Abstract
The invention relates to a soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular a soil preparation arrangement, for the agricultural cultivation of a soil (500), in particular a field and/or arable land, with a carrier device for attaching to an agricultural tractor and with one or more soil cultivation units (200, 201, 202, 203) for preparing and/or generating a seed furrow (530), which soil cultivation units (200, 201, 202, 203) as modular components of the soil cultivation arrangement (100) can be connected to the carrier device as required and can be arranged along the carrier device in the desired sequence. At least one soil cultivation unit (200) has a runner-like sliding device (400), the underside of which, as sliding surface (410) facing the soil (500), is designed to slide on a soil surface (510).
Claims
1. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) for agricultural cultivation of a soil (500) with a carrier device for attaching to an agricultural tractor and with one or more soil cultivation units (200) for soil preparation or to generate a seed furrow (530), which soil cultivation units (200) as modular components of the soil cultivation arrangement (100) can be connected to the carrier device to a sowing unit that can be towed by the agricultural tractor and can be arranged along the carrier device in the desired sequence, characterized in that at least one soil cultivation unit (200) has a runner-like sliding device (400) with an underside sliding surface (410) facing the soil (500) and configured to slide on a soil surface (510).
2. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more soil cultivation elements (210) protrude from the sliding surface (410) of the sliding device (400) by a variably adjustable working or penetration depth (x).
3. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that one or more soil cultivation elements (210) are driven by an actuator independently of travel speed and pulling direction or forward travel direction (Z) of the agricultural tractor.
4. A soil cultivation arrangement (100), characterized in that at least one soil cultivation element (210) is configured as a pre-cutter (201) or soil loosening unit (202) and interacts with the sliding device for cutting biomass.
5. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one soil cultivation element (210) is configured as a pre-cutter (201) with a single rotatable mounted soil cultivation disc, whereby the soil cultivation disc for cutting biomass and for preparing the seed furrow (530) to be produced along its outer circumferential or running surface (230) is provided with a radially extending cutting or tooth profile (232).
6. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotatable mounted soil cultivation disc of the pre-cutter (201) is driven by an actuator independently of the travel speed and against the pulling direction or forward travel direction (Z) of the agricultural tractor.
7. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one soil cultivation element (210) is configured as a soil loosening unit (202) with one or more knives (310) which are used for cutting biomass for loosening the soil (500) and for preparing the seed furrow (530) and which knives can be moved translationally to the pulling direction or forward travel direction (Z) of the agricultural tractor.
8. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that the one or more knives (310) of the soil loosening unit (202) are arranged to penetrate a slot-like recess (430) of the sliding device (400).
9. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one soil cultivation element (210) is configured as a soil loosening unit (202) with a revolving soil loosening chain (320) which is used for cutting plant and root residues, loosening the soil (500) and preparing the seed furrow (530) to be produced in the manner of a motorized chain saw driven by an actuator and configured with a saw tooth profile.
10. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one soil cultivation element (210) is configured as a soil loosening unit (202) with a soil loosening wing (350) penetrating the soil (500) starting from the sliding surface (410) of the sliding device (400).
11. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that the soil loosening wing (350) is arranged passing or penetrating, the sliding device (400) and can be locked in different positions on the sliding device (400) for the variable setting of a desired working or penetration depth (x).
12. A soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that side surfaces (351) of the soil loosening wing (350) facing a respective seed furrow wall (531) are provided with loosening pins or loosening elements (300), which loosening pins or loosening elements (300) are configured for loosening the soil (500) in the area of the respective seed furrow wall (531).
13. A soil cultivation unit (200) for connection to a carrier device of a soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to claim 1, with one or more soil cultivation elements (210) for loosening the soil or for cutting biomass, characterized in that the soil cultivation unit (200) has a runner-like sliding device (400) with a sliding surface (410) facing the soil on its underside which is configured to slide on a soil surface (510).
14. A soil cultivation unit (200) according to claim 13, characterized in that the soil cultivation unit (200) has at least one soil cultivation element (210) configured as a pre-cutter (201) and one soil cultivation element (210) configured as a soil loosening unit (202).
