AGENT FOR MIXING INTO A SERVICE FLUID FOR A TECHNICAL LAYOUT, CONCENTRATE FOR MIXING INTO A SERVICE FLUID FOR A TECHNICAL LAYOUT, AND THE SERVICE FLUID

Abstract

The invention concerns an agent for mixing into a service fluid for a technical layout, a concentrate for mixing into a service fluid for a technical layout, and a service fluid. An agent according to the invention contains at least one ingredient A chosen from the group of three-layer silicates, at least one ingredient B chosen from the group consisting of bentonites, pyrogenic silicic acids, and talc, and graphite.

Thanks to an agent according to the invention, a concentrate according to the invention, and a service fluid according to the invention, the detachment of the lubricating film on the surfaces of working components of a technical layout that are moving relative to each other is prevented in a reliable manner. This is accomplished in particular by a smoothing of the surfaces, accompanied by a reduction of the frictional coefficient and the steady-state temperature of the working components. Moreover, it is ensured that the ingredients of the agent according to the invention, the concentrate according to the invention, and the service fluid according to the invention do not agglomerate, so that they can pass through the filters of the technical layout, such as a wind power plant transmission or an internal combustion engine.

Claims

1. An agent for mixing in with a service fluid for a technical layout, containing: at least one ingredient A chosen from the group of the three-layer silicates, at least one ingredient B chosen from the group consisting of bentonites, pyrogenic silicic acids, and talc, and graphite.

2. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that ingredient A is a natural or chemically modified muscovite and/or a natural or chemically modified phlogopite.

3. The agent according to claim 2, characterized in that the chemically modified phlogopite is a phlogopite modified with aminosilane.

4. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the bentonite is chemically modified.

5. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrogenic silicic acid is chemically aftertreated.

6. The agent according to claim 1, characterized by at least one additional ingredient C, chosen from the group consisting of industrial carbon black, organic carbonates, water and dispersant.

7. The agent according to claim 6, characterized in that the organic carbonate is propylene carbonate.

8. The agent according to claim 1, characterized in that ingredients A, B and C have particle sizes less than 25 m, preferably less than 8 m, especially preferably less than 2 m.

9. A concentrate for mixing in with a service fluid for a technical layout, containing a carrier and an agent according to one claim 1.

10. The concentrate according to claim 9, characterized in that the agent is dispersed in the carrier.

11. The concentrate according to claim 9, characterized in that the carrier is an oil.

12. The concentrate according to claim 9, characterized in that the carrier is the service fluid.

13. A service fluid comprising an agent according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0065] FIG. 1 shows with the help of rolling contact wear investigations the reduction in the frictional moments MR (in %) in an experimental technical layout (2-disk test stand) by adding a concentrate according to the invention to the service fluid used in the layout. Compared to this are measurements in the same technical layout with the same service fluid, but without the concentrate according to the invention. The service fluid is a conventional oil, namely [0066] Oil 1: Agip Blasia 150, low viscosity ISO VG 150; [0067] Oil 2: Agip Blasia SX 320, high viscosity ISO VG 320.

[0068] As the concentrate, a carrier was used that was provided with an agent according to the invention per one of sample embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0069] The following measurements were taken: [0070] 1: Oil 1 without additive, [0071] 2: Oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 1, [0072] 3: Oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 2, [0073] 4: Oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 3, [0074] 5: Oil 2 without additive, [0075] 6: Oil 2 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 1, [0076] 7: Oil 2 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 2, [0077] 8: Oil 2 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 4.

[0078] FIG. 2 shows scanning electron microscope photographs of the surfaces of the sample body used in the 2-disk test stand after conducting the rolling contact wear investigations. Test duration: 20 h 20 min.

[0079] The following photographs are shown: [0080] A, C: surface of the sample body after loading, using the untreated conventional oil 1, [0081] B: surface of the sample body after loading, using oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 1.

[0082] FIG. 3 shows the steady-state temperature (in C.) of the sample body after conducting the rolling contact wear tests on the 2-disk test stand with and without adding of a concentrate according to the invention per one of sample embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4 to the untreated oils 1 or 2 (Oil 1: Agip Blasia 150, low viscosity ISO VG 150; Oil 2: Agip Blasia SX 320, high viscosity ISO VG 320).

[0083] The following measurements were taken: [0084] 1: Oil 1 without additive, [0085] 2: Oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 1, [0086] 3: Oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 2, [0087] 4: Oil 1 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 3, [0088] 5: Oil 2 without additive, [0089] 6: Oil 2 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 1, [0090] 7: Oil 2 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 2, [0091] 8: Oil 2 with 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 4.

