Lens with a Fixed Focal Length and a Constant Structural Length for Autofocus Applications
20190212531 ยท 2019-07-11
Inventors
Cpc classification
G02B13/006
PHYSICS
G02B13/18
PHYSICS
G02B27/0075
PHYSICS
International classification
G02B27/00
PHYSICS
G02B13/18
PHYSICS
Abstract
A lens with a fixed focal length, includes five lens-element groups, a first front lens-element group, a second lens-element group, a third lens-element group, a fourth lens-element group, and a fifth back lens-element group that is arranged in a stationary manner. Relative to an imaging plane in a lens barrel and both the focusing front group and the focusing back group are movable jointly relative to one another and to the lens-element groups arranged in a stationary manner in order to focus the lens on objects at different object distances. The front lens-element group and the back lens-element group have a negative refractive power.
Claims
1. A lens with a fixed focal length, comprising: five lens-element groups, wherein three lenses are mounted in a stationary manner and two lenses are mounted in a displaceable manner along an optical axis, wherein a first front lens-element group as viewed from an object side is arranged in a stationary manner, a second lens-element group as a focusing front group is arranged in a displaceable manner, a third lens-element group containing a stationary iris diaphragm, the aperture of which is adjustable, as a central group is arranged in a stationary manner, a fourth lens-element group as a focusing back group is arranged in a displaceable manner, and a fifth back lens-element groups is arranged in a stationary manner relative to an imaging plane in a lens barrel and both the focusing front group and the focusing back group are movable jointly relative to one another and to the lens-element groups arranged in a stationary manner in order to focus the lens on objects at different object distances, and the front lens-element group and the back lens-element group have a negative refractive power.
2. The lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the focusing front group, the central group and the focusing back group have a positive refractive power.
3. The lens as claimed in claim 1, wherein both the focusing front group and the focusing back group move away from the imaging plane during focusing from infinity to the near setting.
4. The lens as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio f1/f of the focal lengths f1 of the front lens-element group and f of the entire lens lies between 40 and 0.3, the ratio f2/f of the focal lengths f2 of the focusing front group and f of the entire lens lies between 0.3 and 20, the ratio f3/f of the focal lengths f3 of the central group and f of the entire lens lies between 0.3 and 40, the ratio f4/f of the focal lengths f4 of the focusing back group and f of the entire lens lies between 0.2 and 20, the ratio f5/f of the focal lengths f5 of the back lens-element group and f of the entire lens lies between 40 and 0.3.
5. The lens as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lens has a ratio of the total focal length f to the image circle diameter in the imaging plane of between 0.3 and 1.5.
6. The lens as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ratio V of the volume of the respective focusing group to the image circle diameter in the imaging plane raised to the third power lies below 0.1 (V/Bd.sup.3<0.1), in particular below 0.08, or the weight of the respective focusing group lies below 15 g.
7. The lens as claimed in claim 6, wherein either the front lens-element group consists of four lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a negative refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power, the third lens element has a positive refractive power and the fourth lens element has a negative refractive power, wherein the third lens element and the fourth lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a positive total refractive power, or the front lens-element group consists of three lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a negative refractive power, the second lens element has a positive refractive power and the third lens element has a negative refractive power, or the front lens-element group consists of three lens elements wherein the first lens element has a positive refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power and the third lens element has a negative refractive power, or the front lens-element group consists of three lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a negative refractive power, the second lens element has a positive refractive power and the third lens element has a negative refractive power, wherein the first lens element and the second lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a positive total refractive power.
8. The lens as claimed in claim 7, wherein either the central group consists of five lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a negative refractive power, the second lens element has a positive refractive power, the third lens element has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens element has a positive refractive power and the fifth lens element has a positive refractive power, wherein the third lens element and the fourth lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a negative or positive total refractive power, or the central group consists of five lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a positive refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power, the third lens element has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens element has a positive refractive power and the fifth lens element has a positive refractive power, wherein the third lens element and the fourth lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a positive total refractive power, or the central group consists of four lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a positive refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power, the third lens element has a positive refractive power and the fourth lens element has a positive refractive power, wherein the second lens element and the third lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a negative total refractive power, or the central group consists of six lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a negative refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power, the third lens element has a positive refractive power, the fourth lens element has a negative refractive power, the fifth lens element has a positive refractive power and the sixth lens element has a positive refractive power, wherein the fourth lens element and the fifth lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a negative total refractive power.