15. A soil cultivation unit (200) according to claim 14, characterized in that the soil cultivation element (210) configured as a pre-cutter (201) and the soil cultivation element (210) configured as a soil loosening unit (202) each protrude from the sliding surface (410) of the sliding device (400) by a variably adjustable working or penetration depth (x).
Description
[0061] Further details, features, (sub)combinations of features, advantages and effects based on the invention emerge from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention and the drawings. These show in
[0062] FIG. 1a a schematic perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention with three soil cultivation units arranged one after the other, each designed as a soil cultivation disc,
[0063] FIG. 1b a schematic sectional illustration of a seed furrow to be produced in a front view,
[0064] FIG. 1c the soil cultivation arrangement from FIG. 1a in a schematic side view,
[0065] FIG. 2 a schematic perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention, comprising a soil loosening unit with three knives, together with a schematic sectional illustration of a seed furrow to be produced,
[0066] FIG. 3 a schematic perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention with a revolving saw chain and together with a furrow opener or a sowing disc,
[0067] FIG. 4 a schematic perspective illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a pre-cutter with a rotatable mounted knife disc and a sliding device,
[0068] FIG. 5a a third exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a pre-cutter and a soil-loosening wing in a side view, according to
[0069] FIG. 5b in a perspective view and according to
[0070] FIG. 5c a detailed view of the soil-loosening wing,
[0071] FIG. 6a a fourth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a pre-cutter and a soil-loosening wing in a side view and according to
[0072] FIG. 6b a detailed view of the soil-loosening wing,
[0073] FIG. 7a a fifth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a pre-cutter and a soil-loosening wing in a side view and according to
[0074] FIG. 7b a detailed view of the soil-loosening wing
[0075] FIG. 8 a schematic side view of a further exemplary embodiment of the soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention with three soil cultivation units arranged one after the other,
[0076] FIG. 9 two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil loosening unit according to the invention with two milling heads arranged next to one another and in parallel,
[0077] FIG. 10 two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil loosening unit according to the invention with a single milling head and
[0078] FIG. 11 three schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil-loosening unit according to the invention with two milling heads arranged one behind the other or in a row.
[0079] The figures are merely exemplary in nature and are only used for understanding the invention. The same elements are provided with the same reference symbols, which is why they are usually only described once.
[0080] FIG. 1a shows a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to the invention. The soil cultivation arrangement 100 has three soil cultivation units 200, which are modularly connected to a not shown here carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100 in a manner known from the prior art. The carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100 is designed for connection to a tool carrier of an agricultural tractor, also not shown here, in particular a tractor or tug. The soil cultivation units 200 are in turn arranged one after the other along a pulling direction or forward travel direction Z of the agricultural tractor. The soil-cultivation unit 200 arranged foremost in the pulling direction Z has a soil cultivation element 210 in the form of a pre-cutter 201 and a sliding device 400. Likewise, with respect to the direction of pull Z, the pre-cutter 201 is followed by a soil cultivation unit 200 designed as a soil-loosening unit 202. The pre-cutter 201 and the soil-loosening unit 202 are each designed as a single soil cultivation disc. As the rearmost module of the soil cultivation arrangement 100, a soil cultivation unit 200 in the form of a furrow opener or sowing disc 203 follows the soil-loosening unit 202. The furrow opener or the sowing disc 203 comprises two soil cultivation discs arranged opposite one another. The soil cultivation disks of the soil cultivation units 200 each have two lateral circular surfaces 220 as well as a circumferential or running surface 230 and are mounted rotatable about their respective axis of rotation 223.
