Cable jacket for an electrical or optical conductor

Abstract

A cable jacket for a conductor is disclosed having a flame-retardant insulation and a gas-permeable, heat-resistant outer casing. The flame-retardant insulation is positioned over the conductor so as to at least partially surround the conductor. The gas-permeable, heat-resistant outer casing surrounds the flame-retardant insulation.

Claims

1. A cable jacket for a conductor comprising: a flame-retardant insulation layer positioned on the conductor so as to at least partially surround the conductor, the insulation layer including an intumescent flame-retardant; and a gas-permeable, heat-resistant outer casing layer containing quartz and/or basalt that surrounds the flame-retardant insulation layer, the insulation layer and the outer casing layer being the only layers of the cable jacket.

2. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer is a flexible or resilient material.

3. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer includes a knitted fabric, a braided fabric or a woven fabric.

4. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer is constructed as a tube or a mat.

5. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer is produced from a quartz filament having a diameter of 5-15 m.

6. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer is produced from a quartz filament having a diameter of 8-12 m.

7. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer is produced from a quartz filament having a diameter of approximately 11 m.

8. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the insulation layer includes a mineral flame-retardant.

9. The cable jacket of claim 1, wherein the outer casing layer is an outermost layer disposed around the conductor.

10. The cable jacket of claim 9, wherein the outer casing layer directly abuts the insulation layer and the insulation layer directly abuts the conductor.

11. A construction kit for producing a cable connection or a cable joint, comprising: a cable jacket including a fire-retardant insulation layer disposed on a conductor, the insulation layer including an intumescent flame-retardant, and an outer casing layer disposed on the insulation layer, the outer casing layer produced from a gas-permeable, heat-resistant material and including quartz and/or basalt, the insulation layer and the outer casing layer being the only layers of the cable jacket.

12. The construction kit according to claim 11, wherein the outer casing layer is mechanically flexible or resilient in an assembled state.

13. The construction kit of claim 11, wherein the outer casing layer includes a knitted fabric, a braided fabric or a woven fabric.

14. The construction kit of claim 11, wherein the outer casing layer is constructed as a tube or a mat.

15. The construction kit of claim 11, wherein the outer casing layer is produced from a quartz filament having a diameter of 5-15 m.

16. The construction kit of claim 11, wherein the outer casing layer is produced from a quartz filament having a diameter of 8-12 m.

17. The construction kit of claim 11, wherein the outer casing layer is produced from a quartz filament having a diameter of approximately 11 m.

18. The construction kit of claim 11, wherein the insulation layer includes a mineral flame-retardant.

19. The construction kit of claim 11, further comprising an outer bushing formed of a shrinkable material surrounding the outer casing layer.

20. The construction kit of claim 11, further comprising a cable lug connected to an end of the conductor at a connection location, the insulation layer surrounding the connection location.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying Figures, of which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cable jacket;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cable jacket;

(4) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cable jacket;

(5) FIG. 4-1 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing a cable connection, where an electrical insulation is provided;

(6) FIG. 4-2 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing the cable connection, where an outer casing is pushed over a conductor;

(7) FIG. 4-3 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing the cable connection, where a hermetically sealing outer bushing is fitted;

(8) FIG. 4-4 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing the cable connection, where the outer bushing is heat-shrunk;

(9) FIG. 5-1 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing a cable end closure, where an outer casing is pushed over a cable lug;

(10) FIG. 5-2 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing the cable end closure, where a hermetically sealing first outer bushing is heat shrinked;

(11) FIG. 5-3 is a perspective view of an assembly step for producing the cable end closure, where a hermetically sealing second outer bushing is heat shrinked;

(12) FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a cable jacket;

(13) FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a cable jacket; and

(14) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cable jacket.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

(15) FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an electrical or optical conductor 100 surrounded by an insulation 102 and an outer casing 104 which is constructed in an electrically insulating manner. The conductor 100 may be a copper line of a low-voltage cable assembly, the insulation 102 already having been fitted in the factory. In an embodiment, the conductor 100 is an optical conductor.