9. The lens as claimed in claim 8, wherein either the back lens-element group consists of three lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a positive refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power and the third lens element has a positive or negative refractive power, wherein the first lens element and the second lens element are combined to form a lens-element doublet having a negative total refractive power, or the back lens-element group consists of three lens elements, wherein the first lens element has a positive refractive power, the second lens element has a negative refractive power and the third lens element has a negative refractive power.
10. The lens as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least three of the five lens-element groups contain a lens element having one or two aspherical surfaces, preferably the stationary lens-element groups.
11. The lens as claimed in claim 10, wherein the back lens-element group contains at least one lens element comprising an optical material having a refractive index ne of greater than 1.8.
12. The lens as claimed in claim 11, wherein the central group contains at least one lens element comprising an optical material having anomalous partial dispersion SCD of greater than 0.07.
13. The lens as claimed in claim 12, wherein the front lens-element group contains at least one lens element comprising an optical material having anomalous partial dispersion SCD of greater than 0.07.
14. The lens as claimed in claim 13, wherein at least one of the focusing groups contains a lens element comprising an optical material having anomalous partial dispersion SCD of greater than 0.07.
Description
[0044] In this case, in the figures:
[0045]
[0046]
[0047]
[0048]
[0049]
[0050]
[0051]
[0052]
[0053] The movement paths of the respective lens-element groups during the focusing process are illustrated below the lens-element sections in the figures. Horizontal lines represent the positions of the lens-element groups G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5. The upper lines thereof identify the positions in the focus setting infinity, the lower lines the positions in the focus setting at the shortest object distance, and the central lines the positions in a central focus setting. The perpendicular lines are assigned to the stationary lens-element groups G1, G3 and G5, and the oblique lines to the displaceable focusing groups G2 and G4.
[0054] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 21 mm as illustrated in
[0055] A second and a fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein the focusing front group G2 is a convexo-concave lens element and the focusing back group G4 is a biconvex lens element.
[0056] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which in the light direction consists of a biconcave lens element G3L1 having a negative refractive power, a biconvex lens element G3L2 having a positive refractive power, a relatively thin biconcave lens element G3L3 having a negative refractive power, a biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power and a biconcave lens element G3L5 having a positive refractive power. The biconcave lens element G3L3 having a negative refractive power and the biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power are combined to form a lens-element doublet G3L3/G3L4 having a negative total refractive power. This central group is stationary and encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first biconcave lens element G3L1, which is embodied with aspherical surfaces on both sides, and the second biconvex lens element G3L2.
[0057] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first concavo-convex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power and a second biconcave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power, which are joined together as a lens-element doublet (cemented element) G5L1/G5L2 having overall a negative refractive power, and a third concavo-convex lens element G5L3 having a positive refractive power that is disposed downstream in the light direction. An aspherical surface is shaped on the concave lens-element surface of the last lens element G5L3. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0058] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 24 mm as illustrated in
[0059] A second and a fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein the focusing front group G2 is a biconvex lens element and the focusing back group G4 is a biconvex lens element.
[0060] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which in the light direction consists of a convexo-concave lens element G3L1 having a negative refractive power, a biconvex lens element G3L2 having a positive refractive power, a lens-element doublet G3L3/G3L4 having a negative total refractive power, consisting of a biconcave lens element G3L3 having a negative refractive power and a biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power, and a biconcave lens element G3L5 having a positive refractive power. The lens-element group G3 encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first convexo-concave lens element G3L1, which is embodied with aspherical surfaces on both sides, and the second biconvex lens element G3L2.
