Exercise device

Abstract

An exercise device featuring a pair of knee joints, each pivotally and respectively coupled to a pair of calf linkages, each of the pair of calf linkages having a foot pedal at an opposite lower end that supports low impact user-defined natural exercise gait patterns. The knee joints are supported and directed to travel by linkage and/or carriage systems that operate substantially below a user hip area and direct the knee joints in a variety of travel paths, ranging from a constant arc, a linear pathway, to a variety of irregular arc shaped paths to pathways that may change during use. A secondary system coupled to the linkage and/or carriage systems provides lift and dampening forces to influence a responsiveness of the foot pedals via bending and straightening of the calf linkage about the respective knee joint, yet does not restrict back and forth travel of the respective knee joint.

Claims

1. An exercise device comprising: a base frame; first and second calf linkages, the first and second calf linkages each including an upper end and a lower end; first and second foot pedals, the first foot pedal being disposed at the lower end of the first calf linkage, and the second foot pedal being disposed at the lower end of the second calf linkage; first and second pivot joints, the first pivot joint being disposed at the upper end of the first calf linkage, and the second pivot joint being disposed at the upper end of the second calf linkage; and first and second knee pivot support assemblies, the first knee pivot support assembly including one or more support members that are coupled with the first pivot joint to define a first path along which the first pivot joint may move, and the second knee pivot support assembly including one or more support members that are coupled with the second pivot joint to define a second path along which the second pivot joint may move, wherein the first and second pivot joints and the one or more support members of the first and second knee pivot support assemblies are configured to be located below a hip of a user standing on the first and second foot pedals, and wherein the first and second paths are each an irregular arc shaped path of varying radius along a length of the path.

2. An exercise device according to claim 1, wherein a radius of each irregular arc shaped path is configured to be centered on a point at or near a hip of a user standing on the first and second foot pedals.

3. An exercise device according to claim 1, wherein a radius of each irregular arc shaped path increases in a rearward direction.

4. An exercise device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second knee pivot support assemblies each include a pair of support members, wherein a first one of the pair of support members is longer than a second one of the pair of support members.

5. An exercise device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second knee pivot support assemblies each include a support member configured to change in length during use.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an exercise device produced in accordance with the present invention.

(3) FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the exercise device of FIG. 1, shown from the front side of the device.

(4) FIG. 3 is partial side view of the device of FIG. 1, featuring an alternative foot lift & dampening guide rail system.

(5) FIG. 4 is a full isometric rear side view of the device of FIG. 3.

(6) FIG. 5 is an isometric rear side view of an alternative linkage knee pivot support means that travels back and forth on a linear tilted frame member.

(7) FIG. 6 is an isometric side view of the device of FIG. 5.

(8) FIG. 7 is an isometric side view of a similar device shown in FIG. 5 featuring a roller carriage system to guide the knee pivot about tilted frame guide members with arm handles linked to the roller carriage system via cable and pulley system

(9) FIG. 8 is a frontal side isometric view of the device of FIG. 7.

(10) FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternative linkage system device using a four bar arrangement that produces an irregular arc movement pattern of the knee pivot joint, linked to a long arm lever bar.

(11) FIG. 10 is a frontal side isometric view of the device of FIG. 9.

(12) FIG. 11 is a side view of the device of FIG. 9 showing the lift & damper guide rail system featured on FIG. 3 and an alternative four bar arm lever system.

(13) FIG. 12 is frontal side isometric view of the device of FIG. 11.

(14) FIG. 13 is a side view of the left side of a device featuring another linkage system method for supporting and directing the knee joint utilizing a substantially minimized frame structure.

(15) FIG. 14 is an isometric frontal perspective view of the device shown in FIG. 13

(16) FIG. 15 is a side view of the device shown in FIG. 13 featuring a phantom user shown running on this device.

(17) FIG. 16 is a side rear isometric view of the device shown in FIG. 15.

(18) FIG. 17 is a side view of a device with user figure shown in a running stride

(19) FIG. 18 is an isometric rearward perspective view of a device similar to FIG. 17, showing a new feature, where the right leg linkages are shown pivoting outward.

(20) FIG. 19 is an isometric view of a momentum feedback loop enhancement system shown coupled to the leg linkages of partially exposed prior art.

(21) FIG. 20 in an isometric view of another type of momentum feedback loop system.

(22) FIG. 21 is a partial enlarged detail of the device shown in FIG. 20

(23) FIG. 22 is an isometric view of a device providing friction rollers coupled to a flywheel to drive and be driven by sliding members that support the knee pivot joint.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(24) With reference to the illustrative drawings, and particularly to FIGS. 1 thru 3, the first embodiment of the present invention, exercise device 10 including a base frame 12 with upright frame supports 14 and forward extending side frame supports 16, affixed to support a pair of four bar linkage systems 20 pivotally attached to a forward position along the frame member 16. Linkage system 20 supports a knee pivot assembly 30, whereby the knee pivot travel path KP is an arc having a consistent radius. The path radius r shown in FIG. 3 indicates arc center of origin H to likely be in general aligned or forward to the user's hips, as the radius is shown to be a length mirroring an average person's thigh bone of about 16 long. It should be appreciated that the arc radius dimension can be changed by changing the length of both main generally vertical four bar linkages 22 and 24 and further changing the length accordingly of knee pivot support member 42. Changing the length dimension of both 22 and 24 does not require a change in height of the pivot coupling points to the frame, nor requires that the arc pivot origin H change in height. Prior art, however, having human leg mimicking linkages with hip and knee pivots would require the machine's hip pivot location to rise in elevation from the floor if a larger arc radius were elected through the lengthening of the thigh linkage, which in-turn would require a taller frame with an elevated hip joint to ensure foot pedal clearance with the floor and base frame.

