Downhole hydraulic pump

Abstract

The present invention relates to a downhole hydraulic pump for providing fluid pressure during downhole operations, comprising a pump housing, a cam shaft rotatably arranged in the pump housing and having a longitudinal spin axis, the cam shaft comprising a shaft and a cam lobe arranged on the shaft, a radially arranged piston having a housing end and a cam end, a piston housing arranged in the pump housing, an inlet valve arranged in an inlet in the piston housing, an outlet valve arranged in an outlet in the piston housing, and a piston spring arranged in the pump housing for moving the piston away from the piston housing, wherein the piston housing is rotatably connected to the pump housing enabling rotation of the piston housing around a piston housing rotation axis parallel to the longitudinal spin axis of the cam shaft.

Claims

1. A downhole hydraulic pump for providing fluid power during downhole operations, comprising: a pump housing configured to be placed downhole in a borehole, a cam shaft rotatably arranged in the pump housing and having a longitudinal spin axis, the cam shaft comprising a shaft and a cam lobe arranged on the shaft, a radially arranged piston having a housing end and a cam end, a piston housing arranged in the pump housing, an inlet valve arranged in an inlet in the piston housing, an outlet valve arranged in an outlet in the piston housing, and a piston spring arranged in the pump housing for moving the piston away from the piston housing, a channel formed in a pump body in the pump housing and including a longitudinal channel axis disposed parallel to the longitudinal spin axis, wherein the piston housing is rotatably connected to the pump housing, enabling rotation of the piston housing around a piston housing rotation axis parallel to but offset from the longitudinal spin axis of the cam shaft, wherein the piston is configured to pump fluid into the channel and along the longitudinal channel axis.

2. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein a clearance distance between a piston side wall and an inner wall of the piston housing is below ten micrometers in width.

3. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, furthermore comprising a bearing arranged between the cam shaft and the cam end of the piston.

4. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, comprising a set of pistons, piston housings, inlet valves, outlet valves and piston springs arranged in the pump housing and having a mutual distance along the longitudinal spin axis.

5. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of pistons, a plurality of piston housings, a plurality of inlet valves, a plurality of outlet valves and a plurality of piston springs, wherein a set comprises one piston, one piston housing, one inlet valve, one outlet valve and one piston spring, the downhole hydraulic pump comprising a plurality of sets arranged in the pump housing and having a mutual distance along the longitudinal spin axis, each set being arranged symmetrically in an asterisk shape, substantially radially away from the longitudinal spin axis.

6. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet valves are one-way valves.

7. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, further comprising an accumulating unit in fluid connection with the plurality of outlet valves.

8. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the cam lobe having two cam lobe end faces further comprises at least one hollow section providing a fluid communication channel between said cam lobe end faces.

9. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing having two pump housing end faces further comprises at least one hollow section providing a fluid communication channel between said pump housing end faces.

10. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of indentations in the pump housing, the indentations having a form corresponding to a neighbouring movable part comprised within the pump housing.

11. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the piston housing is rotatably suspended in the pump housing.

12. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the piston housing is rotatably attached to the pump housing in a first end of the piston housing by arranging the inlet valve in a cylindrical groove in the pump housing, suspended by a rotatable ring-shaped seal in one end, and attaching an opposite end of the inlet valve in the piston housing and in a second end of the piston housing by arranging the outlet valve in a cylindrical groove in the pump housing and suspended by a rotatable ring-shaped seal in one end and attaching an opposite end of the outlet valve in the piston housing.

13. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the piston spring has a spring constant exceeding 2000 N/m.

14. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of grooves along an outer surface of the pump housing.

15. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet valves are fixedly connected with the pump housing or the piston housing.

16. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 15, wherein the inlet and outlet valves are fixedly connected with the pump housing or the piston housing by a fixed ring-shaped valve seal.

17. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 15, wherein the inlet and/or outlet valves are integral parts of the pump housing or the piston housing.

18. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet valves are non-fixedly connected with the pump housing or the piston housings.

19. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 18, wherein the inlet and outlet valves are non-fixedly connected with the pump housing or the piston housing by non-fixed ring-shaped valve seals.

20. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet and outlet valves are fixedly connected with the pump housing, and the inlet and outlet valves are non-fixedly connected with the piston housing.

21. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing is cylindrical in shape.

22. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein a rotational force of the shaft is transferred to the piston by the cam lobe to move the piston into the piston housing.

23. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the inlet and the outlet are aligned and disposed along an axis parallel to the longitudinal spin axis such that, in use, hydraulic fluid flows through both the inlet and the outlet in a direction parallel to the longitudinal spin axis.

24. A downhole hydraulic pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing comprises a housing outlet with an axis parallel to the longitudinal spin axis.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention and its many advantages will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which for the purpose of illustration show some non-limiting embodiments and in which

(2) FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a downhole hydraulic pump,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a cam shaft,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a twelve piston configuration of a downhole hydraulic pump without a pump housing,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a twelve piston configuration of a downhole hydraulic pump without a pump housing,

(6) FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional illustration of a pump housing,

(7) FIG. 6 shows the pump housing in perspective,

(8) FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a piston and a piston housing, and

(9) FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the downhole hydraulic pump.

(10) All the figures are highly schematic and not necessarily to scale, and they show only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, other parts being omitted or merely suggested.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(11) FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a downhole hydraulic pump for providing fluid power during downhole operations. The hydraulic pump comprises a pump housing 2 and a cam shaft 3 rotatably arranged in the pump housing 2 and having a longitudinal spin axis A1. The cam shaft comprises a shaft 4 and a cam lobe 5 arranged on the shaft for moving a radially arranged piston 6 having a housing end 6a and a cam end 6b in a piston housing 7 arranged in the pump housing. A piston spring 10 is arranged in the pump housing between the piston housing 7 and the piston, forcing the piston to move in a direction towards the cam lobe. In this way, the cam lobe forces the piston in the direction of the piston housing, and the spring serves to move the piston in the opposite direction.

(12) The term fluid power will be used throughout the text to define power transmitted by a controlled circulation of pressurised fluid to a motor or another unit that converts the fluid power into a mechanical output capable of doing work on a load. Fluid power is therefore a function of pressure as well as velocity of the hydraulic fluid.

(13) The piston housing 7 has an inlet valve 8 arranged in an inlet of the piston housing 7 and an outlet valve 9 arranged in an outlet of the piston housing. The piston arranged in the piston housing encloses a volume. The valves are one-way valves, and when the cam lobe 5 moves the piston 6 into the piston housing 7, the volume is decreased and fluid in the volume is forced out through the outlet valve 9 into outlet channels 30. Further, when the cam moves away from the piston housing 7, the spring ensures that the piston 6 follows the cam shaft 3 in the opposite direction and that the volume increases, thereby letting fluid in through the inlet valve 8. In this way, a rotational force of the cam shaft is transferred to pumping fluid into outlet channels 30 to activate an operational tool connected to the pump.

(14) The piston housing is rotatably connected to the pump housing, enabling rotation of the piston housing 7 around a piston housing rotation axis A2 parallel to the longitudinal spin axis A1 of the shaft 4. The hydraulic pump 1 may further comprise an accumulating unit 13 in fluid connection with the plurality of outlet valves 9 for collecting the pressurised fluid generated in all the piston housings 7. The hydraulic pump 1 may further comprise a filter 76 arranged upstream of, and in fluid connection with, the plurality of inlet valves 8 for filtering any unwanted coarse particles from the hydraulic fluid entering the piston housing 7. A filter 76 significantly reduces wear of the hydraulic pump 1.

(15) The piston housings are arranged rotatably connected to the pump housing, as shown in FIG. 1, by means of the inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 acting as hinges or fixtures between the pump housing 2 and the piston housings 7. The movable attachment of the inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 to the piston housing is facilitated by a ring-shaped valve seal 11, such as provided by an O-ring, which in addition seals an interior of the inlet and outlet valves from an exterior. Since the interior of the inlet valve is fluidly connected to an inlet channel 31 of the pump housing 2, the valve seals 11 ensure that a hydraulic fluid circulating in the inlet channel of the hydraulic pump 1 enters the interior of the piston housing 7.