[0081] A schematic sectional illustration of a conventional, exemplary seed furrow 530, which can be prepared and produced with the soil cultivation arrangement 100, can be seen in FIG. 1b. The seed furrow 530 is formed with an approximately V-shaped cross-sectional area within the soil 500, more precisely in the uppermost soil horizon 520, and comprises two sloping seed furrow walls 531. The seed furrow depth a is the distance from the soil surface 510 to the deepest point of the seed furrow 530, also known as the furrow base. The seed furrow width b is usually measured in the area of the soil surface 510 and is defined as the distance between the two seed furrow walls 531 in this area. The seed furrow width b is usually in a range between 3.75 cm to 4 cm and the seed furrow depth a in a range between 3 cm to 10 cm. In order to prepare and generate the seed furrow 530, the soil cultivation arrangement 100 is pulled from the agricultural tractor along the pulling direction Z according to FIG. 1a, wherein the rotatable mounted soil cultivation disks usually roll along their respective circumferential or running surface 230 on the soil 500. The pre-cutter 201 and the soil-loosening unit 202 are each provided for preparing the seed furrow 530 and for loosening the soil in the uppermost soil horizon 520, along a cross-sectional area within which the seed furrow 530 is to be created. The actual seed furrow 530 is opened or pulled by means of the following furrow opener or sowing discs 203.
[0082] In FIG. 1c, the soil cultivation arrangement 100 from FIG. 1a is shown in a schematic side view. In this illustration, the soil 500 and its soil surface 510 are also indicated schematically. In conservation tillage, the soil 500 is cultivated exclusively within the uppermost soil horizon 520. The soil cultivation units 200, each having one or two soil cultivation discs, the soil loosening unit 202 and the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, roll along the soil 500 or on its surface 510 and penetrate the soil 500, preferably in each case by the same working or penetration depth x, which also roughly corresponds to the seed furrow depth a. Alternatively, and not shown here, it can also be expedient that the pre-cutter 201 and/or the soil loosening unit 202 penetrate deeper into the soil 500, i.e. have a greater working or penetration depth x than the furrow opener 203, which also causes that soil in the area below the seed furrow 530 can be loosened. The working or penetration depth x or seed furrow depth a can be adjusted to the desired amount as required depending on the optimal planting depth of the seed.
[0083] For setting the working or penetration depth x, among other things, the pre-cutter 201, for example in the FIG. 1c, has a sliding device 400, the underside sliding surface 410 of which slides along the soil surface 510. By offsetting the soil cultivation disc and the sliding device 400 of the pre-cutter 201 relative to one another, the distance by which the soil cultivation disc protrudes, in particular penetrates, beyond the underside sliding surface 410 and thus its working or penetration depth x can be determined. The sliding device 400 consequently fulfills the function of the devices known from the prior art and is optionally also applicable to the invention for setting the working or penetration depth x, such as depth wheels or so-called “chicken feet” and is mounted in a similar manner on a carrier device, not shown here, of the soil cultivation arrangement 100. In addition, the sliding device 400 also supports the soil cultivation unit 200 on the soil 500, which enables the soil cultivation disc of the pre-cutter 201 to be actively driven in the illustrated direction of rotation R, counter to the direction of pull Z. For this purpose, the soil cultivation unit 200 can be provided with an electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and/or other gear equipped drive or actuator known from the prior art.
[0084] A schematic perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil loosening unit 202 can be seen in FIG. 2, together with a schematic section of a seed furrow 530 to be generated. The embodiment of the soil loosening unit 202 shown here is designed with a total of three knives 310, which are provided with a saw profile 311 in the pulling direction Z and can be moved up and down linearly in translation along a cutting direction S running orthogonally to the pulling direction Z. The soil loosening unit 202 also has a sliding device 400, the sliding surface 410 of which is provided for sliding on the soil surface 510. A front section 420 of the sliding device 400 in the pulling direction Z is raised in the manner of a runner with respect to the ground surface 510 in order to facilitate sliding off even on uneven soil. Three slot-like recesses 430 of the sliding device 400, arranged parallel to one another, are each penetrated by one of the knives 310. At the same time, they function as a kind of guide in the cutting direction S. The sliding device 400 can be used to variably set the working or penetration depth x of the knives 310. In addition, the sliding device 400 prevents plant or root residues from being pulled out of the soil 500 by an upward movement of the knives 310 and holds them back under itself. The actual cutting process takes place on the lower edges of the slot-like recesses 430 facing the soil 500, where the knives 310 and the sliding device 400 are cooperating in the manner of scissors. The set working or penetration depth x preferably corresponds to the seed furrow depth a, and the distance between the two outer knives 310 corresponds to the seed furrow width b of the seed furrow 530 to be generated. As can be seen from the schematic sectional view of the seed furrow 530, the embodiment of the soil loosening unit 202 shown here loosens the soil 500 transversely to the direction of pull Z along a rectangular cross-sectional area. The V-shaped cross-sectional area of the seed furrow 530, in particular in the area of the seed furrow walls 531 protrudes, which effectively prevents soil compaction here. The knives 310 can be driven electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically via a conventional linear actuator and are mounted, preferably spring-loaded and/or with clearance, so that they can move up and down along the cutting direction S.