(25) Pivotally coupled to the knee pivot assembly 30 is the shin or calf linkage 32 from which the lower end has affixed a foot support pedal 34. The pedals 34 may be suited to support the weight of the user and follow the movement defined by the user's feet during any gait pattern. The length of the shin linkage may be a similar length to the average person's shin bone, so that each foot pedal will provide adequate range of motion and stay in close alignment with the natural tilt of the bottom plane of the user's feet.

(26) The knee pivot assembly 30 is fixed atop structural tube 42 which is welded perpendicular to four bar member 40 which 40 is pivotally coupled at each end, to the lower ends of the four bar vertical members 22 and 24. It should be appreciated that the length of these components may be change by the manufacturer or may be a manual or automatically adjustable feature allowing the change of the knee path arc radius KP to best suit the user's individual gait preference.

(27) The four bar device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 & 2 show a foot lift & dampening system that is positioned in the vicinity about the four bar linkage system 20 terminating at a base frame 12 attachment point of the lower end of spring return damping cylinder 60. The overall arrangement of damping cylinder 60, associated engagement linkages, and pivot points to be further described, all participate toward influence of the pivot action of the shin linkages 32 where spring lift provides that the foot pedals 34 follow user foot lift, and conversely, downward swing of shin linkage 32 directed by downward user pressure upon the foot pedals 34 will be rate controlled by the damping effect of the cylinders 60, or another type of braking system that could be adopted or designed for this device and the others embodiments to follow.

(28) Best illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the foot lift & dampening system works as follows: When this device 10 is not in use the foot pedals are in a semi lifted state as a result of the spring tension coming from within the spring damping cylinder 60 which via internal spring retracts the cylinder rod back toward the cylinder body. The spring influence intended to ultimately provide pivotal lift of the shin linkage 42, starts through the transfer of pulling action from the cylinder spring 60 via a network of linkages toward the ultimate termination of communication at the shin offset ear 36 linkage attachment point. The communication path in-between begins with the pivotal attachment of the cylinder 60 extension rod to the rear side of the crank linkage 62 which is pivotally coupled to frame members 16 at a point rearward and near to the upper pivot attachment point to the frame of rear four bar linkage 24, such that the forward pivot connection of crank linkage 62 is in general proximity to the upper pivot attachment point to the frame of rear four bar linkage 24. This configuration, as well as other linkage components of this spring & dampening network, intends to optimize isolation of the cylinder 60 influence toward only the pivot action of the shin linkage 42, and not be influenced nor influence the action of the four bar linkage system 20. It should be appreciated that it may be preferred to use a portion of each spring & dampening cylinder 60 influence toward the swing path action of the knee joint. Positioning the forward pivot attachment point of the crank linkage 62 more forward in relations to the upper pivot of linkage 24 will result in a dampening of the rearward traveling knee pivot, as well as a spring return force in the forward swing direction.

(29) Further, toward describing the spring and dampening system, connector link 64 continues the chain of connection between cylinder 60 and shin linkage 42 thru having its top end pivotal connected to the forward end of crank linkage 62, with link's 64 bottom end pivotally coupled to the rearward portion of the outside pivot ear 66. Outside pivot ear 66 is fixed to a pivot rod that passes through the bottom pivot of rear four bar link 24 and shared rear end of bottom connection link tube 40 to an inside transfer ear 68 affixed to the opposite end of the same pivot axis rod. Further, a connector rod 38 has its bottom end pivotally coupled to the forward end of the inside pivot ear 68 and has its top end pivotally coupled to shin/knee ear 36 which is affixed to the shin link 42, where the pivot attachment point at the end of the ear 36 travels in a back and forth arc about the knee pivot either directed by the shin link 42 when the user lowers the foot pedal 34, or is pulled upon by the spring force in cylinder 60 to pull the shin/knee ear thus causing a lifting pressure toward rotation of the shin link 42, therefore foot pedal 34 heel lift.

(30) A control system may be provided to offer mechanical communication between the four bar linkage systems 20 to generally keep the pair of knee pivots 30 moving in opposite forward backward directions or to be influenced by the opposite knee action to facilitate continuous motion and user sense of stability. It should be appreciated that this type of mechanical communication via use of cable, linkages, or electrical mean may be configured to be used on any embodiment or species of this invention.

(31) Arm levers 82 are shown on this device 10 that pivotally coupled at their bottom end to the forward four bar linkage 22, further where a range control linkage segment 84 has one end pivotally couple to the arm lever 82 at a position along the arm lever substantially above the bottom pivot connection, with its opposite end pivotally couples to the frame member 16. This arrangement of components provides that the arm levers 82 move in sync with linkage 24, yet the angle of moment between the leg linkage 24 and arm levers 82 differ such that user preference may be to limit the range of arm handle movement, yet still be connected to movement of the user's legs. If the arm levers 82 were fixed directly to one of the linkages 22 or 24 the resulting arm lever handle travel distance range would likely be too large for user comfort. It should be appreciated the arm lever range of motion can be altered by the manufacturer or whereby the user might change the pivot point, for example of the rear end of the control link 84 to the frame. The closer the pivot coupling point is to the upper pivot axis of linkage 22 to the frame, the larger the resulting range of arm handle movement.