[0092] FIG. 4 shows the change in the roughness parameters, namely, the average surface roughness R.sub.z and the mean peak to valley height R.sub.a of the surfaces of the sample body after conducting the rolling contact wear tests on the 2-disk test stand.

[0093] The following results were obtained: [0094] Abscissa: running time (in h). [0095] A: Oil 2 without additive, [0096] B: Oil 2 with addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 4.

[0097] FIG. 5 shows scanning electron microscope photographs of the surfaces of the sample body after rolling contact wear investigations on the 2-disk test stand. Test duration: 60 h.

[0098] The following photographs are shown: [0099] A: surface of the sample body after loading, using oil 2, [0100] B: surface of the sample body after loading, using oil 2 with addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate per sample embodiment 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0101] For the following specific sample embodiments, the following ingredients are used:

Ingredient A

[0102] Mica: [0103] MICA SFG70, a natural muscovite with grain size 70, per chemical analysis consisting of: 51.5% SiO.sub.2, 27.0% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10.0% K.sub.2O, 0.4% CaO, 2.9% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 2.8% MgO, 0.4% TiO.sub.2, 0.2% Na.sub.2O, 0.2% P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.03% MnO, 4.57% roasting loss [0104] Trefil 1232, a natural phlogopite coated with an aminosilane, per chemical analysis consisting of: 41% SiO.sub.2, 10% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 26% MgO, 2% CaO, 10% K.sub.2O, 8% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 2% H.sub.2O, 1% F

Ingredient B

[0105] a) Bentonite: Claytone 40, an organobentonite

[0106] b) Pyrogenic silica: [0107] Aerosil 200, a pyrogenic hydrophilic silica, specific surface 200 m.sup.2/g [0108] Aerosil OX50, a pyrogenic hydrophilic silica, specific surface 50 m.sup.2/g

[0109] c) Talc

Ingredient C

[0110] a) Graphite: Carbopower SGN 18, a spherical natural graphite

[0111] b) Industrial carbon black: Special black (carbon black)

[0112] c) Organic carbonate: Propylene carbonate

[0113] d) Water

[0114] e) Dispersant: TEGOPREN 6875, an organomodified siloxane [0115] TEGOMER DA 646, a modified polyether

[0116] For example, the ingredients A, B and C as well as the carrier are used in the concentrates according to the invention in amounts indicated in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sample specifications for the amounts of ingredients A, B, and C and carrier contained in the concentrates according to the invention. Preferred Ingredient Quantity quantity A Trefil 1232 220-500 g 360 g A MICA SFG70 220-500 g 360 g B Bentonite 50-300 g 120 g B Pyrogenic silica 65-290 g 160 g B Talc 220-500 g 500 g C Carbopower 5-80 g 30 g SGN 18 C Special black 1-4 g 2 g (carbon black) C Propylene 15-40 g 25 g carbonate C Water 1.0-2.5 g 1.25 g C TEGOPREN 3-30 wt. %* 10.0 wt. %* 6875 C TEGOMER 3-30 wt. %* 10.0 wt. %* DA 646 Carrier White oil 2000-10,0000 g 5000 g *in terms of the total weight of all solids contained in the concentrate
General Protocol for the Preparation of a Concentrate According to the Invention with Use of an Agent According to the Invention

[0117] In a first step, an agent according to the invention is prepared by wet grinding in an agitator ball mill or bead mill at least one ingredient A with at least one ingredient B and at least graphite as ingredient C, thereby preadjusting the desired particle sizetaking into account the filter pore size of the technical layout in whose service fluid the agent or concentrate according to the invention is supposed to be mixed in. The so obtained agent according to the invention is typically in the form of a paste.

[0118] In a second step, there is added to the agent according to the invention which is present in the agitator ball mill or bead mill a carrier in the form of a white oil previously heated in a dissolver to 50 C. to 70 C. (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec). Alternatively, the white oil can also be heated directly in the agitator ball mill or bead mill to 50 C. to 70 C. In order to prepare a stable dispersion, the agent according to the invention and the white oil are stirred in the agitator ball mill or bead mill at a temperature between 50 C. and 70 C. The so obtained concentrate according to the invention, usually in liquid form, is easy to handle and can be used at once. Because a stable dispersion exists, storage is also possible with no problems. Therefore, the concentrate according to the invention can also be decanted in smaller amounts at a later time, without having to disperse it once again, such as by shaking the drum.

