MECHANICAL BLASTHOLE STEMMING DEVICE FOR BLASTING OPERATIONS

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of blasting operations. The mechanical stemming device has the following elements. A sleeve having expandable structures and, positioned in a cavity thereof, an element that has wedge-type surfaces. Conductors are arranged in the elements of the stemming plug in functional channels. The sleeve has an end surface that faces the mouth of the hole and that forms a thrust surface to allow action on this surface as the expandable structures are wedged into place. The element is equipped with a structural and functional stopping and gauging tool that has reference elements. The invention allows a stemming device to be secured at a set distance from the mouth of a hole while completely avoiding it coming into contact with the explosive.

Claims

1. Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of the wedge type cleat door structurally comprising the external bushing with extension structures and the element placed inside its cavity with at least one external wedge surface that interfaces with the inner surfaces of the bushing extension structures facing it; however, there are the technological channels constructively formed inside said elements of the cleat door that functionally are the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors that (i.e. technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the bushing towards the mine opening mouth, and the bushing is designed with its end surface facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the bushing in the process of wedging out of its extension structures while ensuring movement of this bushing in relation to the element with at least one wedge surface, characterized in that the element with at least one wedge surface is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this element in the axial direction; however, said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the element with at least one wedge surface with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element (with at least one wedge surface) in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of said bushing extension structures.

2. Mechanical bordering according to claim 1 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure, e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure.

3. Mechanical bordering according to claim 1 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of an element with at least one wedge surface; however, this bar has the L-shaped projection at its end protruding outside the bushing, that functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure which functionally, for example, is the area of the rock surface adjacent to the mine opening mouth; and this L-shaped projection is fitted with the thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.

4. Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging a mine opening in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations designed in the form of a wedge type cleat door that structurally comprises two mutually movable constructional elements with opposing wedge surfaces that interface with each other when said constructional elements are in the operating position in the course of wedging out. However, at least one said element of the cleat door has technological channels constructively formed inside thereof that functionally serve as the means for placement of the detonator initiating impulse conductors, and they (i.e., technological channels) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors outside the cleat door towards the mouth of the mine opening functional cavity. And the first of the mutually movable elements has an end surface with larger area facing the mine opening mouth that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of the cleat door in the course of wedging out, with provision of movement for this first element with the wedge surface in relation to the second, mating element that interfaces with it characterized in that the second mutually moveable element is fitted with constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool that is mechanically coupled with this second element in the axial direction, wherein said retaining and measuring tool is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door installation positioning from the mine opening mouth and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the second structural element with the rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said second element in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of mutually movable elements thereof.

5. Mechanical bordering according to claim 4 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale the free end of which functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of the flexible structure).

6. Mechanical bordering according to claim 4 characterized in that the retaining and measuring tool is designed in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of the second structural element (held in axial direction) of the cleat door. However, this bar has L-shaped projection at its end (protruding outside the cleat door) that (i.e. the L-shaped projection) functionally is the reference element for coupling with said rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be the area of the rock surface adjacent to the mouth of mine opening). And this L-shaped projection is fitted with a thrust surface to ensure contact with said area of rock surface.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The mechanical bordering is illustrated by drawings.

[0049] FIG. 1one of possible construction diagrams of a mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door (that can be used for industrial embodiment of the technology for charging of mine opening) according to the first structural embodiment (claims 1-3).

[0050] FIG. 2view A according to FIG. 1.

[0051] FIG. 3flow diagram of mine opening charging implementation with placement of the mechanical bordering construction in its functional cavity in the form of a cleat door according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0052] FIG. 4one of possible construction diagrams of a mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door (that can be used for industrial embodiment of the technology for charging of mine opening) according to the second structural embodiment (claims 4-6).

[0053] FIG. 5view B according to FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Structures and elements of corresponding structural design of mechanical bordering in the form of the cleat door and other structures installed in the functional cavity of the mine opening (blasthole or well) in the drawings are marked as follows: [0055] 1mine opening (technological type for blasting charge planting and associated technological tools); [0056] 2cavity (of functional type for technological mine opening 1); [0057] 3detonator (of blasting charge 5 of explosive); [0058] 4conductors (of initiating impulse of detonator 2); [0059] 5charge (of blasting type of explosive); [0060] 6door (of cleat wedge type); [0061] 7bushing (of external type of cleat door 6 under FIG. 1 and FIG. 2); [0062] 8 and 9structures (of constructional extension type of bushings 7); [0063] 10element (with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 interfacing with structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7); [0064] 11 and 12surfaces (of wedge type of element 10); [0065] 13 and 14surfaces (of internal type of extension structures 8 and 9 respectively of bushing 7); [0066] 15 and 16channels (of technological type for arrangement of initiating impulse conductors 4); [0067] 17mouth (of technological mine openingblasthole or well); [0068] 18tamping rod; [0069] 19tool (of constructional and technological retaining and measuring type); [0070] 20projection (of L-shaped fixing type of retaining and measuring tool 19); [0071] 21area (of rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1); [0072] 22surfaces (of thrust type of L-shaped projection 20); [0073] 23 and 24elements (of mutually movable and constructional type of cleat door 6 under FIG. 4 and FIG. 5); [0074] 25 and 26surfaces (of wedge type of elements 23 and 24 respectively); [0075] 27fixing device (of installation type of elements 23 and 24).