(16) The insulation 102 comprises an insulating material which is filled with flame-retardants and which is conventional for use with such cables or end closures. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a braiding in the form of a tube is fitted as an outer casing 104 produced from quartz. The outer casing 104 forms a cable jacket for enclosing the insulation remaining in the event of a fire. Since the outer casing 104 is gas-permeable, gaseous combustion products which occur in the presence of a fire can be safely discharged without bringing about a significant deformation of the outer casing 104. The remaining, mostly mineral residual portions of the insulation 102, are retained at their original location by the outer casing 104 in the event of a fire so that the operational capacity of the insulation is maintained for a specific period of time. Table 1 discloses the mechanical and physical properties of an exemplary embodiment of the quartz material which is particularly suitable for the outer casing 104.

(17) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chemical composition Components 99.95% SiO.sub.2 Chemical changes under the influence of none temperature: Mechanical properties Filament diameter 11 m Specific density 2.2 g/cm.sup.3 Tensile strength in the unaffected state 6000 N/mm.sup.2 Tensile strength in the wound state 3000-4000 N/mm.sup.2 Modulus of elasticity 78 GPa Thermal properties Long-term temperature stability 1000 C. Softening temperature at approx. 1650 C. Linear expansion coefficient 0 C.-400 C. 3.9 10.sup.7 Linear expansion coefficient 400 C.-1200 C. 5.4 10.sup.7 Specific heat capacity c (J/Kg-K) 14.246 Thermal conductivity W/(m K) for solid 0.0348 quartz glass for processed quartz glass Depending on processing form Electrical properties Dielectric constant at 10.sup.6 Hz 3.78 Dielectric loss factor at 10.sup.6 Hz 0.0001 Specific resistance at 20 C. ( cm) 10.sup.19 250 C. ( cm) 10.sup.10 1200 C. ( cm) 2 10.sup.7

(18) A significant advantage is that the outer casing 104 can follow the deformations of the heated conductor 100 in the event of a fire, while the insulation material 102 remains operational in situ when the conductor 100 has been significantly deflected from an original position. In an embodiment, the outer casing 104 is formed through a braiding operation, to form a tube. In other embodiments, the outer casing 104 is formed from a knitted fabric, woven fabric, fleece or felt.

(19) One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the insulation 102 can also be maintained by an outer casing 104 that is rigid in the final assembled state.

(20) The outer casing 104 retains a large portion of the burnt insulation material in place in the event of a fire, whilst gases and vapours can be dissipated. The insulation material 102 remaining in the event of a fire is fixed at the original location and a functionally enduring insulation is consequently maintained for a specific period of time. In an embodiment whereby the conductor 100 is formed of a plurality of cable strands of differing polarity, the strand insulation is maintained.

(21) Furthermore, the burnt insulation 102, which remains fixed in position by the outer casing 104, also forms a temperature barrier, temporally shields the conductor 100 from the elevated external temperatures.

(22) In an embodiment of FIG. 2, the outer casing 104 is formed as tubular, membrane-like structure from suitable glass fibre or quartz fibre filter.

(23) In an embodiment of FIG. 3, the outer casing 104 is formed by a mat which is rectangular in the initial state, and which is placed in the direction of the arrow 106 around the insulation 102 on the conductor or the cable strand 100. The blank of the mat in the pre-assembled state may naturally have any shape, and the edges thereof can be secured after the assembly through adhesive bonding. Advantageously, the insulation 102 in this embodiment, in addition to the inorganic flame-retardant means, also may contain intumescent flame-retardants that produce foaming in the event of a fire, and thereby fill any gap which may be present at the location of the joint.

(24) FIG. 4 schematically illustrates by way of example the connection of a large number of cable strands using the cable jacket according to the invention. The individual strands or conductors 100a, 100b, 100c and 100d of a four-strand cable which is shown in this instance have the insulation removed in the region in which they are intended to be connected to the corresponding counter-piece and are connected to each other by means of electrically conductive connection pieces 108, for example, by means of a crimp connection.