[0061] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first biconvex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power and a second biconcave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power, which are joined together as a cemented element having overall a negative refractive power, and a convexo-concave lens element G5L3 having a positive refractive power that is disposed downstream in the light direction. An aspherical surface is formed on the concave side of the final lens element G5L3. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0062] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 35 mm as illustrated in
[0063] A second and a fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein the focusing front group G2 is a biconvex lens element and the focusing back group G4 is a biconvex lens element.
[0064] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which in the light direction consists of a biconcave lens element G3L1 having a negative refractive power, a biconvex lens element G3L2 having a positive refractive power, a lens-element doublet G3L3/G3L4 having a negative total refractive power, consisting of a biconcave lens element G3L3 having a negative refractive power and a biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power, and a biconvex lens element G3L5 having a positive refractive power. The lens-element group encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first biconcave lens element G3L1, which is embodied with aspherical surfaces on both sides, and the second biconvex lens element G3L2.
[0065] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first concavo-convex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power and a second biconcave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power, which are joined together as a cemented element having overall a negative refractive power, and a second concavo-convex lens element G5L3 having a negative refractive power that is displaced downstream in the light direction. In the case of the final lens G5L3, the concave side is embodied as an aspherical surface. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0066] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 50 mm as illustrated in
[0067] A second and fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein the focusing front group G2 and the focusing back group G4 are a biconvex lens element.
[0068] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which in the light direction is constructed from a concavo-convex lens element G3L1 having a positive refractive power and having aspherical surfaces shaped on both sides, a lens-element doublet G3L2/G3L3 having a negative total refractive power, consisting of a biconcave lens element G3L2 having a negative refractive power and a biconvex lens element G3L3 having a positive refractive power, and a biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power. The lens-element group encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first concavo-convex lens element G3L1 and the lens-element doublet G3L2/G3L3.
[0069] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first concavo-convex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power and a second biconcave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power, which are joined together as a lens-element doublet (cemented element) having overall a negative refractive power, and a third concavo-convex lens element G5L3 having a negative refractive power that is disposed downstream in the light direction. The concave lens-element surface of the third concavo-convex lens element G5L3 has an aspherical surface. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0070] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 35 mm and a maximum aperture number of 1.4 as illustrated in
[0071] A second and a fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein the focusing front group G2 is a concavo-convex lens element and the focusing back group G4 is a convexo-concave lens element.
[0072] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which consists of six lens elements G3L1, G3L2, G3L3, G3L4, G3L5, G3L6. The lens-element group comprises first a biconcave lens element G3L1 having a negative refractive power, second a concavo-convex lens element G3L2 having a negative refractive power and embodied as aspherical on both sides, and third a biconvex lens element G3L3 having a positive refractive power. The fourth biconcave lens element G3L4 having a negative refractive power is combined with the fifth biconvex lens element G3L5 having a positive refractive power to form a lens-element doublet G3L4, G3L5 having a negative total refractive power, wherein the downstream sixth biconvex lens element G3L6 has a positive refractive power. The lens-element group encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first biconcave lens element G3L1 and the concavo-convex lens element G3L2.
[0073] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first biconvex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power, a second convexo-concave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power and having aspherical surfaces shaped on both sides, and a further convexo-concave lens element G5L3 having a negative refractive power. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0074] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 21 mm and a maximum aperture number of 2 as illustrated in
[0075] A second and a fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein both the focusing front group G2 and the focusing back group G4 are a biconvex lens element.
[0076] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which in the light direction consists of a biconvex lens element G3L1 having a positive refractive power, a concavo-convex lens element G3L2 having a negative refractive power, a lens-element doublet G3L3/G3L4 having a positive total refractive power, consisting of a biconcave lens element G3L3 having a negative refractive power and a biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power, and a biconvex lens element G3L5 having a positive refractive power. The lens-element group encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first biconvex lens element G3L1, which is embodied with aspherical surfaces on both sides, and the second concavo-convex lens element G3L2.
