Fixed bed gasifier and method of gasification of biomass using the same

Abstract

A gasifier, including a vertically disposed furnace body, a monitoring unit, and a microwave plasma generating device. The furnace body includes a material and fuel inlet, a syngas outlet, an oxygen/vapor inlet, and a slag outlet. The furnace body has a clearance zone in an upper part thereof and a fixed bed zone in a lower part thereof. The slag outlet is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body. The monitoring unit is disposed close to the syngas outlet. At least one microwave plasma generating device is disposed on the furnace body.

Claims

1. A gasifier comprising: a) a vertically disposed furnace body, the furnace body comprising a housing having a material and fuel inlet, a syngas outlet, a first oxygen/vapor nozzle, and a slag outlet; and a chamber having a clearance zone and a fixed bed zone; b) a monitoring unit; and c) a first microwave plasma generating device and a second microwave plasma generating device; wherein: the slag outlet is disposed at a bottom of the furnace body; the monitoring unit is disposed close to the syngas outlet; the chamber is defined by the housing; the material and fuel inlet is disposed between the clearance zone and the fixed bed zone, and is configured for introducing biomass to the chamber; the fixed bed zone contains the biomass and is configured for gasifying the biomass to yield a syngas; the clearance zone is disposed above the material and fuel inlet and the fixed bed zone, and is devoid of the biomass; the clearance zone is configured for receiving the syngas; the first microwave plasma generating device is disposed around the fixed bed zone, and is adapted to supply a first microwave plasma to the fixed bed zone; and the second microwave plasma generating device is disposed around the clearance zone, and is adapted to supply a second microwave plasma to the clearance zone.

2. The gasifier of claim 1, wherein: the first microwave plasma generating device comprises two or three layers of microwave plasma generators, and the second microwave plasma generating device comprises one or two layers of microwave plasma generators; and each layer of the microwave plasma generators comprises three or four evenly distributed working gas inlets.

3. The gasifier of claim 2, wherein the first microwave plasma generating device has a first electrode gap; the second microwave plasma generating device has a second electrode gap; and the first electrode gap is smaller than the second electrode gap.

4. The gasifier of claim 3, wherein a microwave power source of the first or the second microwave plasma generating device has a basic frequency of 2.45 GHz, and a power of a single microwave plasma generator is within 200 kW.

5. The gasifier of claim 4, wherein the furnace body further comprises a second oxygen/vapor nozzle; and the first oxygen/vapor nozzle is disposed in the clearance zone, and the second oxygen/vapor nozzle is disposed in the fixed bed zone.

6. The gasifier of claim 1, wherein the furnace body further comprises a second oxygen/vapor nozzle; and the first oxygen/vapor nozzle is disposed in the clearance zone, and the second oxygen/vapor nozzle is disposed in the fixed bed zone.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a fixed bed gasifier of biomass and a flow chart of a gasification method using the same according to one embodiment of the invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken from Line A-A of FIG. 1.

(3) In the drawings, the following reference numbers are used: 1. Feeder; 2. Furnace body; 3. Microwave plasma generator; 4. Lower oxygen/vapor nozzle; 5. Upper oxygen/vapor nozzle; 6. Monitoring unit; 7. Slag outlet; 8. Clearance zone of gasifier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(4) For further illustrating the invention, experiments detailing a gasifier and a method for gasifying biomass and solid wastes to synthesize high quality syngas are described below. It should be noted that the following examples are intended to describe and not to limit the invention.

(5) A furnace body 2 is a vertically disposed cylinder, a clearance zone 8 is disposed at the uppermost of the furnace body, and a fixed bed zone receiving microwave plasma is disposed at the lowermost of the furnace body. A vertical downward slag outlet 7 is disposed at a bottom of the furnace body. An upper oxygen/vapor nozzle 5 is disposed in the clearance zone 8 of the furnace body, and a lower oxygen/vapor nozzle 4 is disposed in the fixed bed zone of the furnace body. Both the nozzles can be controlled by switches to regulate the flow rate. The furnace body 2 is cylindrical, or a combination of a cone and a cylinder.