(16) By using inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 and connecting them rotatably to the piston housing 7 and pump housing by valve seals 11 such as O-rings, both the rotation of the piston housings and the sealing of the inside of the piston housings 7 and the inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 are provided, and additional bearings are avoided.

(17) FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a cam shaft 3 where the cam lobe 5 extends in the longitudinal direction between a first and a second cam end face 5a, 5b and comprises one or more cavities 5c providing channels through the cam from the first cam end face 5a to the second cam end face 5b. This allows fluid to flow through the cavity/cavities 5c from one side of the cam to the other. Since the fluid from the operational tool to which the pump supplies fluid is often led back through the downhole hydraulic pump, i.e. a backflow of hydraulic fluid in the pump, to the inlet valves through an interior of the pump, the backflow may be maximised by having such channels. Furthermore, the cavities 5c have an additional advantage, namely that they are able to lower the mass of the cam lobe 5. By lowering the mass of the cam, the energy required to rotate the mass of the cam is minimised, which may be advantageous, especially during acceleration and deceleration. Furthermore, the imbalance effects from the rotating cam shaft are further minimised. The cam shaft 3 is rotated around the longitudinal spin axis A1 by means of a motor, and the motor is thus used more efficiently for pressurising the hydraulic fluid.

(18) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a twelve piston configuration of a downhole hydraulic pump where the pump housing has been left out to be able to see a configuration of the pistons 6, piston housings 7, inlet/outlet valves 8, 9 and piston springs 10 between the cam shaft 3 and the piston housings. The configuration shown in FIG. 3 comprises twelve pistons 6 and twelve piston housings 7. During use, the cam shaft 3 rotates around the longitudinal spin axis A1 due to an external rotational force applied to the shaft 4, typically by an electrical motor, not shown, powered by electricity from the surface, not shown, or from a battery, not shown. The rotational force of the shaft is transferred to the pistons by the cam lobe 5, resulting in a reciprocating motion of the pistons 6 guided by the piston housings 7. FIG. 3 shows a plurality of piston springs 10 ensuring that the plurality of pistons is forced towards the cam of the cam shaft 3 at all times. In order for the hydraulic pump to function as intended, the pistons need to be pushed back towards the cam shaft since a negative pressure may exist in the interior of the piston housing due to the decrease of the volume. Furthermore, the hydraulic pump 1 may operate at very high rotational speeds, which makes it critical to the efficiency of the pump that the pistons 6 continue to keep in contact with the cam lobe 5 to ensure that the full pumping volume is obtained. At elevated revolution rates, the piston springs therefore need to have a high spring constant to keep up with the fast rotation. As shown in FIG. 3, the piston housings 7 have a first and a second end, and the inlet and outlet valves are arranged so that they cause a fluid flow in the first ends of the piston housings while a piston moves in the second ends of the piston housings. Thus, the openings 41 of the piston housing for letting fluid in and out of the housing are arranged close to the bottom of the piston housing 40, the piston housing being open so that the piston moves in and out of the piston housing towards and away from the bottom 40 of the housing.

(19) The piston may alternatively be constituted by a more conventional piston and rod arrangement known from the art, which may lower a mass of the piston and may lower the resistance of the piston during movement in the piston housing.

(20) FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a twelve piston configuration of a hydraulic pump 1. The cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction shown in FIG. 4 demonstrates how a plurality of sets of pistons may be arranged around the cam shaft 3. In this configuration, each set of pistons consists of three pistons arranged in a mutual piston angle (v1, v2, v3) of 120 degrees. In this configuration, four sets of three pistons have been arranged in a mutual piston set angle (v4) of 30 degrees. By shifting each set of pistons 30 degrees, the piston housings are allowed to overlap in the longitudinal direction, thus rendering it possible to decrease the overall extension of the pump in the longitudinal direction. In order to decrease the frictional forces between cam and pistons, a bearing, such as a needle bearing 14, is arranged around the cam lobe 5. To be able to arrange a needle bearing 14 around the cam, the cam lobe 5 may be an eccentric cylinder. In this way, the cam may freely rotate within the bearing, minimising transverse frictional forces between an outer surface of the cam 5d and the cam end of the pistons 6.