(32) A second aspect of the first embodiment (device 10 just described), device 10B shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, show a nearly identical frame and four bar system 20 as device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The difference between the two devices relates to the method and mechanics that influence the foot pedal lift & dampening rate control of the shin 42, therefore foot pedal 34. Both device 10 and 10B are shown using identical spring damper cylinders 60, however the substitution of mechanical means and method of transmitting the cylinder's 60 spring lift and dampening from the cylinder 60, is ultimately felt by the user at the foot pedals 34. Device 10B features a lift & damper guide rail system 70 that has a rear end pivotal coupling to each elevated frame upright member 14B at a pivot location 94 which has an elevation generally on a similar horizontal plane as the knee pivot when in a neutral or midway of travel position. The guide rails 70 each attach to a spring return damper cylinder 60, such that a lifting force overcomes the weight of the guide rail 70 enough to further provide upward lift influence against the idler roller 72 which is mounted to the rearward side of the shin offset ear 36B. As guide rail 70 applies a lifting force upward against the idler roller 72 the shin linkage is partially rotated to lift when in neutral position and will further follow and stay engaged with the roller 72 when the user lifts their heel, typically during the last phase of a stride gate, thus resetting the cylinder to dampen as the user next pushes down on the foot pedal.

(33) As lift and dampening happens along the entire guide rail 70 length, the advantages are as follows: This guide rail lift and dampening system not only provides a useful pedal lift and damper system for this device, it will also be shown applied to other embodiments on devices 110, 210 & 310B to follow, as well as could be used to substituted other methods used to lift & dampen on certain prior art as a non-focal point type mechanical lift & dampening system that will increase the gait range without undesirable premature dampening usually experienced as the user straightens the knee when striding forward.

(34) Another positive significance related to the dynamics of this leverage based guide rail system 70; the forward most location along the guide rail 70 from pivot location 94 has the greatest mechanical advantage toward extending the cylinder rod to engage the damping force, which turns out to be ideal for this type of device. In other words, it is preferred that damping force for all the exercise modes begin by having a lesser to greater dampening effect as the foot pedals move downward and knee pivot travels backward. Inversely, it is most desirable that at the rear end of the user gait, the greatest & quickest heal kick up occur, which is the case, as the return spring in the spring damper 60 has a greater lifting force the closer the roller 72 is to the pivot 94. It should be appreciated that an additional roller may be used to engage the underside of the guide rail 70, or a single roller trapped in the guide rail if a guide channel is provided, so that the roller 72 remains engaged with the guide rail. It should further be appreciated that the guide rail could provide and alternative design to provide the same results as the rail and roller system, where a modified version of this system could use a telescoping bar system with a forward terminal end pivotally coupled to the same or similar location to the axis point of the currently shown and to be substituted roller 72.

(35) The arm system on this device 10B appears at first glance to be identical to the arm lever system used on device 10; however the method that controls the range of travel of arm lever 82 & 82B differ. Device 10B, best shown in FIG. 3, also shows arm levers 82B pivotally coupled to frame member 16, yet having a portion of the arm lever extending a distance below the pivot, to receive a pivotally coupled linkage 84 which at its opposite rearward end pivotally attaches to the forward four bar linkage 22, such that and similar to device 10, the arm lever action of 82B is shown as having a smaller degree of travel relative to the travel angle range of linkage 22. It should be appreciated that it would be easy to slightly alter the geometry of components to achieve arm lever 82B having the same, less or greater range of travel.

(36) In the Second embodiment of the present invention, indicated as device 110 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, provides a nearly identical lift & dampening guide rail system 70 as used on device 10B, however the travel path of the knee pivot region 130 is linear and inclined rather than an arced path of back and forth travel. A fairly steep incline of linear travel of the knee pivot region 130 as illustrated provides a full range of exercise modes similar to devices and prior art where the knee pivot region travels in an arc, yet may provide a greater range of motion resulting in an exaggerated hiker/stepper exerciser mode, for example.

(37) Device 110 shows a frame having a floor base member 12 having upright side members 114 affixed thereto with additional forward guide rail frame members 116 attached therefrom. Forward frame cross members 118 and 18 further add rigidity to the frame structure, provide a mounting platform for guide cable pulleys 158 and provide handle bar support for the user to hold onto.

(38) The inclined linear knee pivot travel is made possible through the application of knee pivot rollers 174 which freely rotates about the knee pivot axis 130 to travel along the top side and be guided by the guide frame members 116. To stabilize and provide structural integrity of the knee pivot joint 130 to ensure both knee pivot axis remain parallel to the floor, a pair of structural linkages are used to pivotally associate the knee pivot joint with the rear frame upright 114. A first rearward linkage 124 pivotally couples to the frame 114 near its top end, and the bottom end of 124 pivotally couples to the lower end of secondary structural linkage 122 which 122 at its forward top end contains the knee pivot joint 130.

(39) A transfer cable 151 and pulley system consisting of idler pulleys 158 which are mounted to the upper corners of the bridge tube 118 directing cable 151 to each end of termination attached to or near the knee pivot region 130 such that the left and right knee pivots move in opposite fashion along their respective guide rails 116. It should be appreciated that the cable may be interrupted with a means to shorten and or lengthen the cable to allow the knee pivots to also move out of perfect opposite sync, and in addition the cable may be replaced with a transfer system using linkages.

(40) It should be additionally appreciated that the linear path of the knee pivot along the frame guide member 116 may be altered to have a curved shape when looking from the side of the machine and/or may have a curved shape when looking at the guide rail from above, rather than a straight shape as shown in FIGS. 5-7. It should still further be appreciated that the guide rails of the spring and dampening system could also have a curved shape alone or in combination of the side rails being curved. It should still be appreciated that the first and second structural knee support linkages 122 and 124 be eliminated where the knee pivot may only be supported and directed by the guide rail system 70 or modified alike system.