[0077] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first biconvex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power and a second biconcave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power, which are joined together as a cemented element having overall a negative refractive power, and a convexo-concave lens element G5L3 having a positive refractive power that is disposed downstream in the light direction and is embodied with aspherical surfaces on both sides. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0078] In the case of the lens with a focal length of 35 mm and a maximum aperture number of 2 as illustrated in
[0079] A second and a fourth lens-element group G2 and G4 have a positive refractive power and are displaced simultaneously for focusing along the lines indicated underneath. Both focusing elements are embodied as single lens elements, wherein both the focusing front group G2 and the focusing back group G4 are biconvex lens elements.
[0080] Arranged between the focusing elements is a stationary central group G3 as a lens-element group having a positive total refractive power, which in the light direction consists of a biconcave lens element G3L1 having a negative refractive power, a biconvex lens element G3L2 having a positive refractive power, a lens-element doublet G3L3/G3L4 having a positive total refractive power, consisting of a biconcave lens element G3L3 having a negative refractive power and a biconvex lens element G3L4 having a positive refractive power, and a biconvex lens element G3L5 having a positive refractive power. The lens-element group encloses an aperture stop (iris diaphragm) AP between the first biconcave lens element G3L1, which is embodied with aspherical surfaces on both sides, and the second biconvex lens element G3L2.
[0081] The back lens-element group G5, which is likewise stationary, has overall a negative refractive power and consists of a first concavo-convex lens element G5L1 having a positive refractive power and a second biconcave lens element G5L2 having a negative refractive power, which are joined together as a lens-element doublet (cemented element) having overall a negative refractive power, and a second concavo-convex lens element G5L3 having a negative refractive power that is disposed downstream in the light direction. The concave lens-element surface of the second concavo-convex lens element G5L3 has an aspherical surface on its concave side. The imaging is carried out onto an imaging plane IM.
[0082] In the case of the circular imaging plane IM illustrated schematically in
[0083] Generally, in the case of the lens-element sections, the lens-element surfaces identified by an * are embodied as aspherically curved.
[0084] The lens-element sections in the drawing are illustrated to scale, such that relative indications, such as e.g. the material thickness in the case of the lens element G1L1 in
[0085] In all lens variants, the five lens-element groups described and illustrated individually represent a specifically necessary, self-contained constituent. Each of the lens-element groups can be optically tuned by itself, which is expressed in particular by the ratio of focal length specified for each lens-element group to the total focal length.
[0086] Concrete exemplary embodiments are evident from the tables below for lenses with a focal length of 21 mm, 24 mm, 35 mm and 50 mm with a maximum aperture number of 2 and a lens with a focal length of 35 mm and a maximum aperture number of 1.4, wherein the focal lengths are in each case relative to the full-frame format (43.3 mm image circle diameter).