(21) FIG. 5 shows a schematic drawing of the pistons and cam shafts of one set of three pistons. Since the cam is positioned eccentrically relative to the longitudinal spin axis of the cam shaft, the pistons seek to engage the cam in a direction close to the center of rotation of the cam rather than the center of the shaft. Thus, the point of application 35 in which the force of the cam is transferred to the piston is always closer to the centre axis 33 of the piston so that the piston is not forced to move along a radial direction 34. In prior art pumps, the point of application is displaced from the centre axis 33 of the piston since the piston housing is not able to rotate towards a more optimal position with a more optimal point of application. Therefore, the ability of the piston housing to rotate around a piston housing rotation axis A2 allows the piston to engage the cam in a more optimal position, as shown in FIG. 5, which in turn increases the efficiency of the pump and reduces wear of the piston, the piston housing and the cam. When the cam shaft 3 is rotating, the pistons and piston housings will exert a rocking motion back and forth between two extreme positions.

(22) FIG. 6 shows a pump housing with a plurality of grooves, indents and carvings, explained below, all adapted to accommodate the moving parts shown in FIGS. 1-4, being the piston housing, the spring, the cam shaft and the piston. The pump housing 2 shown in FIG. 6 accommodates twelve pistons 6 in four sets of three pistons, as described above. The four sets of piston housings are accommodated in four sets of grooves (18a, 19a, 20a, 21a) having a mutual distance in the longitudinal direction of the pump housing 2. A first set of grooves 18a accommodates a first set of piston housings 18c, the piston housings 18c being attached to the pump housing 2 by means of the inlet and outlet valves 18b in a set of cylindrical grooves 18d in the pump housing 2, and mutadis mutandis for the three remaining sets of grooves (19a, 20a, 21a), inlet and outlet valves (19b, 20b, 21b), piston housings (19c, 20c, 21c) and cylindrical grooves (19d, 20d, 21d).

(23) The pump housing has two pump housing end faces and at least one hollow section providing a fluid communication channel between the pump housing end faces. The pump housing may include a plurality of indentations, the indentations having a form corresponding to a neighboring movable part comprised within the pump housing, such as the piston, the piston housing, and/or the piston spring. The pump housing may further comprise a plurality of grooves along an outer surface of the pump housing.

(24) The hydraulic pump 1 pumps the hydraulic fluid towards other downhole tools requiring hydraulic power during downhole operations. Typically, the hydraulic fluid is led back to the hydraulic pump 1 in a closed loop since operational time would otherwise be very limited since normally only small volumes of hydraulic oil are available in a downhole tool string. In such a closed loop of the hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic fluid is advantageously led back through an interior 37 of the pump due to the special limitations downhole. In this way, the interior 37 of the pump acts as a hydraulic fluid tank. Having this type of arrangement, however, requires that the flow through the interior 37 is not limited so that the pump is limited by the hydraulic flow back to the inlet valves 8. Therefore, the interior 37 has to be optimised for flow conditions through the pump housing. An additional advantage of such an arrangement is the constant lubrication of the moving parts inside the interior 37 by the hydraulic fluid.

(25) The function of the piston spring 10 is to oppose the force from the cam trying to push the piston towards the piston housing. The piston springs 10 may, for convenience, be arranged alternatively to the embodiments shown in the figures, such as inside the piston or inside the piston housing and still fulfill the purpose of the spring.

(26) The inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 may be one-way ball valves. To improve the responsiveness of the ball valves, very light balls 8a may preferably be used. Especially during very high rotational speeds, the weight of the balls might become a limiting factor to the efficiency of the pump since the balls cannot be moved quickly enough within the ball valve. For the purpose of having a very light ball, ceramic materials are very useful due to the combination of weight and durability. Since ceramic materials are very durable and very light, such materials may advantageously be used for the ball valves.

(27) The cam shaft 3 is connected to a rotational shaft 42 of a motor and suspended in a set of cam shaft bearings 39, such as ball bearings, to ensure a smooth rotation of the cam shaft 3 with little friction.

(28) The cam shaft bearings 39 may be locked with locking rings (not shown), again to provide more open space in the interior 37 to minimise the resistance of the backflow of hydraulic fluid through the pump housing.