(41) In a third embodiment similar to device 110, device 210 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, illustrates another mechanical method of following the guide rail frame member 216, where again the illustration shows knee travel path to be linear back and forth about the inclined frame member 216. This device 210 couples the roller carriage assembly whereby the knee pivots 230 are supported, and where there are four rollers 274 housed inside of each roller carriage housing to surround each guide rail frame member 216. This method of carrying the knee pivots 230 back and forth about the frame rail 216 is provided to reduce the weight of components associated with supporting the knee pivots with the objective of reducing the momentum which reduces the quickness that the knee pivots can change direction. The lighter weight of this knee support roller carriage system should allow the user to exercise at a quicker back & forth gate tempo, as well as reduce the weight and cost of the device.

(42) A continuous cable system 250 is shown made up of a first lower forward cable segment 251 directed by a left and right idler pulleys 258 mounted to forward lower frame bridge tube 218. Each end of cable segment 251 attaches to and terminates at or near the forward end of the left & right hand roller carriages 233, where cable 251 has an optimal length where one roller carriage 233 may be positioned at the forward limit along the side frame member 216 while simultaneously the opposite roller carriage may be at or near the rearward limit position about the side frame member 216. Having this cable segment 251 attached and in-place as just described above, the knee pivots 230 will be able to perform an exaggerated lower body stride function if the user chooses. The added upper body arm handle feature shown on this device 210 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, provides arm handles 282 that move with a linear displacement equal to the movement of the knee pivots. To accomplish this: tied to the knee pivot arm handle action, a secondary cable system 250 is provided such that each end of the secondary cable 249 attaches to the rear end of each roller carriage 233. To shift the arm handle path above and generally parallel to the knee pivot path, a set of idler pulleys 254 and 256 are mounted to each side of the upright frame members 214 which directs cable 249 from their attachment points at the rear of the roller carriages to and around upper forward pulleys 254 which are mounted to the upper frame bridge member 219, where cable 251 and 249 creating a closed loop system where the left and right knee pivot members move in opposite sink, while so too do the arm handles 282, where further, the left side knee pivots also move in opposite direction near to parallel alignment with the above left arm handle 282.

(43) Shown coupled to this device 210 is the earlier described lift & damper guide rail system 70, which it should be appreciated could be substituted with an additional cable and pulley system which would isolate lift & dampening of the rotation of the shin link 232 about the knee pivot 230, whereby the linear travel of the knee pivots would not contaminate the shin link lift and dampening movements.

(44) In a fourth embodiment of this present invention, device 310 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 provides an alternative four bar linkage system compared to the four bar linkage systems described and shown in the previous devices 10 and 10B where in this device 310 and 310B (shown in FIGS. 11 and 12) the two main generally vertical pair of linkages each have a different upper and lower center to center pivot axis dimension, as well as, an extended lower bar of the system from which the knee pivot is contained at the forward upper end; and further where the upper vertical main linkages of the four bar system mount from a frame bracket 318 positioned atop and forward of each frame side member 314 rearward from the user when standing on the device. The knee path KP on this device 310, as well as device 310B, to be described in more detail, both devices have an identical knee path KP that has an irregular arc which is steeper at the forward end and flattens out at the rearward end. This type of irregular knee path may provide a bigger overall stride length than prior art which uses a thigh linkage having consistent radius of close to 16. Further, the flattened arc path toward the back of the knee path KP may encourage a motion that is more continuous at the back end due to the back end having a flatter end phase where the rear flow rate should flow quicker than prior art having a radius that begins to bring the knee upward against gravity at the end of a longer type of gait pattern. Prior art relies on a tight opposite movement connection between the back and forth movements of the opposite knee paths, where the opposite still forward moving leg, helps pull through the rearward phase of the other knee. The significant potential improvement over prior art illustrated and described in this device 310 and 310B in particular, show the versatility available toward designing a device such as this where the knee path shape can be dialed-in by the manufacture toward improving the overall feel & performance over machine's that have a fixed arcuate knee path. It should further be appreciated that one or both of the linkages making up any of the four bar link systems of this invention may have the ability to be user adjustable in length or may automatically adjust in length during use, where the link(s) may, for example, have telescoping characteristic with internal or external springs and/or dampers affecting the telescoping action.

(45) Device 310 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 has a base frame 12 with rear affixed uprights 314, which have forward brackets 318 which have two pivot locations per bracket 318 to receive the mounting of modified four bar linkage system 320. The first rear structural linkage 326 of the four bar linkage system 320 has its top end pivotally sandwiched in-between the frame bracket 318 where a bolt could be used to hold and stabilize linkage 326, only allowing a forward and backward swing. At the low end of the linkage 326 is a fixed bracket which provides for the pivotal coupling of the bottom four bar linkage knee pivot support tube 322 which at the upward forward top end contains the knee pivot axis bearing elements. Along the same knee pivot support tube 322 near to and forward of the bottom end coupling to linkage 326, is an attachment hole location to which the secondary control link 324 of the four bar system pivotally attaches. The same control link 324 at its lower end shows having a bracket which provides that a bolt may pass through the components to create one of the four pivot support locations. The top end of the control link 324 is pivotally coupled to the most forward frame bracket 318 attachment-hole-location. The distance between the hole locations on the frame bracket 318, as best seen in FIGS. 9 and 11 is space further apart than the pivot center distance between the lower rear end of the knee pivot support tube 322. In addition, the control linkage 324 has a shorter dimension than linkage 326, which results in the knee path KP having an irregular arc as indicated with phantom lines. It should be appreciated that the geometry related to linkage lengths and pivot locations of the elements of this type of four bar system 320 can be altered to produce a knee path following a variety of different path shapes beyond the knee path KP of this device 310 and 310B. Again, as earlier mentioned one or both linkage members 326 and/or 324 may be able to shorten or lengthen before or during use to produce a more dynamic and ever changing knee path to best suit the user. It should also be appreciated that this invention illustrating a variety of linkage systems that both support and provide a travel fixed or variably changing generally forward and backward travel path, may be substituted using likely many other possible linkage based systems, guide rails means and/or combination using both linkage and guide systems.

