FIXED BED GASIFIER FOR PRODUCING A PRODUCT GAS FROM POURABLE CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES

Abstract

A fixed bed gasifier has a clinker breakup device. The tapping element of the clinker breakup device can be positioned at different points, allowing the tapping element to be small but capable of reaching all regions of the fuel particle bed. The tapping element intermittently enters the fuel particle bed in gasifying operation. Before it re-enters the bed, the drive mechanism adjusts the position of the tapping element so that it does not enter the same tapping channel again. Repeated local spiking at different times and locations moves the gasifier bed and disrupts the sintering of clinker particles that can block the gasifier cross section. Gas continues to flow through individual zones over the entire cross section, and not just in the tapped channel. Lumps of clinker that have sintered together are conveyed onward—toward the support device—or else broken up.

Claims

1.-10. (canceled)

11. A fixed-bed gasifier for generating a product gas from pourable carbonaceous fuel particles, the fixed-bed gasifier comprising: a gasifier container; a fuel supply for fuel particles; a support device for supporting the fuel particles in the gasifier container; an air supply in an area above a fuel-particle packed bed for supplying combustion air to the fuel-particle packed bed; a product gas and ash drain leading out of the gasifier container from an area below the support device, and at least one clinker breaking device comprising a tapping element and a driving means, wherein the tapping element is insertable into the fuel-particle packed bed and withdrawable again by the driving means, the support device being movable and configured to be permeable to gas and depleted fuel particles, the driving means being configured for positioning the tapping element above the fuel-particle packed bed at different points in a horizontal cross-section of the gasifier, the tapping element comprising one or more prongs, the one or more prongs being mounted on a flat crossbar, and the driving means being configured such that the flat crossbar penetrates into the fuel-particle packed bed.

12. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 11, wherein the driving means comprises a rotating means by which the tapping element is rotatable to another position above the fuel-particle packed bed in the gasifier.

13. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 11, further comprising a cross-sectional area greater than or equal to 42,300 mm.sup.2, wherein the at least one clinker breaking device comprises a plurality of clinker breaking devices arranged above the fuel-particle packed bed.

14. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 11, wherein the support device comprises a water cooling system.

15. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 11, wherein the support device comprises at least one rotatable roller having a surface with teeth.

16. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 11, wherein the support device is a cone crusher.

17. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 11, wherein the support device is a grate that is arranged horizontally or obliquely in the gasifier container.

18. The fixed-bed gasifier according to claim 17, wherein the grate comprises a plurality of grate bars that are movable relative to each other.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

[0012] Further advantages and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following is shown:

[0013] FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of a fixed-bed gasifier in a side view according to a first embodiment with a rotatable tapping element, wherein the tapping element is not inserted into the biomass;

[0014] FIG. 1b shows a schematic representation of the first embodiment, wherein the tapping element is inserted into a fuel-particle packed bed;

[0015] FIG. 2a shows a top view of a second embodiment with two clinker braking devices arranged side by side;

[0016] FIGS. 2b and 2c show side views of the second embodiment;

[0017] FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment;

[0018] FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment;

[0019] FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment; and

[0020] FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b schematically show a first embodiment of a fixed-bed gasifier according to the present invention for generating a product gas from pourable carbonaceous fuel particles 1 in the form of biomass particles, particles of plastic or other carbonaceous fuel particles. The fixed-bed gasifier comprises a gasifier container 2 having a rectangular cross-section with side walls 4, an air supply 6 in the upper region of the gasifier 2, a fuel supply 8 opening laterally into the gasifier 2, a support device 10 for the fuel-particle packed bed in the form of a planar horizontally arranged grate 101, a product gas and ash drain 12 from the region below the grate 10, and a clinker braking device 14.

[0022] The clinker braking device 14 includes a tapping element 16 and a driving means 18. The driving means 18 includes a rotatable shaft 20 for rotating the tapping element in a horizontal plane and a vertical movement means 22 for linearly reciprocating the tapping element 16 in a vertical direction. The tapping element 16 includes a vertically oriented prong 24 mounted on one end of a flat crossbar 26. At its other end, the flat crossbar 26 is mounted to the rotatable shaft 20. A vertical movement means 22 may be designed, for example, as a double hydraulic cylinder. The rotatable shaft 20 is preferably rotated by an electric motor.

[0023] The rotatable shaft 20 with the tapping element 16 is arranged centrally in the gasifier 2 above the fixed bed of fuel particles 1. This embodiment allows only local points to be reached on a circular line. For small gasifiers with horizontal cross-sectional areas in the range from 10000 to ix) 25600 mm.sup.2, this restriction is unproblematic. For even larger gasifier cross-sectional areas of 25600 to 42300 mm.sup.2, two or three prongs may be attached to the flat crossbar 26 instead of one prong 24. For even greater gasifier power and gasifier cross-sectional areas of 42300 mm.sup.2 and above, it makes sense to arrange two clinker braking devices 14 next to each other and operate them in parallel. For gasifier cross-sectional areas of 85000 mm.sup.2 and above, it makes sense to use two clinker braking devices 14 arranged next to each other with two or three prongs 24.

[0024] This use of two clinker braking devices 14-1 and 14-2 arranged side by side, as a second embodiment of the invention, is shown schematically in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c. FIG. 2a shows a top view of the open gasifier 2 with a rectangular cross-section with sides a and b, with a>b. In the rectangular gasifier cross-section 2, the two clinker braking devices 14-1 and 14-2 are shown. FIG. 2b shows the second embodiment in a view perpendicular to the view in FIG. 2a, and FIG. 2c shows the second embodiment in a view perpendicular to the views in FIGS. 2a and 2b.

[0025] FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment which differs from the first embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a roller 102 rotating intermittently is provided as the support device 10 instead of the horizontal grate 101.

[0026] FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment, which differs from the third embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that two rollers 102 rotating intermittently with respect to each other are provided as the support device 10 instead of one roller.

[0027] The rollers 102 are provided with teeth 28 to crush present clinker lumps.

[0028] FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment, which differs from the first embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that instead of the horizontal grate 101, an inclined grate 103 is provided as the support device 10, as is known from DE 10 2018 205 115 A1.

[0029] FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment that differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that a tumbling cone crusher 104 is provided as a support device 10 instead of the horizontal grate 101.

[0030] During loading or start-up of the fixed-bed gasifier, the clinker braking devices 14 can also be used to distribute the fuel particles 1 in the gasifier by twisting the tapping elements 16 during filling of the fuel particles.