Sample Embodiment 1

[0119] 160 g Aerosil 200, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 20 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 2

[0120] 160 g Aerosil 200, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 3

[0121] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 4

[0122] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 5

[0123] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 160 g Aerosil 200, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 6

[0124] 200 g Aerosil OX50, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 7

[0125] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 200 g Aerosil OX50, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18 and 2 g Special black (carbon black) are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 8

[0126] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 350 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 9

[0127] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 160 g Aerosil 200, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 350 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 10

[0128] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 200 g Aerosil OX50, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 350 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 11

[0129] 160 g Aerosil 200, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) ad 270 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 20 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 12

[0130] 160 g Aerosil 200, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 13

[0131] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 14

[0132] 200 g Aerosil OX50, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 15

[0133] 340 g Aerosil 200, 540 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18 and TEGOPREN 6875 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 1 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 16

[0134] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 350 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 17

[0135] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 160 g Aerosil 200, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 350 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m.

[0136] From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 18

[0137] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 200 g Aerosil OX50, 500 g talc, 360 g MICA SFG70, 5 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 350 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 19

[0138] 160 g Aerosil 200, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 20 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 20

[0139] 160 g Aerosil 200, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 21

[0140] 120 g Claytone 40, 25 g propylene carbonate, 1.25 g water, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 22

[0141] 200 g Aerosil OX50, 360 g Trefil 1232, 360 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18, 2 g Special black (carbon black) and 270 g TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 5-7 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Sample Embodiment 23

[0142] 340 g Aerosil 200, 540 g MICA SFG70, 30 g Carbopower SGN 18 and TEGOMER DA 646 are ground in a bead mill to a particle size of 1 m. From the agent so obtainedas described in the general protocolthe concentrate is prepared with addition of 5000 g of white oil (viscosity=68 mm.sup.2/sec).

Mixing in a Concentrate According to the Invention with a Service Fluid for a Technical Layout

[0143] Thanks to a concentrate according to the invention, the friction between the parts of a technical layout that are moving relative to each other is reduced in reliable manner. The technical layout can be a transmission which is used, for example, in wind power plants, in ships, in motor vehicles or industrial plants. The transmission, which is normally accommodated in a sealed housing, is lubricated with a service fluid. This is, for example, an oil in which the concentrate has been mixed. The agent according to the invention is mixed in with the concentrate, reliably preventing a detachment of the lubricating film on the surfaces of the parts of the technical layout or transmission that are moving relative to each other. This is accomplished in particular by a smoothing of the surfaces, accompanied by a reduction in the coefficient of friction and the steady-state temperature of the transmission parts.

[0144] The concentrate according to the invention is mixed in with the lubricating oil already present in the transmission, the concentration of the concentrate being around 2 g per liter of lubricating oil present.

[0145] For use in lubricating grease, prior to the mixing process the grease is at first heated to 50 C. to 70 C. After this, 3 g of concentrate per 100 g of grease is mixed in.

[0146] In the case of engines, around 6 g of the concentrate according to the invention per liter of cylinder capacity is added to the already present motor oil.

[0147] If the oil level in a technical layout is to be influenced as little as possible, the agent according to the invention can be mixed in with a predefined volume of lubricating oil or motor oil removed from the transmission or engine and the concentrate prepared in this way is supplied to the oil remaining in the transmission or engine.

[0148] The action according to the invention, especially the smoothing of the surface of the rubbing parts, takes place during the normal operation of the transmission or engine.

[0149] For use in a bonded coating, the concentrate is mixed in at 3 wt. % in terms of the weight of the bonded coating base with which the working components of a technical layout that are moving relative to each other are going to be coated afterwards.

Rolling Contact Wear Investigation on the 2Disc Test StandTest Duration: 20 h 20 Min

[0150] By means of a two-disk (2disc) test stand from Optimol-Instruments, Munich, the rolling type of motion was investigated, wherein two disks, 10 mm in width and 45 mm in diameter, were pressed against each other. The concentrates according to the invention per sample embodiments 1 to 3 were added each time at 0.2 wt. % to the conventional oil Agip Blasia 150 (Oil 1). Furthermore, the concentrates according to the invention per sample embodiments 1, 2 and 4 were mixed in each time at 0.2 wt. % with the conventional oil Agip Blasia SX 320 (Oil 2).