(46) A fairly simple lift & damper system is shown on device 310 which is isolated to influence the pivot action about the knee pivot 330 of each shin link 342. An offset linkage 336 having a pivotal axis through the knee pivot, also provides a pivotal attachment point for the cable segments 338 which from its forward of knee attachment point to offset linkage 336 than runs down along side of the knee support tube 322 and then partially around the idler pulley 368 having pivot attachment with the elbow joint, where tube 322 pivotally attaches to linkage 324. The cable 338 than direct upward, generally alongside linkage tubes 324 up to than encircle second idler pulley 362 mounted at or near the rear bracket pivot attachment location, and then the same cable 338 engages and attaches to the base mounted spring return dampening cylinder 60. Similarly mentioned earlier pertaining to device 10, the upper second pulley 362 could be position, for example, in a more forwardly position, whereby the a portion of spring lift and dampening would be applied toward the knee path movement and not just isolated to only influencing the shin linkage 342 rotation.

(47) An arm lever system is shown on this device 310 which includes arm lever poles 382 pivotally mounted in mirror fashion between both the left and right sides of the base frame 12. The back and forth pivot action and range of motion 3AP of the arm poles 382 are controlled and associate with the movement of the rear four bar linkage 326 through linkage communication between arm poles 382 and linkage 326. On the inside of the base frame 12 is a rearward pointing linkage ear 384 having a pivot axis fixed to the arm lever base pivot, whereby the ear 384 and arm lever 382 move in sync. A generally vertical linkage 386 has a bottom end pivotally coupled to the ear 384 and a top end pivotally coupled to an upper ear 388 which is fixed to the upper pivot of the linkage 326, such that upper ear 388 moves in sync with linkage 326. It should be appreciated that certain component making up the upper body system linked to the leg action, may have dimensions altered to provide for lesser or greater range of movement or handle movement path 3AP.

(48) It should be appreciated that the arm poles may be disengage from communicating with the leg action and may lock and hold a stationary position where the user could use as stationary handle support or the arm poles may pivot outward to allow the user to freely move arms about without fear of interference with the arm poles.

(49) A second aspect of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, device 310B, shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, illustrates the same four bar linkage system and frame shown and described in the last device 310. The only differences relate to the upper body mechanism and the lift & dampening system, which lift & dampening system is used in almost identical fashion here as used and described in devices 10B, 110 and 210. The upper body system incorporated into this device 310B is similar to arm system in device 310, in that both arm pole movements are directed and linked to the legs or knee pivot path movement. The rear most end of the arm poles 382B are pivotally coupled to the upper end of extension tube 326B which is affixed at its lower end to the rear linkage 326. Forward of and generally parallel to the extension tube 326B is an independent control linkage 329 shown to have a lower free pivot mounted to the inside of bracket 318 in-line with forward frame bracket pivot location. The upper end of the independent control link has a surround bracket shape to allow a secondary pivotal connection with the arm handle bars 382B.

(50) In a fifth embodiment of the present invention, indicated as device 410, shown in FIGS. 13-16, provides a left and right-hand leg linkage system 420 that supports each knee pivot 430 as the knee pivot travel path 4KP, shown in phantom line having an irregular arc generally near to a consistent arc, which is shown in solid line having a radius of about 16 with a center-radius shown generally in-line to the phantom user's hip joint 4H. The leg linkage members 420 supporting and directing the knee pivots 430, consist of two main structurally supporting and directing linkages 426 & 422, which are pivotally joined to one another having a shared pivot axis 492. Pivot axis 492 is located at a bracket that is fixed to the upper end of the primary first linkage tube 426. The second linkage 422 at the forward end there is a fixed knee pivot rod to which the lower leg linkage 432 pivotally couples. Both the lower leg linkage 432, which at its lower end the foot pedal 34 is affixed, and the second linkage 422 pivotally couple to the first linkage at pivot location 492 which is a few inches forward of the rear end of the second linkage tube 422. The three pivotally associated linkages 432, 422 and 426 are pivotally coupled to the side frame tube 414 at an elevation near to the floor at pivot axis 494. It should be appreciated that pivotal connection of the knee support/guide linkages 420 to the frame in such a near-to-floor fashion at pivot joint 494, allows for a considerably less substantial and simplified frame design to be had to provide the adequate rigidity of the pivot structure at pivot axis 494.

(51) The addition of the fourth linkage 424 is required to control the knee support/guide linkages 420 to move in a fashion directing the knee joint 430 to move as indicated, as knee path 4KP. This fourth linkage segment 424 has a lower end pivotally connected to the upper end of structurally sound side frame member 414, with the upper end of forth linkage segment pivotally attached to the rear end of second linkage 422. It should be understood that side frame members 414 are fixed to base frame 12, yet it should be appreciated that side frame members 414 may be hinged to the sub-frame to potentially allow the fold-down and collapse of the entire device for convenient low profile storage and/or transport.

