Lead-free initiating agents or initiating agent mixtures

Abstract

Subject matter of the invention are lead-free initiating agents or initiating agent mixtures and initiating and igniting compositions which contain the lead-free initiating agents or initiating agent mixtures.

Claims

1. A lead-free initiator or lead-free initiator mixture, wherein the initiator or initiator mixture comprises one or more transition metal complexes of the following formula [central metal(azido).sub.1-3(high-energy ligand).sub.0.5-3].

2. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, which comprises a transition metal complex of the formula [central metal(azido).sub.1-3(high-energy ligand).sub.0.5-3].

3. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, which comprises a transition metal complex of the formula [central metal(azido).sub.1-3(high-energy ligand).sub.0.5-3].

4. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is selected from the 3d and 4d transition metals.

5. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is manganese.

6. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is iron.

7. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is nickel.

8. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is copper.

9. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is zinc.

10. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the central metal is silver.

11. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the high-energy ligand is selected from 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine, 4-amino-3-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-hydrazino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-2-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-tri-azole, 4,4′-bis-1,2,4-triazole, 4,4′-azobis(1,2,4-triazole), 1,1′-carbonyl-bis-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyltetrazole, 2-methyltetrazole, 1-methyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazole, 1,5-diaminotetrazole, 1-methyl-5-nitrotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-nitrotetra-zole, 5-cyano-1-methyltetrazole, 5-cyano-2-methyltetrazole, 5-chloro-1-methyltetrazole, 5-chloro-2-methyltetrazole, 1-methyl-5-(1-methylhydrazinyl)tetrazole, 1,2-bis[5-(1-methylhydrazinyl)-tetrazol-1-yl]ethane, 1,2-bis[5-(1-methylhydrazinyl)tetrazol-1-yl]propane, 1,4-bis[5-(1-methylhydrazinyl)tetrazol-1-yl]butane, 5,5′-bis-(1-methyltetrazole), 5,5′-bis(2-methyltetrazole), 1,2-di(tetrazol-1-yl)ethane, 1,2-di(tetrazol-1-yl)propane, 1,4-di(tetrazol-1-yl)butane, tris(2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl)amine, 1,1′-bis(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)methane, 1,2-bis(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)ethane, 1,2-bis(5-amino-tetrazol-1-yl)ethane, 1,3-bis(5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)-propane, 1,4-bis (5-aminotetrazol-1-yl)butane, 2-methyl-5-(tetrazol-1-yl)tetrazole, 1-(5-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)tetrazole, 5,5′-diamino-1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-bis(1,2,4-triazole), 1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-bis-1,2,4-triazole, 1,1′-bis(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)amine, 1-methyl-1,1′-bis(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)amine, 1,1′-di-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methane or 1,1′-di(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methanimine.

12. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 1, wherein the high-energy ligand is selected from 3-amino-1-nitroguanidine, 4-amino-3-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-hydrazino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 4,4′-bis-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyltetrazole, 2-methyltetrazole, 1-methyl-5-amino-tetrazole, 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazole, 2-methyl-5-nitrotetrazole, 5-cyano-2-methyltetrazole, 1-methyl-5-(1-methylhydrazinyl)tetrazole, 1,2-bis[5-(1-methyl-hydrazinyl)tetrazol-1-yl]ethane, 5,5′-bis(2-methyl-tetrazole), 1,2-di(tetrazol-1-yl)ethane, 1,2-di-(tetrazol-1-yl)propane, 1,4-di(tetrazol-1-yl)butane, tris(2-(tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl)amine, 2-methyl-5-(tetra-zol-1-yl)tetrazole, 1,1′-dimethyl-3,3′-bis-1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-1,1′-bis(2-methyltetrazol-5-yl)amine or 1,1′-di(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methanimine.

13. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 12, wherein the central metal is manganese.

14. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 12, wherein the central metal is iron.

15. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 12, wherein the central metal is nickel.

16. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 12, wherein the central metal is copper.

17. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 12, wherein the central metal is zinc.

18. The initiator or initiator mixture of claim 12, wherein the central metal is silver.

19. An initiating composition, wherein the composition comprises the lead-free initiator or lead-free initiator mixture of claim 1.

20. An igniting composition, wherein the composition comprises the lead-free initiator or lead-free initiator mixture of claim 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Example

(1) Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate and 1,2-di(tetrazol-1-yl)ethane are dissolved in a mixture of water and ethanol at 75° C. with stirring. Sodium azide is dissolved in a mixture of water and ethanol and slowly added dropwise to the reaction solution having a temperature of 75° C. while stirring. After addition is complete, the total solution is cooled and the solid obtained is filtered off with suction and washed with water and ethanol. The resulting poly{tetraazidodi(tetrazol-1-yl)ethanedicopper(II)} product is dried under vacuum.

(2) Poly{tetraazidodi(tetrazol-1-yl)ethanedicopper(II)} decomposes at 195° C. and has a friction sensitivity of 0.1 N (BAM method) and an impact sensitivity of 2.0 J (BAM method). 20 mg of poly{tetraazidodi(tetrazol-1-yl)ethanedicopper(II)} are able to initiate nitropenta reliably.