[0085] FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 with two soil cultivation units 200. The soil cultivation arrangement 100 has the soil cultivation unit 200 designed as a furrow opener or as a seeding disc 203 and a preceding soil cultivation unit 200 with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil cultivation unit 202, which is constructed with a revolving soil cultivation chain 320. The soil loosening chain 320 of the soil loosening unit 202 is preferably driven electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically via an actuator and is attached to the carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100. If necessary, it can circulate, “forwards” in the rolling direction of the soil cultivation discs of the furrow opener 203 or “backwards” in opposite to the direction of rotation R indicated schematically. The soil loosening chain 320 is preferably provided, at least in sections, with a saw tooth profile, not shown here, the teeth of which extend straight or obliquely, in particular radially, outward, in the direction of the soil 500.
[0086] The soil loosening unit 202 having the soil loosening chain 320 has a sliding device 400 according to FIGS. 1a, c, not shown here, for setting the working or penetration depth x. A pre-cutter, in particular an active coulter, to avoid clogging with plant and root residues, can precede the soil loosening chain.
[0087] A soil cultivation element 210 embodied as a pre-cutter 201 of a second exemplary soil cultivation unit 200 for a soil cultivation arrangement 100 can be taken from FIG. 4, for example, in a schematic perspective illustration. The pre-cutter 201 comprises a single soil cultivation element 210, which is mounted rotatable around its axis of rotation 223 and is aligned parallel to the pulling direction Z. Here it is projected as a circular saw-like knife disc for cutting plant and root residues, rotates in counter to the pulling direction Z, i.e. cuts with an variably adjustable speed of rotation, and prepares the seed furrow 530 to be produced. Along the circumferential or running surface 230, the soil cultivation element 210 is provided with a tooth profile 232 pointing radially outward. Through the actuator-driven rotation of the soil cultivation element 210, any plant or root residues present on the soil surface 510 or in the soil 500 are taken or carried along by the rotary movement and finally cut, in particular in cooperation with the sliding device. In order to make it easier to shear off plant or root remains, the pre-cutter 201 is therefore additionally designed with a sliding device 400, the front section 420 of which is raised in a runner-like manner with respect to the ground surface 510. The soil cultivation disc penetrates a centrally arranged and elongated slot-like recess 430 of the sliding device 400. During operation of the soil cultivation arrangement 100, the soil cultivation unit 200 is moved along the pulling direction Z, the sliding device 400 sliding with its underside sliding surface 410 along the soil surface 510 and holding down any plant residues or pressing between them and the soil 500 for guaranteed cutting. At the same time, the sliding device 400 prevents any root residues located in the soil 500 from being pulled out of the soil 500 by the rotating soil cultivation disc 210. In addition, the sliding device 400 is used to set the working or penetration depth x of the pre-cutter 201.