(52) Arm poles 482 pivotally mount to the side of the base frame at pivot location 483. Coupling of the arm poles 482 to their respective leg linkage system is achieved through the slide-able pivot mating between the fixed-to offset arm pole member 484 engagement with leg linkage member's 426 offset member 427, whereby the rearward swing of the leg members 420 simultaneously correspond to the forward swing of the arm poles 482. It should be appreciated that the arm poles may function independent from the leg linkages and from one another; or the arm poles may be independent from the leg linkages, yet be dependently linked together to move in opposite swing phase which may provide safety and stability to the user, where holding onto both arm poles will disallow the user from falling forward or backward from the machine. This independent arm action from the leg linkages provides that the leg linkages may or may not have their knee pivots dependently linked together.

(53) In the fourth embodiment, a third aspect of the present invention indicated as device 310C, shown in FIG. 17, features a third variation upper body arm pole system for this general embodiment 310, where a first and second variations of upper body mechanism are illustrated in FIGS. 9-11. The arm mechanism featured here, in FIGS. 17 and 18 provides a shortened arm pole 382C that pivotally attached to a forward of the knee pivot location 383. The movement pattern of the lower end pivotal coupling of arm pole 382C at forward of knee pivot location 383 moves in a back and forth path that remains parallel to the irregular arc path pattern of the knee pivot joint 330.

(54) As the upper portion of arm pole 382, generally where the user would grasp to further stabilize user sense of balance and to engage the upper body via arm movement involving the users to pivot the shoulder, bend and straighten the elbow joints to engage or follow the movement action path of the generally upper portion of the arm poles. As it is preferred and found to be a more natural movement pattern that the user's knee and corresponding hand move back and forth in a general opposite direction from each other, it becomes necessary to add a means to cause a pivot action at arm pole low-end pivot joint 383 to provide that the upper portion of the arm pole moves in the opposite direction of the pivot joint 383 and knee pivot joint 330. The added means used on this device 310C and 310D to provide the desired opposite corresponding back and forth movement between the user's hands and knees is accomplished with the addition of a simple rigid or mostly rigid control linkage rod 329, which has a forward end pivotally coupled to the arm pole 382C at a location 381 that is affixed and offset from the bottom of each arm pole generally above and between the arm pole pivot 383 and knee pivot 330, and the rear end of the linkage rod 329 is shown to be pivotally attached at location 385 upon the rear main linkage 326 of the four bar linkage system that supports and direct the movement of the knee joints. It should be understood that changing the pivotal attachment location of one or both ends of the control linkage rod 329 along the parts (326 and 381) to which they attach will produce either a smaller or greater degree of pivot movement of the arm poles or, in other words, will have an impact on the back & forth travel distance of the user's hands while holding on to the upper portion of each arm pole.

(55) A partially illustrated knee to knee pivot communication system 335 is shown as just one of a variety of potential methods of linking the knee joints to one another. In this illustration example, both linkages 327 couple to their respective pivots 394 and linkage 326, such that, the degree of pivot rotation of linkage 326 about pivot 394 must cause the same degree of pivot rotation of offset linkage 327. Also shown, linkage rods 328 at their upper ends, pivotally couple to their respective offset linkage 327, where the back and forth movement of the knee joints will correspond to the up and down opposite movement pattern of the linkage rods 328. The lower ends of the linkage rods 328 may be coupled to the variety off opposite knee joint communication systems and/or momentum enhancement systems, such as those shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. It should be understood that this device and the others embodiments shown in this present invention, a communication between the knees may not be present, or maybe the communication or coupling of the knee joint to one another may be rigidly dependent or may be coupled by a system that provides flexibility in the system where the knee joints my not always have to move in a precise opposite swing phase, or the communication system may provide flexibility in the opposite swing phase, yet one leg may provide the transmission of a force to assist or act against the movement of the opposite knee's travel path.

(56) In the fourth embodiment, a fourth aspect of the present invention, indicated as device 310D, shown in FIG. 18; introduces an additional type of four bar linkage system 340, shown to be pivotally attached or configured at a modified back frame of the device, to function in a lateral direction, providing the opportunity for the foot pedals 334D to be manipulated by the user, in addition to travelling forward, backward, up and down; to also laterally travel (LP) inward, as well as, to a greater degree, outward; having an angle of lateral travel origin, generally near to the imaginary pivot location of the corresponding user's hip joint. The benefit of having a lateral pivot origin near to the user's hip joints, help ensure that the foot pedals 334 maintain a neutral lateral position when the user is at standing at rest or when performing at a regular linear general forward and backward gait pattern when standing on the foot pedals 334D. In other words, standing on the foot pedal will generally not cause a lateral movement, unless or until the user intentionally drives the foot pedal laterally inward or outward engaging additional muscles not exercised during a typical back and forth gait.

(57) The lateral four bar linkage system 340 couples to the knee pivot support four bar linkage system 320, via frame bracket 318D fixed to the upper end of the extension tube member 315 that at its lower end is fixed to the bottom and generally horizontal short four bar system tube. The lateral pivot origin generally near to the user's hip pivot is produced by the varying lengths of each of the two main generally vertical four bar linkages 386 and 384 and there slanted positional pivotal attachment to the rear frame tube 317. It should be appreciated that an alternative method to produce a similar lateral pivot about the user's hips might include a single laterally capable structural tube member, pivotally attached to a fixed frame member at a location generally on the same horizontal and vertical plane of each of the user's hip joints and located at the rear of the machine if incorporated into a machine having a similar configuration. The lower end of the structural tube member would then be fixed to support the main four bar linkage system that supports and direct the knee pivot joints.

