Heat recovery steam generator and power plant

Abstract

According to the embodiment of the present invention, there are provided a first stage auxiliary burner configured to heat up the exhaust gas in the upstream side of the superheater, a second stage auxiliary burner configured to heat up the exhaust gas in the upstream side of the evaporator, a fuel supply system configured to distribute fuel so as to be supplied to the first stage auxiliary burner and the second stage auxiliary burner. Distribution of fuel charged to each of the first stage auxiliary burner and the second stage auxiliary burner is controlled in accordance with a predetermined distribution ratio of each charging quantity to whole charging quantity in all the range thereof.

Claims

1. A method of generating steam, comprising: providing a heat recovery steam generator, the heat recovery steam generator comprising: a duct, in which an exhaust gas from a gas turbine is configured to flow; a superheater, an evaporator and an economizer disposed in the duct along a flow direction of the exhaust gas; a first auxiliary burner disposed at an upstream side of the superheater; and a second auxiliary burner disposed at the upstream side of the evaporator and at a downstream side of the superheater, introducing the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine in the duct of the heat recovery steam generator; distributing fuel to at least one of the first auxiliary burner and the second auxiliary burner in accordance with a predetermined distribution ratio of quantities of the fuel to be distributed to at least one of the first auxiliary burner and the second auxiliary burner, wherein, in the distributing, the quantity of the fuel to the second auxiliary burner is increased with an increase in a steam amount generated in the heat recovery steam generator in a first charging quantity region, and the quantity of the fuel to the first auxiliary burner is kept constant to maintain a pilot flame in a second charging quantity region where the steam amount is greater than that in the first charging quantity region and a degree of superheating of steam in the superheater is higher than a predetermined superheating degree.

2. A method of operating a power plant, comprising: generating steam according to claim 1 by operating the gas turbine to discharge the exhaust gas; and operating a steam turbine with the steam.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a power plant including a heat recovery steam generator in an embodiment according to the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the heat recovery steam generator in the embodiment according to the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 is a graph showing variation in fuel distribution to auxiliary burners in the heat recovery steam generator in the embodiment according to the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(4) An embodiment of a heat recovery steam generator and a power plant according to the present invention will be described herebelow with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(5) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the power plant of a combined-cycle type to which the heat recovery steam generator in this embodiment is applied.

(6) In FIG. 1, the reference numeral 10 denotes a generator, the reference numeral 12 denotes a steam turbine and 14 denotes a gas turbine. The reference numeral 16 denotes the heat recovery steam generator.

(7) The generator 10 is connected to the steam turbine 12 by a drive shaft 18 in common to the gas turbine 14. An air compressor 20 is coupled to the drive shaft 18. The air compressor 20 compresses air A sucked from the outside, and supplies a combustor 22 with the air A of high temperature and high pressure. In the combustor 22, the compressed air is mixed with fuel which is supplied from a fuel line 24 to burn up, so that combustion gas of high temperature and high pressure is supplied to the gas turbine 14. Due to the expansion of combustion gas, a turbine in the gas turbine 14 is driven in rotation, whereby the generator 10 is operated. Exhaust gas 25, discharged from the gas turbine 14, is led to the heat recovery steam generator 16 through an exhaust duct 26.

(8) As shown in FIG. 1, inside a duct 27 in the heat recovery steam generator 16, four types of heat exchangers, i.e., a high-temperature superheater 28, a low-temperature superheater 30, an evaporator 32 and an economizer 34 are installed from upstream to downstream in order along the flow direction of the exhaust gas 25 discharged from the gas turbine 14. The evaporator 32 is provided with a steam drum 36. The economizer 34 heats up a boiler feed water by exhaust gas 25 and then supplies water to the steam drum 36. The steam drum 36 separates water from the saturated steam generated in the evaporator 32. Inside of the steam drum 36, a water level is maintained at a predetermined level, such that water and the saturated steam are well balanced. The evaporator 32 is recharged with water which is separated from the saturated steam in the steam drum 36.

(9) The saturated steam inside the steam drum 36 is transferred to the low-temperature superheater 30 through a saturated steam pipe 38. The saturated steam is superheated in the low-temperature superheater 30 and is then transferred to the high-temperature superheater 28. Steam is further superheated in the high-temperature superheater 28. A desuperheater 40 for regulating steam temperature is installed between the low-temperature superheater 30 and the high-temperature superheater 28.

(10) An outlet pipe 42 is connected to a outlet of the high-temperature superheater 28. The steam superheated by the high-temperature superheater 28 is transferred to the steam turbine 12 through the outlet pipe 42. The steam turbine 12 is rotated by the expansion of the superheated steam. The expanded steam is transferred to a condenser 43 to turn into water. Then, the water, passing through a condensate return pipe 45 by a condensate pump (not shown), is pressurized by a feed water pump 46. Thereafter, water is returned to the economizer 34. Fuel supply pipes 54 and 55, which respectively supply fuel to auxiliary burners 50 and 52, branch from the fuel line 24.