(25) In an embodiment of FIG. 4-1, each connection region 108 is provided with the electrical insulation 102. The electrical insulation 102 can be pushed over the connection region 108, and is in the form of an electrically insulating inner casing, the insulation substantially corresponding in terms of its properties to the strand insulation of the individual strands which was applied in the factory and which was removed for the connection.

(26) In the embodiment of FIG. 4-2, an outer casing 104 is pushed over each of the strands or conductors 100. Consequently, the strand arrangement in the state shown in FIG. 4-2 is already completely operational and thermally protected. The steps shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 4-3 and 4-4 relate to additional fitting of a hermetically sealing outer bushing 110 using heat-shrinking technology. In an embodiment, the outer bushing 100 is a cold-shrinking or cast resin technology. The optionally fitted outer bushing 110 is used primarily for hermetically sealing cables which are arranged in an environment in which the cables require particular protection with respect to mechanical and/or chemical loads.

(27) In an embodiment of FIG. 5 the individual strands or conductors 100a, 100b, 100c and 100d are connected to a terminating cable lug 112, and the connection location is covered with an insulating material (not visible in FIG. 5). Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5-1, the outer casing 104 is pushed forwards as far as the contact regions of the cable lugs 112.

(28) In the embodiments of FIGS. 5-2 and 5-3, first and second outer bushings 110 and 110 are assembled to hermetically seal and electrically safeguard the end closure arrangement.

(29) One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3 are applicable to that of a cable end closure, which is disclosed in the embodiments of FIGS. 6 to 8.

(30) In an embodiment of FIG. 6, an electrical conductor (not shown) having a cable lug 112 is surrounded by an insulation 102 and an outer casing 104 which may be constructed in an electrically insulating manner. The outer casing 104 fixes a large portion of the burnt insulation material 102 in place in the event of a fire, whilst allowing gases and vapours to dissipate. The insulation material 102 remaining in the event of a fire is retained at the original location, and a functionally enduring insulation is consequently maintained for a specific period of time. When a plurality of cable strands of differing polarity are connected to the cable lugs 112, the strand insulation is maintained. Furthermore, as mentioned, the burnt insulation 102, which is fixed in place by the outer casing 104, also forms a temperature barrier, which temporally delays the effects of the elevated external temperature on a copper conductor.

(31) In an embodiment of FIG. 7, the outer casing 104 is a tubular, membrane-like structure made from glass fibre or quartz fibre.

(32) In an embodiment of FIG. 8, the outer casing 104 is formed by a mat which is rectangular in the initial state, and which is placed in the direction of the arrow 106 around the insulation 102 on the cable lug 112.

(33) In an embodiment, basalt is used in as an alternative to quartz for the outer casing 104. Basalt is a dark-grey to black, densely medium-grained volcanic stone. The basalt fibre is a 100% inorganic, mineral, continuous filament which can also be produced, for example, with a diameter of 11.0 m. The physical properties of basalt are set out below in Table 2.

(34) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Unit Physical properties Diameter [m] 11.0 Tear strength [mN/tex] 433 Modulus of elasticity [GPa] 91-110 Linear density [tex] 121 Flammability (LOI) [%] 0.4 Thermal application range [ C.] min 260 max. under pressure +450 max. without pressure +700 Operating temperature as flame limit +1200 Melting point [ C.] 1450 Moisture absorption [%] 0.1 Linear expansion coefficient [10.sup.7/K] 5.5 Thermal conductivity [W/m .Math. K] 1.67 Weight loss [%] after 3 hours of baking in: H.sub.2O 99.6 0.5N NaOH 93.4 2N NaOH 6.4-77.3 2N H.sub.2SO.sub.4 66.4-98.5

(35) In addition to the advantages already mentioned, the invention enables simple assembly of the outer casing 104, the position of the conductor 100 or the cable connection 112 after the assembly, that is to say, the orientation in the horizontal and vertical spatial direction, having no influence on the function of the maintenance.

(36) The invention can advantageously be used not only with continuous conductors or cable strands or cable connections, but also with cable end closures.