[0151] The following parameters were chosen:

Type of motion: rolling with 10% slippage
Sample body configuration: disk/disk (line of contact 7 mm)
Disk: each time dia. 45 mm, width 10 mm, ground, average surface roughness R.sub.z around 1.0 m [0152] Max. pressure: 1496 MPa at 4800 N [0153] Speed: circumferential velocity 5 m/s, 10% slippage, [0154] 2108 1/min left shaft, 1897 1/min right shaft [0155] Test length: 20 h 20 min [0156] Tempering: oil temperature const. 85 C., [0157] Lubrication: circulating lubrication without filter [0158] Humidity: around 25-35% rel. h. [0159] Measured quantities: friction force (online), temperature (online) [0160] Ramp: stagewise load increase by 1000 N every 5 min until reaching test load [0161] Oil 1: Agip Blasia 150 (low viscosity ISO VG 150) [0162] Oil 2: Agip Blasia SX 320 (high viscosity ISO VG 320)

[0163] The friction force and the temperature of the sample body were plotted continuously.

[0164] After a ramp period, a constant temperature of the sample body was measured.

[0165] Regardless of whether the experiment was performed with conventional Oil 1 or with conventional Oil 2, it was possible to show that the frictional moment M.sub.R is substantially reduced by adding one of the aforementioned concentrates according to the inventionas compared to the frictional moment for the particular untreated oil (see FIG. 1).

[0166] The friction force F.sub.R showed a nearly constant variation when using the two conventional oils 1 and 2.

[0167] On the other hand, in the case of Oil 1, especially when adding 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 1, a distinct decrease in the friction force F.sub.R is observed.

[0168] In the case of Oil 2, the adding of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 resulted in the greatest decrease in the friction force F.sub.R.

[0169] The corresponding values are listed in Table 2. The frictional coefficient .sub.max and .sub.min was calculated here as the quotient of the measured friction force F.sub.R and the normal force of 4800 N.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 F.sub.R min .sub.min Concentrate F.sub.R max .sub.max (t = (t = per sample (t = (t = 20 h 20 h Oil embodiment T.sub.sample 0 min) 0 min) 20 min) 20 min) 1 103 C 433N 0.0902 390N 0.0813 1 1 95 C 420N 0.0875 300N 0.0625 2 95 C 325N 0.0677 282N 0.0588 2 4 91 C 327N 0.0681 230N 0.0479 * 0.2 wt. % in terms of the weight of the untreated Oil 1 or 2.

[0170] In the lower viscosity Oil 1, the adding of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 1 shows the most distinct effect. The level of friction here is reduced by around 23% (see FIG. 1, entry 2). The topography measurement by means of white light interferometry shows a distinct smoothing of the surfaces of the loaded sample bodies, as compared to the process with untreated Oil 1.

[0171] Also with the higher viscosity Oil 2, substantial improvements are found when adding a concentrate according to the invention, while the concentrates according to the invention per sample embodiments 1 and 4 product similar effects under the test conditions (10% slippage). The level of friction is lowered by around 18% in all three tested concentrates according to the invention thanks to the smoothing of the surfaces (see FIG. 1, entries 6 and 8).

[0172] With a white light interferometer, the surface topography of the sample bodies was investigated after the rolling contact wear tests on the 2disc test stand. From the measured values, the roughness parameters of the average surface roughness R.sub.z and mean peak to valley height R.sub.a of the surface were calculated. The corresponding values are listed in Table 3. The data show that the roughness of the surface is distinctly reduced by the adding of the concentrate.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Concentrate R.sub.z R.sub.a per sample R.sub.z (t = 20 h R.sub.a (t = 20 h Oil embodiment* (t = 0 min) 20 min) (t = 0 min) 20 min) 1 1.01 m 0.57 m 0.22 m 0.12 m 1 1 1.01 m 0.42 m 0.22 m 0.09 m 2 1.01 m 0.70 m 0.22 m 0.14 m 2 4 1.01 m 0.45 m 0.22 m 0.09 m *0.2 wt. % in terms of the weight of the untreated Oil 1 or 2.

[0173] The surfaces of the sample bodies were furthermore analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy after the rolling contact wear tests on the 2disc test stand. FIG. 2 A/2 C and FIG. 2 B show scanning electron microscope photographs of the loaded surfaces of the sample bodies after the run using the conventional Oil 1 (FIGS. 2 A, 2 C) and after the run using the conventional Oil 1 with addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 1.