(29) The compactness of the hydraulic pump 1 with overlapping sets of piston housings allows for a very short pump shaft in the longitudinal direction. A short pump shaft, i.e. a short length of the cam and cam shaft, provides the ability to have a thin and strong shaft, since again, the dimension is essential for the versatility in downhole equipment. Furthermore, the symmetry of the pump provides a constant force on the cam shaft.

(30) FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a piston and a piston housing. The pistons and piston housings may preferably be made with a very small clearance distance D1 between an outer surface of the piston 43 and an inner surface of the piston housing 44. The clearance distance may also be termed a diametrical clearance distance (D1) since refers to the difference between the inner diameter of the piston housing and the outer diameter of the piston. Preferably, the clearance distance D1 may be smaller than ten micrometers, which may be achieved by manufacturing techniques such as honing. Having a clearance distance D1 this small will keep the leak through the gap acceptable and avoid further sealing of the piston housing to prevent oil from escaping the inside of the piston housing through the clearance distance D1.

(31) FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the hydraulic pump 1. The piston housings are arranged rotatably connected to the pump housing, as also shown in FIG. 1, by means of the inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 acting as hinges between the pump housing 2 and the piston housings 7. The movable attachment of the inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 to the piston housing 7 is facilitated by a ring-shaped valve seal 11a, 11b, such as provided by an O-ring, which in addition seals an interior of the inlet and outlet valves from an exterior. A given inlet valve 8 or outlet valve 9 may be fixedly connected to either the pump housing 2 or the piston housing 7 by a fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a and be rotatably connected to the other of the pump housing 2 or the piston housing 7 by a non-fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11b. By using a valve having both a fixed and a non-fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a, lib for fixation of the piston housing 7 to the pump housing 2, the wear on the fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a may be minimised while still maintaining the ability of the piston housing 7 to rotate around the piston housing rotation axis. The non-fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a may comprise a steel washer combined with an O-ring to ensure low friction between the valve 8, 9 and the piston housing 7. The use of a steel washer improves movability of the piston housing 7, however, the contact between the steel washer and piston housing increases wear on the piston housing. Therefore, in order to improve the lifespan of the pump to counter the increased wear on the piston housing, the piston housing may be hardened after production. If the valve 8, 9 is non-fixedly connected in both ends by a non-fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a, increased wear on the pump housing 2 also occurs. Increased wear on the pump housing is a more severe problem since hardening of the entire pump housing is a much more expensive and difficult task. Hardening represents not only a hardening of the material but also a minor change in the dimensions of the material. This minor change in dimensions has to be accounted for in the dimensioning of the pump housing before hardening so that the pump housing has the right dimensions after hardening. As seen in e.g. FIG. 6, the pump housing 2 is a complicated structure, and controlled hardening is therefore difficult and expensive. Hardening of the piston housings 7 is less complicated, simply because the piston housings 7 are smaller and less complex than the pump housing 2. By fixing the inlet and outlet valves 8, 9 with a non-fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a towards the piston housing 7 and a fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11b towards the pump housing 2, the problems mentioned above may be overcome. Alternatively, the inlet and/or outlet valves 8, 9 may be an integral part of the pump housing 2 and still be provided with only one non-fixed ring-shaped valve seal 11a to provide a rotatable piston fixture.

(32) Thus, in order to decrease the wear of moving parts in the downhole hydraulic pump, the inlet and outlet valves may be fixedly connected with either the pump housing or the piston housings, but not necessarily both. By only non-fixedly connecting the inlet and outlet valves with the pump housing or the piston housings in one end of the inlet and outlet valves, the piston housing may still be rotated around an axis, and the wear of the pump may be decreased in the fixed end of the inlet and outlet valves.

(33) The inlet and outlet valves may be fixedly connected to the pump housing or the piston housings by application of e.g. a fixed ring-shaped valve seal or a welded connection. In some embodiments of the invention, the inlet and outlet valves may be an integral part of the pump housing or piston housing.

(34) Although the invention has been described in the above in connection with preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be evident for a person skilled in the art that several modifications are conceivable without departing from the invention as defined by the following claims.