(11) In the heat recovery steam generator 16 in this embodiment, the auxiliary burners 50 and 52 are installed on the locations, as described below.

(12) The first stage auxiliary burner 50 is located on the most upstream position in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 25. In the case of the heat recovery steam generator 16 in this embodiment, the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is installed on the upstream side relative to the high-temperature superheater 28. In the first stage auxiliary burner 50, there are disposed a plurality of burners 51 so as to face toward the high-temperature superheater 28 on the downstream position. The first fuel supply pipe 54 is provided with a fuel regulating valve 56 and a fuel shut off valve 57. Thus, the fuel regulating valve 56 controls the quantity of fuel to be burned in the burners 51 by regulating a valve opening of the fuel regulating valve 56. To cease the operation of the burners 51, the fuel shut off valve 57 is closed.

(13) The second stage auxiliary burner 52 is located on the downstream side of the first stage auxiliary burner 50. In the case of this embodiment, the second stage auxiliary burner 52 is located on the upstream side of the evaporator 32. In the second stage auxiliary burner 52, there are disposed a plurality of burners 53 so as to face toward the evaporator 32 which is located on the position downstream thereof. The second fuel supply pipe 55 is provided with a fuel regulating valve 58 that regulates the quantity of fuel, and a fuel shut off valve 59 that is closed when the operation of the burners 53 are suspended.

(14) In FIG. 2, the reference numeral 60 denotes a control unit that controls the operation of ignition and extinction of the first and second auxiliary burners 50, 52 and a flow rate of fuel to be charged to the first and second auxiliary burners 50, 52. The flow rate of fuel flowing through the fuel line 24 is detected by a flowmeter 62 and is inputted to the control unit 60. As shown in FIG. 3, a distribution ratio of the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and second stage auxiliary burner 52 is predetermined. Based on the fuel distribution ratio relationship, the control unit 60 is configured to regulate the opening of the fuel regulating valves 56 and 58 respectively, so as to control the fuel flow rate to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52.

(15) The heat recovery steam generator in this embodiment is as structured above. Next, the operation and the effect thereof will be described hereafter.

(16) At first, the operation of the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the operation of the second stage auxiliary burner 52 are described.

(17) The second stage auxiliary burner 52 is installed on the upstream side of the evaporator 32. Thus, when the exhaust gas 25 is heated by flames spurted from the burners 53, as a whole, evaporation amount in the evaporator 32 can be increased.

(18) In contrast, the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is installed on the upstream side of the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30. Thus, when the exhaust gas 25 is heated by flames spurted from the burners 51, a degree of superheating of steam generated in the high-temperature super heater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30 can be increased.

(19) Process of controlling the fuel distribution to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52 will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

(20) In FIG. 3, the abscissa of the graph shows the sum total of charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52, and the ordinate of the graph shows the charging quantity of fuel to each of auxiliary burner 50 and 52. The polygonal line A shows a variation in the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50, and the polygonal line B shows a variation in the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52. Since the abscissa is the sum total of charging quantity of fuel, the sum of gradient values of the line A and the line B equals to 1.

(21) In proportion to increase in the charging quantity of fuel, fuel is distributed between the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52, in the manner as described below.

(22) In FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the distribution pattern is divided into three regions, i.e., a small charging quantity region, a intermediate charging quantity region and a large charging quantity region, where fuel charging quantity differ from one another in distribution pattern.

(23) Firstly, while the heat recovery steam generator 16 is operated without setting fire to the auxiliary burners 50 and 52, it happens that the quantity of steam in the steam turbine 12 comes short. In this case, in order to increase the quantity of steam to be supplied to the steam turbine 12, the burners 53 in the second stage auxiliary burner 52 are set fire and the charging quantity of fuel thereto is increased (line segment b1). In a case where both of the second stage auxiliary burner 52 and the first stage auxiliary burner 50 are fired from the beginning and the charging quantity of fuel thereto are simultaneously increased, or the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is fired prior to the ignition of the second stage auxiliary burner 52 and the charging quantity of fuel thereto is increased, the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30 may be excessively superheated by exhaust gas of high temperature, in spite of a insufficient quantity of steam. The temperature of steam at the generator outlet is controlled by the desuperheater 40 provided between the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30. When steam is excessively superheated, a spray flow rate in the desuperheater 40 may become superfluous and/or water induction to the low-temperature superheater 30 and the high-temperature superheater 28 may have some trouble. Taking these drawbacks into consideration, setting fire on the second stage auxiliary burner 52 and the feeding of fuel thereto are started precedently, and the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is suspended in the small charging quantity region.