[0174] The comparison of FIGS. 2 A and 2 C with FIG. 2 B shows that the surface of the sample body after loading with the use of Oil 1 and addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 1 is much more fine. The striae in the direction of movement are less pronounced. Furthermore, the pits in the material of the sample body are smaller and show no incipient cracks.

[0175] FIG. 3 shows that the steady-state temperature of the loaded sample body takes on lower values when a concentrate according to the invention per one of sample embodiments 1 or 2 is added to the conventional Oil 1. In the case of Oil 2, which has higher viscosity than Oil 1, the adding of a concentrate according to the invention per one of sample embodiments 1, 2 or 4 leads to a lowering of the steady-state temperature of the loaded sample body.

[0176] On the whole, it can be said that the adding of a concentrate according to the invention per one of the aforementioned sample embodiments under rolling conditions leads to a distinct reduction in the friction and thuswith one exception (see FIG. 3, entry 4)also in the steady-state temperature of the sample body, as compared to the use of a conventional oil without such an addition.

Rolling Contact Wear Investigation on the 2Disc Test StandTest Duration: 61 h

[0177] With the higher viscosity Oil 2, a lower friction level is fundamentally present from the outset. This indicates that the hydrodynamic component of the mixed friction is higher here, so that the action of a concentrate according to the invention is no longer so distinctly prominent. Therefore, the conditions for the 60-hour test were sharpened by increasing the slippage as compared to the previously described run (20 h 20 min).

[0178] By means of a two-disk (2disc) test stand from Optimol-Instruments, Munich, the rolling type of motion was investigated, wherein two disks, 10 mm in width and 45 mm in diameter, were pressed against each other. The concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 was added at 0.2 wt. % to the conventional Oil 2.

[0179] The following parameters were chosen: [0180] Type of motion: rolling with 20% slippage [0181] Sample body configuration: disk/disk (line of contact 8 mm) [0182] Disk: each time dia. 45 mm, width 10 mm, ground, average surface roughness R.sub.z around 2.8 m [0183] Max. pressure: 1278 MPa at 4000 N [0184] Speed: circumferential velocity 5 m/s, 20% slippage, 2108 1/min left shaft, 1686 1/min right shaft [0185] Test length: 61 h (320 h 20 min) [0186] Tempering: oil temperature const. 85 C., [0187] Lubrication: circulating lubrication without filter [0188] Humidity: around 25-35% rel. h. [0189] Measured quantities: friction force (online), temperature (online) [0190] Ramp: stagewise load increase by 1000 N every 5 min until reaching test load [0191] Oil 2: Agip Blasia SX 320 (high viscosity ISO VG 320)

[0192] The friction force and the temperature of the sample body were plotted continuously. After a ramp period, a constant temperature of the sample body was measured.

[0193] Without adding a concentrate according to the invention, the friction force F.sub.R at first decreases rapidly from 260 N to 235 N. After the first dismantling, 20 h later, the value at around 210 N is distinctly lower. After this, a continuous decrease down to a final value of 180 N is observed (see Table 4).

[0194] Upon adding 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 to conventional Oil 2, the friction force F.sub.R and thus also the frictional coefficient is substantially reduced as compared to the pure conventional oil (see Table 4). The frictional coefficient .sub.max and .sub.min was determined here as the quotient of the measured friction force F.sub.R and the normal force of 4000 N.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Concentrate F.sub.R max .sub.max F.sub.R min .sub.min per sample (t = (t = (t = (t = Oil embodiment * T.sub.sample 0 min) 0 min) 61 h) 61 h) 2 125 C 260N 0.065 180N 0.045 2 4 100 C 285N 0.071 120N 0.030 * 0.2 wt. % in terms of the weight of the untreated Oil 2.

[0195] If 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 is mixed in with the conventional Oil 2, the friction force F.sub.R diminishes significantly within the first 6 h. The initial value of the friction force F.sub.R is around 285 N. After a loading period of 5 h, the friction force F.sub.R has already dropped to 145 N. After 16 h, a nearly constant friction force F.sub.R of 120 N has been established.

[0196] With a white light interferometer, the surface topography of the sample body was investigated after the rolling contact wear tests on the 2disc test stand. From the measured values, the roughness parameters of the average surface roughness R.sub.z and mean peak to valley height R.sub.a of the surface were calculated. The values were plotted against time (in h) for the run with the conventional Oil 2 and for the run with the conventional Oil 2 with addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 (see FIGS. 4 A and 4 B).