(58) It should further be appreciated, that still a further dimension of foot pedal travel may be provided, which may simulate a person changing direction of travel, i.e. simulating left & right turn capacity, through providing that each (left & right hand) leg linkage system is attached to a vertically aligned pivot joint that may be generally directly below and or above each of the user's hip joints. To further clarify, if the user is standing still with each foot on their respective foot pedal, the user with the additional dimension of movement possibility would be able to rotate the foot pedal inward and outward on a general horizontal plane, which may also be performed when exercising. To further expand on the level of possibility toward simulating real world experience when traveling on varying sloped terrain, the vertical aligned frame supporting pivot joints that allow left & right turn capability, could be fixed to a generally horizontally positioned structural plane member, having the ability to tilt in a variety of up and down angles about a 360 degree circle, having a center position generally in-between the hip pivot joints that allow left & right turning. Causing the structural horizontal plane to tilt may be accomplished with three pivotal attachment points located a generally equal distance on the general horizontal plane, creating a triangle if looking from above or below the plane. The three attachment points may provide a manual, semi-manual and/or power operated linear actuator, to enable and control the multi aspect tilt about the 360 degree surface about the general center of the horizontal plane.

(59) A first momentum enhancement system embodiment, indicated as 510A, shown in FIG. 19, is coupled to a varied gait prior art apparatus (in phantom line), illustrating the system's influence to the general back and forth knee pivot travel path, by way of attachment to the prior art device's upper thigh linkage system. It should be understood that this first aspect 510A, as well as, the second aspect momentum enhancement system 510B, shown in FIG. 20, may be coupled to the present invention, as well as, prior art similar to this present invention, or may even be coupled to provide variable stride and enhanced momentum and rate control on elliptical type exercise machines.

(60) In this FIG. 19, the momentum enhancement system 510A is directly linked to the prior art's upper thigh linkage system, via pivotal coupling of the lower end of linkage rod 529, at the illustrated far end or device's left hand side of the swing bar 527. The center pivot mounted swing bar 527 is pivotally coupled to the machine's base frame 512. Each end of the swing bar 527 is pivotally coupled to the lower end of their respective left and right hand, generally vertical, linkage rods 528, with the upper ends of linkage rods 528 pivotally coupled to an offset member of the prior art's respective thigh linkage. In this instance, the knee pivot joints 530 move in a close tolerance opposite swing phase pattern as directed by the swinging action of the swing bar 527. It should be appreciated that the linkage rods or modified versions of same may on other embodiments of this present invention or other prior art, could run in a non-vertical fashion.

(61) The coupling of the momentum enhancement system via the linkage rod 529, provides that the reciprocating up and down travel (T) of the linkage rods 528, in turn, generate the rotation of the momentum enhancement system, through the upper end of the linkage rod 529 being pivotally attached to a moveable crank bar 571 that is housed within the high torque disk 583. The pivotal attachment location 572 may spontaneously, through user intention to change the length of their stride, cause a change in the distance from the center rotation of pivot 570, as the pivot attachment point 572 orbits around the pivot axis 570, similar to a bicycle foot pedal crank arm, where the foot pedal axil represents pivot 572. The further the attachment point 572 is from the pivot axis 570, the longer the knee joint overall stride length.

(62) The torque necessary to adequately influence the system and provide the user a greater sense of continuous fluid movement and or rate control, is generated by the rotational energy stored and released from the flywheel 580, which rotational force is further enhanced by multiplying its torque through the use of a drive/driven pulley system. Energy is released into the system through the rotation of the flywheel 580, which directs its energy through the affixed small sheave 581 that shares the same axis of rotation as the flywheel 583, in this embodiment; than the energy from small sheave is transmitted through belt 582 to large sheave 583, where the torque is multiplied at the large sheave's rotation axis 570. It should be appreciated, that the moveable crank bar system 572 may be modified or enhanced to better communicate the intention of the user to change the length of stride to the actual change of position of the attachment point 572 with respect to rotation axis 570.

(63) A second momentum enhancement system embodiment, indicated as device 510B, shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, is an alternative system to device 510A that is coupled to a swing bar system, shown in FIG. 19. Device 510B shows an alternative method having an equivalent momentum enhancement influence to the knee pivot travel as compared to the swing bar method (527) having a center pivot mount 573 to a frame member 514, where the ends of the swing bar transmit an equal opposite directional distance of travel (T) to the linkages that couple to each end of the swing bar. In this embodiment 510B, distance of rotational travel (T) is a function of the variable radial circumference path produced by each end of the rotating extension rods 526 which are pivotally coupled to the linkage rods 528B which are shown to travel in a generally vertical position and generally reciprocate up and down as directed by the rotating extension rods 526, and where the opposite upper ends of rods 528B pivotally attached to elements of the device (not shown) that communicate with the knee pivot joints of the device.