TABLE-US-00001 FIG. 1 1:2 21 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.51872 63.96 0.012 15.5 G1L2 1.48914 70.22 0.023 13.9 G1L3 1.85504 23.59 0.153 3.1 G1L4 1.48914 70.22 0.023 G2 1.88815 40.52 0.107 13.0 G3 G3L1 1.85504 23.59 0.153 13.1 G3L2 1.49845 81.15 0.240 21.0 G3L3 1.72539 34.47 0.092 2.1 G3L4 1.49845 81.15 0.240 G3L5 1.49845 81.15 0.240 19.1 G4 1.62033 63.02 0.082 13.8 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 19.5 G5L2 1.72539 34.47 0.092 G5L3 1.58547 59.11 0.010 6.0
TABLE-US-00002 FIG. 2 1:2 24 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.48914 70.22 0.023 15.3 G1L2 1.85504 23.59 0.153 14.9 G1L3 1.48914 70.22 0.023 32.7 G2 1.88815 40.52 0.107 11.1 G3 G3L1 1.90958 30.78 0.037 6.2 G3L2 1.49845 81.15 0.240 13.6 G3L3 1.72539 34.47 0.092 2.8 G3L4 1.49845 81.15 0.240 G3L5 1.49845 81.15 0.240 21.1 G4 1.62033 63.02 0.082 12.5 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 29.4 G5L2 2.01169 28.07 0.054 G5L3 1.58547 59.13 0.003 5.5
TABLE-US-00003 FIG. 3 1:2 35 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.85504 23.59 0.153 11.1 G1L2 1.51872 63.96 0.012 23.1 G1L3 1.62409 36.00 0.001 13.0 G2 1.88815 40.52 0.107 17.6 G3 G3L1 1.69417 30.83 0.038 13.1 G3L2 1.62033 63.02 0.082 22.3 G3L3 1.65222 33.53 0.022 2.0 G3L4 1.49845 81.15 0.240 G3L5 1.49845 81.15 0.240 12.5 G4 1.60520 65.16 0.072 14.7 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 16.9 G5L2 1.65803 39.46 0.119 G5L3 1.69661 52.97 0.069 2.0
TABLE-US-00004 FIG. 4 1:2 50 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.85504 23.59 0.153 9.0 G1L2 1.62409 36.00 0.001 15.5 G1L3 1.85500 23.69 0.172 11.0 G2 1.88815 40.52 0.107 16.5 G3 G3L1 1.51872 63.96 0.012 4.5 G3L2 1.72539 34.47 0.092 0.9 G3L3 1.60520 65.16 0.072 14.5 G3L4 1.60520 65.16 0.072 G4 1.60520 65.16 0.072 15.2 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 12.7 G5L2 1.62409 36.00 0.001 12.4 G5L3 1.62409 36.00 0.001
TABLE-US-00005 FIG. 5 1:1.4 35 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.48914 70.22 0.023 8.9 G1L2 2.01169 28.07 0.054 G1L3 1.49845 81.15 0.240 16.1 G2 1.88815 40.52 0.107 6.8 G3 G3L1 1.67765 31.85 0.042 19.6 G3L2 1.85504 23.59 0.153 6.7 G3L3 1.62033 63.02 0.082 19.2 G3L4 1.73429 28.23 0.074 2.8 G3L5 1.49845 81.15 0.240 G3L6 1.49845 81.15 0.240 11.7 G4 1.62033 63.02 0.082 7.8 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 19.1 G5L2 1.85504 23.59 0.153 21.8 G5L3 1.69417 30.83 0.038 6.5
TABLE-US-00006 FIG. 6 1:2 21 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.48914 70.22 0.023 19.8 G1L2 1.85504 23.59 0.153 16.3 G1L3 1.48914 70.22 0.023 32.6 G2 1.49845 81.15 0.240 6.0 G3 G3L1 1.62287 60.03 0.011 24.9 G3L2 1.92336 31.38 0.064 12.5 G3L3 1.65803 39.46 0.119 2.0 G3L4 1.62033 63.02 0.082 G3L5 1.49845 81.15 0.240 18.1 G4 1.62033 63.02 0.082 20.7 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 35.2 G5L2 2.01169 28.07 0.054 G5L3 1.58547 59.11 0.010 10.9
TABLE-US-00007 FIG. 7 1:2 35 mm Refractive index ne Abbe number ve SCD Refractive power [dpt.] G1 G1L1 1.85504 23.59 0.153 11.1 G1L2 1.51872 63.96 0.012 22.7 G1L3 1.62409 36.00 0.001 13.1 G2 1.88815 40.52 0.107 17.6 G3 G3L1 1.69417 30.83 0.038 15.3 G3L2 1.62033 63.02 0.082 20.5 G3L3 1.65222 33.53 0.022 3.1 G3L4 1.49845 81.15 0.240 G3L5 1.49845 81.15 0.240 11.0 G4 1.60520 65.16 0.072 14.7 G5 G5L1 1.93429 18.74 0.553 18.2 G5L2 1.65803 39.46 0.119 G5L3 1.69661 52.97 0.069 0.6