[0197] As compared to the run using the untreated Oil 2 (see FIG. 4 A), in the run using an addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 to the conventional Oil 2 the roughness parameters of the surface of the loaded sample body are distinctly reduced (see FIG. 4 B). The reduction in the R.sub.z value and the R.sub.a value occurs essentially within the first 20 h of the overall 60-hour run. After this, the values only change slightly.

[0198] In the 60-hour run with the higher viscosity Oil 2 and under sharpened loading conditions (20% slippage), the adding of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 shows a more distinct action than for 10% slippage (see above: remarks on the test duration: 20 h 20 min).

[0199] On the whole, the friction level is reduced by around 33%, as compared to the load test using the untreated Oil 2. The steady-state temperature of the sample body decreases from around 125 C. to 100 C., that is, by around 20%. The 60-hour run with the higher viscosity Oil 2 shows that the system is stable after around 16 and has been run in under the given load conditions. There are no signs of an increased wear as compared to the test run with the untreated Oil 2. This is proven by the findings of the scanning electron microscope studies, described further below.

[0200] Concomitant with the substantial reduction in friction, the steady-state temperature of the loaded sample body also decreases when the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 is added to the conventional Oil 2 (see Table 4). After a loading time of 5 h, the steady-state temperature of the sample body decreases significantly. After 16 h, the steady-state temperature is around 100 C. and thus distinctly below around 125 C., the temperature setting in when using the untreated Oil 2.

[0201] Scanning electron microscope photographs of the sample body after 60 h are shown in FIG. 5, where FIG. 5 A shows the surface of the sample body loaded under use of the untreated Oil 2. FIG. 5 B shows the surface of the sample body loaded under use of Oil 2 with addition of 0.2 wt. % of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4.

[0202] The highly precise representation of the surfaces by means of scanning electron microscope shows the positive smoothing effect of the adding of the concentrates according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 (and 1). Unlike the sample bodies that were loaded while using the pure Oil 2 (see FIG. 5 A), the surface is more fine hours later, it shows smaller flaws and no incipient cracks (see FIG. 5 B).

[0203] With changed parameters in the 60-hour test (higher slippage, but somewhat lower pressure), no cracks occur on the surfaces even with the untreated higher viscosity Oil 2. Even so, the surfaces of the sample bodies loaded with use of the Oil 2 and addition of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4 are more fine. This smoothing has a positive influence on the friction behavior and thus on the steady-state temperature of the loaded sample body.

[0204] It is worthy of mention in this context that a varnishing occurs in the unloaded region in the run with the untreated Oil 2 due to the high temperatures of the sample body, whereas this does not occur in the run with Oil 2 and addition of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4.

TV-NEFZ long-term testing of various automotive engines per EURO 5

[0205] The NEFZ Test per RL 70/220/EWG revealed, for new-model vehicles of types VW Golf 1.4 TFSI and Ford Mondeo 2.5 T with gasoline engines per EURO 5, that the emission of the particle mass or the particle numbers is reduced by the adding of 12 g (VW Golf) or 18 g (Ford Mondeo) of the concentrate according to the invention per sample embodiment 4, by 28% and 41% in the vehicle of type VW Golf and by 46% and 80% in the vehicle of type Ford Mondeo, respectively. The gasoline consumption was reduced by up to 2% as compared to the operation of the vehicles with conventional motor oil without the addition of the concentrate according to the invention.

[0206] The invention is not confined to one of the above described embodiments, but rather can be modified in many ways.

[0207] It will be recognized that the invention concerns an agent for mixing into a service fluid for a technical layout, a concentrate for mixing into a service fluid for a technical layout, and a service fluid. An agent according to the invention contains at least one ingredient A chosen from the group of three-layer silicates, at least one ingredient B chosen from the group consisting of bentonites, pyrogenic silica, and talc, and graphite.

[0208] Thanks to an agent according to the invention, a concentrate according to the invention, and a service fluid according to the invention, the detachment of the lubricating film on the surfaces of working components of a technical layout that are moving relative to each other is prevented in a reliable manner. This is accomplished in particular by a smoothing of the surfaces, accompanied by a reduction of the frictional coefficient and the steady-state temperature of the working components. Moreover, it is ensured that the ingredients of the agent according to the invention, the concentrate according to the invention, and the service fluid according to the invention do not agglomerate, so that they can pass through the filters of the technical layout, such as a wind power plant transmission or an internal combustion engine

[0209] All features and benefits emerging from the claims, the specification, and the figures, including design features, spatial arrangements, and method steps, can be essential to the invention, both in themselves and in the most diverse combinations.