[0088] FIGS. 5a to 5c show a third exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a pre-cutter 201 and a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil loosening unit 202. Both the pre-cutter 201 and the soil loosening unit 202 pass through a common sliding device 400 which slides with its sliding surface 410 on the underside along the soil 500 or on the soil surface 510. In operation, the sliding device 400 cooperates with the pre-cutter 201. In this case, biomass to be cut, in particular plant and root residues, is retained by the sliding surface 410 of the sliding device 400. The relative movement of the rotating pre-cutter 201 causes the cut to take place at the edges of the recess 430 of the sliding device 400. The pre-cutter 201 essentially corresponds to the previously described embodiments and is therefore not described again in detail. The soil cultivation element 210, which is designed as a soil loosening unit 202, follows the pre-cutter 201 and comprises a soil loosening wing 350 which, starting from the underside sliding surface 410 of the sliding device 400, extends towards the soil 500. The working or penetration depth x of the soil loosening wing 350 is determined by the sliding device 400. For this purpose, an upper section 351 adjoining the soil loosening wing 350 of the soil loosening unit 202 penetrates a correspondingly designed recess 430 and can be attached to the sliding device in specific, predetermined positions, for example by means of screws or similar fastening means. For this purpose, the upper section 351 has a number of bores or other recesses that are spaced apart from one another. As can be seen from the detailed view in FIG. 5c, the side surfaces 351 facing the respectively adjacent seed furrow walls 531 are provided with loosening pins and/or loosening elements 300, which extend in the direction of the seed furrow walls 531. The loosening pins and/or loosening elements 300 here are shown conical and move during operation, i.e. when the soil cultivation unit 200 is pulled along the pulling direction Z, along a horizontal path through the soil located in the region of the seed furrow walls 531, because of which the soil 500 is loosened. In conjunction with the leading pre-cutter 201, which, in cooperation with the sliding device, enables particularly effective cutting of the biomass, accumulations of biomass or jams or blockages on the trailing soil loosening unit 202 comprising the soil loosening wing 350 are avoided.
[0089] The fourth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention according to FIGS. 6a and 6b differs from the third embodiment just described only in the design of the soil loosening unit 202 or the soil loosening wing 350, which is why only this one is described in more detail below. According to the fourth embodiment, the loosening pins and/or loosening elements 300 provided on the side surfaces 351 of the soil cultivation wing 350 are designed with a wedge-like geometry and aligned parallel to one another along the soil cultivation wing 350.
[0090] The fifth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention according to FIGS. 7a and 7b also corresponds to the fourth embodiment described above and differs only in terms of a biostimulant, biological product, plant protection agent against insects, pests and diseases, as well as nutrient and/or fertilizer supply 352, which extends along a rear edge of both the upper section 151 and the soil cultivation wing 350 and is used to supply liquid nutrients and/or liquid fertilizers into the seed furrow 530. For this purpose, the working or penetration depth x of the soil cultivation wing 350 expediently exceeds the placement depth of the seed.
[0091] Finally, a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to the invention is shown in a schematic perspective illustration in FIG. 8. The soil cultivation arrangement 100 comprises three soil cultivation units 200, which are designed as a pre-cutter 201, a soil loosening unit 202 and a furrow opener 203. The pre-cutter 201 has a single soil cultivation disc 210 and a sliding device 400. With regard to the pulling direction Z, the soil loosening unit 202 is arranged following the pre-cutter 201 and likewise comprises a sliding device 400, which, however, is penetrated by three knives 310 which can be moved up and down transversely to the pulling direction Z. The furrow opener or the sowing disc 203 is arranged with two soil cultivation discs 210 each oriented at an angle to the pulling direction Z, terminating in the pulling direction Z or following the soil loosening unit 202.