(6) A feeder 1 is disposed in the middle of the furnace body 2 and communicates with the furnace body 2 via an inclined feeding chute. The feeding mode can optionally be screw feeding, without the need of the inclined feeding chute.

(7) The number of the microwave plasma generator is determined by the content of moisture and volatile components in the biomass fuel. As the biomass fuel contains high content of moisture (about 20%) and low caloric value, in this example, the first microwave plasma generating device comprises two or three layers of microwave plasma generators 3 (in FIG. 1, there are two layers of microwave plasma generators), which are centrally disposed below the feeder 1 and slightly higher than the bed material position in the fixed bed, and each layer of the microwave plasma generators comprises three or four evenly distributed working gas inlets. The similar arrangement of the microwave plasma generators such as being disposed above the feeder is also acceptable. The second microwave plasma generating device is disposed in the clearance zone which is above the feeder 1, and comprises one or two layers of microwave plasma generators, each layer of the microwave plasma generators comprises three or four evenly distributed working gas inlets (in FIG. 2, there are three working gas inlets).

(8) The first microwave plasma generator 3 has large power and small electrode gap, and produces high temperature of plasma; the second microwave plasma generator 3 has large electrode gap, strong plasma activity, and wide volume range, which is configured to crack the tars in the syngas, and to convert hydrocarbons such as methane in the syngas. Finally, the tar content in the syngas is reduced to meet the direct usage level in industry, and the hydrocarbon content is also reduced, which is conducive to the subsequent carbon removal.

(9) The microwave power source of the microwave plasma generators has a basic frequency of 2.45 GHz, and a power of a single microwave plasma generator is within 200 kW.

(10) The total power of the second microwave plasma generator meets the requirement for supplying thermal energy for the reaction equilibrium.

(11) A monitoring unit 6 is disposed close to the syngas outlet at the top of the furnace body 2 to monitor in real time the temperature and components of the syngas to maintain process parameters within a preset range.

(12) The biomass fuel and waste are fed into the furnace body 2 via the feeder 1 and gasified quickly in the fixed bed zone of the gasifier. Firstly, the fuel particles are pyrolyzed under high temperature to yield a large amount of volatile components and semi-coke residues. The volatile components react with oxygen and vapor in the presence of high activity of plasma generated by the microwave plasma generator. To regulate the temperature of the fixed bed zone can ensure the smooth operation of the gasification process. If the furnace temperature is too low, the working gas such as oxygen should be complemented in large, and meanwhile the microwave power of the microwave plasma generator 3 and the flow rate of the working gas are adjusted accordingly, vice versa. The vapor sprayed from the lower oxygen/vapor nozzle 4 operates to increase the vapor concentration, thereby prompting the reaction between the carbon residues and the vapor, improving the yield of H.sub.2, inhibiting the formation of the tars in the reaction zone, and enhancing the quality of the syngas.

(13) With the feeding and gasification of the biomass fuel, the syngas flows upwards to the clearance zone and is cracked. The coke residues fall downwards to the fixed bed zone and release heat energy to maintain the temperature therein. The resulting slag is discharged from the slag outlet 7. In the clearance zone 8, the syngas is further cracked in the presence of high degree of ionization and high activity of plasma generated by the second microwave plasma generator. Appropriate high temperature vapour is sprayed from the upper oxygen/vapor nozzle 5 for further cracking the tars in the syngas. Thus, the tar content is greatly reduced, which is conducive to the subsequent application.

(14) The gasification temperature is between 700 and 1600 C.; and the temperature of the syngas is within 1200 C. The gasification temperature is between 750 and 950 C.

(15) To achieve the optimal working conditions and satisfy the overall performance requirement of the gasification, the key is to control the temperature of the entrained flow bed, and to regulate the oxygen flow rate, vapor flow rate, and microwave power. The monitoring unit disposed close to the syngas outlet can monitor the above parameters in real time, thereby controlling the gasification process by chain and by full automation and maintaining the operation stability of the gasifier.

(16) While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.