(64) The left and right hand rotating extension rods 526 and 526 communicate to one another to generally move in an opposite swing phase to ultimately influence or to be influenced by the knee pivot joints to generally move respectively in an equal opposite swing phase fashion along with the extension rods 526. It should be appreciated that the communication between extension rods 526 and 526 may be dependently linked in a close tolerance fashion using a rigid linkage 592, best seen in FIG. 21, which each end of linkage 592 pivotally connects to offset bracket 594 that is affixed near to the end of rotation rod 526 that is the opposite end that pivotally couples to linkages 528B. This same end of rotation rod 526 pivotally couples to the main rotating high torque axil system 590 via pivotal attachment at through bolt 595 though bracket 596 which is affixed to axil rod 590, such that the rotating extension rod's axis may align with axis of the torque axil rod 590. The torque axil rod 590 passes through both housing rings 516 and through the high torque sheave 583B to which it attaches. High torque sheave 583B is coupled to the smaller sheave 581B which is fixed to flywheel 580B, both sharing the same axil. Axil rod 590 rotates within the center of each housing ring 516 by way of guide rollers 593 that rotate and travel within same housing rings 516; which guide rollers 593 are pivotally mounted to the backside of each bracket 596. Each housing ring 516 may be held in a fixed position relative to the frame through the use of tubes 514 having their opposite ends than affixed to frame base member 512B. It should be appreciated the mounting position of this device 510B may be elsewhere as best suited to the particular device it may be used. As mentioned earlier, the communication system illustrated as device 510B is shown to use a rigidly dependent communication means via linkage 592 to provide close tolerance opposite swing phase of the knee pivot joints or another type of exercise machine having foot pedals, yet a modified linkage 592 may not be rigid to allow the left and right hand rotation rods to move out of strict opposite phase. Not shown, the linkage 592 whether rigid or not may be moveable through the user manually changing their knee stride range during exercise, or the linkage member 592 may be operated through another type of manual, automatic, or programmable system.

(65) Another momentum enhancement system, shown within device 610, in FIG. 22; features a continuous rotating flywheel 680, which is coupled to a set of high fiction rollers 681a and 681a (not shown), via having all these components sharing and affixed to a rigid rod member center axil, that provides that the flywheel 680 and friction rollers 681a and 681a (not shown) may rotate together as a single unit, and rotate freely as contained within and between the two sides of the frame bracket side plates 618. Looking at the left side of device, the roller 681a is shown coupled to a same left side of device roller 681b, by way of a chain or belt, such that both rollers rotate at the same rate and in unison. It should be appreciated, that one roller may work adequately enough to provide the friction necessary to which the leg slide member 622 undersurface may both drive the flywheel 680, as the slide member 622 is driven downward and rearward by the user; where simultaneously, the roller 681a and (as shown) roller 681b may also provide that the user's rearward gate travel is regulated (made more fluid, continuous, and rate controlled) through the stabilizing influence of the flywheel 680. The influence of the flywheel 680 acting upon the rearward movement of the slide members 622 and 622 not only provides the user a greater sense of stability, but further provides a more realistic sense that the user is traveling forward on land; where the user's mass in motion on land, provides a momentum force toward continuous motion to which this device 610 as well as the other momentum enhancement devices shown in FIGS. 19-21 try to simulate.

(66) At the completion of the rearward gate path, marked by the user transferring body weight from the one foot pedal 634 to the opposite foot pedal 634; this reduction of downward force between the underside of the slide member 622 against the rollers 681a & 681b, no longer provides a positive connection, whereby the force of both the user taking a stride forward and/or the forward pull from the elastic member 650, provides that the knee pivots 630 and associated slide members will return forward in a fashion that closely follows the natural gait of the user's forward returning leg, preferably at a rate that does not hinder that user forward leg return. The elastic member 650 is shown as a continuous loop as directed by the base idler pulley 552 and associated upper frame idler pulleys 554 and 554, where each end of the elastic member 650 terminates and attaches to each respective slide member 622 and 622. It should be appreciated that there may be two individual and independent elastic members, one per each side of the device 610 to act on each individual left and right hand slide member.

(67) In addition to the momentum rate control system action upon the movement of the knee pivot joints 630, as described above for this device 610; it is further necessary to provide a lift and dampening system to the action of the foot pedals 634 through their connection to their knee pivot joint through the calf linkage, as is typical throughout this invention. Device 610 provides resistance to the lowering of the foot pedals 634, or in other words, the straightening of the user's knees; as well as, a lifting force to help bend the knee and to provide that the foot pedal remains under foot as the user lifts their feet, which is accomplished using the typical fitness cylinder 660 which each has a return springs. This device 610 shows a unique system, which allows the fitness cylinders 650 to be mounted to the frame, so that the cylinders will not add an additional unwelcomed mass to the slide members, which would hinder the desired quick rate response to which the slide members need to change direction, so that the user may enjoy a more nimble experience. Before this system is further described, it should be appreciated that a dampening and lift system may be made a part of the slide system; or this device may incorporate the dampening and lift bar system, generally labeled 70, and first shown in FIG. 3. The unique cable and idler pulley system shown here and incorporated into device 610, provides that the sliding movement of the slide members 622 and 622 will not cause the fitness cylinders 660 to engage or reset; yet through this configuration, only the rotation of the calf linkage 632 about the knee pivot 630 will engage the dampening and spring return to and from the fitness cylinders 650.

(68) As device 610 shows an all mechanical method of providing momentum force simulation to the device, as well as, lift and dampening forces on the knee rotation; it should be appreciated that electronic devices may substitute in a variety of ways to simulate the basic requirements to ensure the user obtains the basic user-defined, freeform, natural gait pattern that may accurately simulate real world experience.

(69) As this present invention does not illustrate use of a forward mounted to frame monitoring or entertainment console, it should be appreciated that a console could be made available through attachment to the devise, or to an independent console wired to or wirelessly communicating with the device, or the device may communicate using an electronic interactive component, such as a smart television, computer, or other Wi-Fi apparatus.