(24) As shown by the line segment b1 in FIG. 3, in the small charging quantity region, the control unit 60 linearly increases the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 at a constant rate, upon a request of increase in steam flow rate. Since the firepower of the burners 53 increases in accordance with increasing in the charging quantity of fuel, quantity of steam in the evaporator 32 increases by means of the exhaust gas 25 heated by the burners 53. Steam from the evaporator 32 is fed to the low-temperature superheater 30, the high-temperature superheater 28 in order. In the superheaters 30 and 28, steam is superheated by the exhaust gas 25 discharged from the gas turbine 14. Then, the superheated seam is supplied to the steam turbine 12.

(25) At this moment, since the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is suspended, there is no possibility that steam is excessively superheated in the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30. And superfluous spraying in the desuperheater 40 that controls steam temperature can be prevented. Thus, the steam temperature can be appropriately controlled. In the heat recovery steam generator 16 in this operating stage, increase in the amount of steam to be supplied to the steam turbine 12 is not so large. While the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is suspended, the second stage auxiliary burner 52 can afford the amount of steam required by the steam turbine 12.

(26) As shown in FIG. 3, when the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 has reached a predetermined quantity, a fuel distribution control in the intermediate charging quantity region starts succeedingly.

(27) In the intermediate charging quantity region, the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is set fire, in addition to the second stage auxiliary burner 52. After the burners 51 have been fired, the charging quantity reaches a quantity necessary for producing pilot flames. After that, the charging quantity of fuel is maintained constant (line segment a1). Simultaneously, while the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 increases, the second stage auxiliary burner 52 is charged with fuel at a constant flow rate.

(28) For the purpose of increasing the amount of steam to be supplied to the steam turbine 12, the control unit 60 linearly increases the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 at a constant rate (line segment b2). Meanwhile, in the first stage auxiliary burner 50, the burners 51 are continuously burning in the manner to produce pilot flames.

(29) In the heat recovery steam generator 16 in this operating stage, the amount of steam evaporated in the evaporator 32 increases. However, without reheating by the first stage auxiliary burner 50, the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30 can sufficiently superheat steam by the exhaust gas 25. Depending on an operating condition of the power plant, there is a possibility that the steam temperature at the generator outlet goes down. If it is necessary to raise the degree of superheating of steam, by means of the pilot flames of the burners 51 in the first stage auxiliary burner 50, it is possible to promptly cope with the situation where the degree of superheating of steam should be raised.

(30) As shown in FIG. 3, when the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 has reached a predetermined quantity, control unit 60 succeedingly starts fuel distribution control in the large charging quantity region.

(31) In the large charging quantity region, for the purpose of increasing the amount of steam to be supplied to the steam turbine 12, the control unit 60 increases the charging quantity at a constant rate, to both of the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52.

(32) As shown by the line segment b3 in FIG. 3, due to the increase in the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52, the amount of steam generated in the evaporator 32 increases. In this case, unless the exhaust gas 25 is heated by the first stage auxiliary burner 50 in order to raise the temperature of the exhaust gas 25, steam is insufficiently superheated in the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30, whereby the steam temperature at the generator outlet might decrease.

(33) Accordingly, in the case where the steam temperature goes down, the charging quantity on fuel is increased at a constant rate as shown by the line segment a2 to build up the firepower of the burners 51 and raise the temperature of exhaust gas 25, while monitoring the steam temperature at the generator outlet. Succesively, the degree of superheating of steam in the high-temperature superheater 28 and the low-temperature superheater 30 can be raised.

(34) According to the embodiment, in the sum amount of the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52, the increasing rate of charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is set larger than the increasing rate to the second stage auxiliary burner 52. Thus, there is no possibility that the rise in the degree of superheating of steam cannot catch up with the increase in the amount of steam generated, whereby the relationship between the amount of steam generated and the steam temperature at the generator outlet can be kept appropriately. In addition, in view of the power plant as a whole, even when the amount of steam generated decreases because of the decrease in output of the gas turbine 14, the sufficient amount of steam at adequate temperature can be smoothly supplied, while increasing the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52. Note that the increasing rates of the charging quantity of fuel (gradients of the line segment a2 and the line segment b3) to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52 are taken by way of example, and are not limited thereto.

(35) In addition, as the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52 are not independently controlled, but the total amount of fuel is distributed in accordance with a certain ratio. Thus, when the charging quantity of fuel to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 is determined, the charging quantity of fuel to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 is simultaneously controlled in a correlative manner where the appropriate relationship between the amount of steam produced and the steam temperature. In this manner, the controlling system of fuel distribution to the first stage auxiliary burner 50 and the second stage auxiliary burner 52 can be achieved by such a simple system.

(36) The heat recovery steam generator according to the present invention has been described above by referring to the suitable embodiment. However, the embodiment is nothing more than an example, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Not limited to a steam turbine, the heat recovery steam generator of the present invention can be applied to a plant that supplies steam to a distilling plant, for example.