each roller cutter axis 403 is orientated to be aligned closer to the orientation of each cutting head rotational axis 402 and support pivot axis 400 relative to the generally perpendicular arm rotational axis 401.

(19) Accordingly, each support 120 is configured to slew laterally outward in a horizontal plane about each support axis 400 between the extreme inner and positions 501, 502. Additionally and referring to FIG. 6, each respective arm 121 is configured to pivot in the upward and downward direction about arm pivot axis 401 to raise and lower the roller cutters 127 between the extreme positions 600, 601.

(20) A gathering head 129 is mounted at main frame forward end 303 immediately rearward behind each cutting head 128. Gathering head 129 comprises a conventional shape and configuration having side loading aprons and a generally inclined upward facing material contact face to receive and guide cut material rearwardly from the cutting face (and cutting heads 128). Apparatus 100 further comprises a first conveyor 202 extending lengthwise from gathering head 129 to project rearwardly from frame rearward end 304. Accordingly, material cut from the face is gathered by head 129 and transported rearwardly along apparatus 100.

(21) Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a detachable control unit 101 is mounted to the frame rearward end 403 via a pivot coupling 200. Control unit 101 includes a personnel cabin 110 (to be occupied by an operator). Unit 101 also includes an electric and hydraulic power pack 114 to control the various hydraulic and electrical components of apparatus 100 associated with the pivoting movement of supports 120 and arms 121 in addition to the sliding movement of sled 104 and the rotational drive of cutting heads 128.

(22) Control unit 101 further comprises a second conveyor 112 extending generally lengthwise along the unit 101 and coupled at its forwardmost end to the rearwardmost end of first conveyor 202. Unit 101 further comprises a discharge conveyor 113 projecting rearwardly from the rearward end of second conveyor 112 at an upward declined angle. Accordingly, cut material is capable of being transported rearwardly from cutting heads 128 along conveyors 202, 112 and 113 to be received by a truck or other transportation vehicle.

(23) In use, apparatus 100 is wedged between the tunnel floor and roof via jacking legs 106, 115 and roof grippers 105. Sled 104 may then be displaced in a forward direction relative to main frame 102 to engage roller cutters 127 onto the rock face. Cutting heads 128 are rotated via motors 125 that create the initial groove or channel in the rock face at a lowermost position. A first arm 121 is then pivoted about axis 401 via motor 130 to raise roller cutters 127 along path 602 to achieve the second stage undercutting operation. The first support 120 may then be slewed in the lateral sideways direction via pivoting about axis 400 and combined with the raising and lowering rotation of roller cutters 127 creates a depression or pocket within the rock immediately forward of the first arm 121 and support 120. The second arm 121 and associated head 128 and cutters 127 are then actuated according to the operation of the first arm 121 involving pivoting in both the vertical and horizontal planes. This sequential dual pivoting movement of the second arm 121 is independent of the initial dual pivoting movement of the first arm 121. A phasing and sequencing of the pivoting of arms 121 about axes 401 and supports 120 about axes 400 is controlled via control unit 101.

(24) When the maximum forward travel of sled 104 is achieved, jacking legs 106, 115 are retracted to engage tracks 103 onto the ground. Tracks 103 are orientated to be generally declined (at an angle of approximately 10 relative to the floor) such that when ground contact is made, the roller cutters 127 are raised vertically so as to clear the tunnel floor. The apparatus 100 may then be advanced forward via tracks 103. Jacking legs 106, 115 may then be actuated again to raise tracks 103 off the grounds and grippers 105 moved into contact with the tunnel roof to repeat the cutting cycle. A forwardmost roof gripper 108 is mounted above sled 104 to stabilise the apparatus 100 when sled 104 is advanced in the forward direction via linear actuating cylinder 201.