[0092] During operation, i.e. when an agricultural tractor pulls the soil cultivation arrangement 100 in the pulling direction Z, plant and root residues can first be cut above and below the soil by means of the pre-cutter 201, with an incision in the soil 500 leading to the seed furrow 530 being produced at the same time. By means of the soil loosening unit 202 provided with three knives 310, the soil 500 is then loosened in the area of the seed furrow 530 to be generated. In this embodiment the rectangular cross-sectional area of the soil 500 loosened with the soil loosening unit protrudes the V-shaped cross-sectional area of the seed furrow 530, in particular in the area of the seed furrow walls 531. As a result, the soil is loosened extensively around the seed furrow 530 to be produced, so that compaction of the soil 500 in the region of the seed furrow walls 531 is effectively prevented. Instead of the knives 310, a soil loosening unit 202 having a soil cultivation wing 350 can optionally also be provided at this position. Finally, the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, the surrounding soil being displaced laterally in the manner of a plow by the inclined soil cultivation discs 210, draws the actual seed furrow 530. In order to prevent the inevitably occurring compression in the area of the seed furrow walls 531 during this work step, the soil cultivation discs 210 are each provided with the loosening pins 300 on their outer circular surface 221. During the generation of the seed furrow 530 they are drawn along a respective cycloid, in particular an epicycloid path through the soil adjacent to the seed furrow walls 531 and loosen them up. A special synergetic effect for loosening the soil can be achieved through the interaction with a loosening unit 202 (see FIGS. 5-7) which precedes the furrow opener 203 and has a loosening wing 350. The loosening pins and/or loosening elements 300 of the soil loosening wing 350 move along respective horizontal paths through the soil. The subsequent loosening pins and/or loosening elements 300 of the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, which move along epicycloid paths, cross the previously generated horizontal paths multiple times and at different angles, whereby a maximum loosening of the soil in the area of the seed furrow walls 531 is achieved.
[0093] Two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil loosening unit 202 comprising two milling heads 340 arranged next to one another in the pulling direction or forward travel direction Z with axes of rotation 341 aligned parallel to one another can be seen in FIG. 9. Depending on the depth of the seed furrow to be produced, however, more than two milling heads 340 can also be arranged next to one another. For depth control, the soil cultivation unit shown in FIG. 9 is provided with a sliding device 400 which is designed with one or more recesses 430 through which the milling heads 340 pass. Alternatively, the sliding device 400 can also be renounced.
[0094] FIG. 10 shows two schematic perspective views of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil loosening unit 202 with a single milling head 340. The milling head 340 or its axis of rotation 341 is arranged here centrally within an optional sliding device 400 and penetrating a recess 430 provided therein. Alternatively, according to FIG. 11, two or more milling heads 340 can also be arranged one behind the other or in a row with respect to the pulling direction or forward travel direction Z. When using several milling heads 340 arranged one behind the other, it has been found to be advantageous to design them with different diameters, the milling head 340 arranged at the front in the forward travel direction Z expediently having the smallest diameter and the milling head 340 arranged at the rear having the largest diameter.
[0095] The respective milling heads 340 of the previously described embodiments according to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 are driven by one or more drive units, not shown here, which are preferably designed as an electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically driven rotary actuator. By means of the drive unit and, if necessary, interposed gear elements, the milling heads 340 can be rotated around their respective rotational axis 341 at the desired speed in the same or opposite direction of rotation. The chosen arrangement of the milling heads 340, i.e. a single milling head 340, two or more milling heads 340 next to one another and/or two or more milling heads 340 one behind the other can, if necessary, be adapted to the prevailing soil conditions.
LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0096] 100 soil cultivation arrangement [0097] 200 soil cultivation unit [0098] 201 pre-cutter [0099] 202 soil loosening unit [0100] 203 furrow opener or seed disc [0101] 210 soil cultivation element [0102] 211 leading end [0103] 212 trailing end [0104] 220 circular surface [0105] 221 outside circular surface [0106] 222 inside circular surface [0107] 223 axis of rotation [0108] 224 receiving recesses [0109] 230 circumferential or running surface [0110] 231 cutting edge [0111] 232 tooth profile [0112] 300 loosening pins [0113] 310 knives [0114] 320 soil loosening chain [0115] 330 teeth [0116] 340 milling head [0117] 341 axis of rotation [0118] 350 soil loosening wings [0119] 351 side surface of the soil loosening wing [0120] 352 nutrient and/or fertilizer supply [0121] 400 sliding device [0122] 410 sliding surface [0123] 420 front section [0124] 430 recess [0125] 500 soil [0126] 510 soil surface [0127] 520 top soil horizon [0128] 530 seed furrow [0129] 531 seed furrow wall [0130] x working or penetration depth [0131] a seed furrow depth [0132] b seed furrow width [0133] Z direction of pull or forward direction of travel [0134] R direction of rotation [0135] S cutting direction