[0076] Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging mine opening 1 in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of wedge type cleat door 6 (in compliance to the first structural embodiment according to claims 1-3, FIGS. 1-3) comprises the following functional elements and structures.

[0077] External bushing 7 with extension structures 8 and 9. Element 10 placed inside its (bushing 7) cavity with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 that interfaces with the inner surfaces 13 and 14 of the bushing extension structures 8 and 9 facing it.

[0078] However, there are technological channels 15 and 16 constructively formed inside said elements of cleat door 6 that functionally are the means for placement of detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors 4 that (i.e. technological channels 15 and 16) are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors 4 outside bushing 7 towards mouth 17 of functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1.

[0079] Bushing 7 is designed with its end surface facing mine opening 1 mouth 17 that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of bushing 7 (or mine opening 1 axis, for example, by means of tamping rod 18) in the process of wedging out of extension structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7 of cleat door 6 while ensuring movement of this bushing 7 in relation to the element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12.

[0080] Element 10 (with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12) is fitted with a constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 that is mechanically coupled with this element 10 in the axial direction.

[0081] However, said retaining and measuring tool 19 is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of cleat door 6 installation positioning from mine opening 1 mouth 17 and, respectively, the tool for coupling of element 10 (with at least one wedge surface) with rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said element 10 (with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12) at the specified installation place of cleat door 6 in the process of wedging out of extension structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7.

[0082] Retaining and measuring tool 19 may be designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference elements in the form of metric scale, the free end of which (i.e. structure) functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure).

[0083] The most preferred method is to make retaining and measuring tool 19 in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12.

[0084] However, this bar shall have L-shaped projection 20 at its end (protruding outside bushing 7 and facing mine opening mouth 17) that functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1). In this case, L-shaped projection 20 shall be fitted with thrust surface 22 for provision of contact with said area 21 of the rock surface.

[0085] It is understood that the particular cases of structural design of mechanical bordering and its retaining and measuring tools (see claims 2 and 3) disclosed in the first structural embodiment of the patentable bordering in the form of a wedge cleat door are not the only possible for implementation of technical result specified in the application materials and are given only as an example of its implementation possibility. Other structural embodiments of mechanical borderings with retaining and measuring tools functionally complying with the features of claim 1 and not disclosed herein are also possible as they are structural and technological know-how of the Applicant.

[0086] Functioning of the claimed mechanical bordering (according to the first industrial embodiment, claims 1-3) is disclosed in details in the example of the method of implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations using this bordering comprising the following.

[0087] This method includes sequential planting of the following items into functional cavity 2 of pre-drilled mine opening 1: [0088] detonator 3 with conductors 4 of initiating impulse; [0089] blasting charge per se 5; [0090] and mechanical bordering in the form of a wedge type cleat door 6 that structurally comprises an external bushing 7 with extension structures 8 and 9 and element 10 placed inside its cavity with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 that interfaces with inner surfaces 13 and 14 of the bushing extension structures facing it.

[0091] Generally, cleat door 6 is made of elastically deformable material (for example, plastic or other polymer material).

[0092] However, before installation of said cleat door 6, detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors 4 are placed inside technological channels 15 and 16 formed in its constructional elements, with extension thereof (conductors 4) outside the functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1.

[0093] Upon insertion of cleat door 6 in mine opening 1 mouth 17, its putting through mine opening 1 by the technological tamping rod 18 at a set distance is performed, and fixation of cleat door 6 in this position is carried out.

[0094] To carry out fixation of cleat door 6, wedging out of bushing 7 extension structures 8 and 9 is performed by external impact in the direction of arrow F on its end surface (located on the side of mine opening mouth) along the mine opening axis by means of said tamping rod 18 towards planted blasting charge 5 ensuring movement of this bushing 7 in the direction of arrow S in relation to element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12.

[0095] In the course of said operation of putting cleat door 6 forward, constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 is used that is fixed axially in relation to said element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 of cleat door 6.

[0096] The distance of the specified installation of cleat door 6 from mine opening 1 mouth 17 is registered by the reference elements. In one of the particular embodiments, for example, constructional and technological fixing projection 20 formed at retaining and measuring tool 19 may be used as the reference element. However, mechanical axial holding of element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12 at the specified installation place of cleat door 6 during wedging out of above extension structures 8 and 9 of bushing 7 of cleat door 6. For this purpose, fixation of retaining and measuring tool 19 in relation to rigid base structure is performed.

[0097] It is acceptable to use flexible structure, for example, in the form of cable or tape with reference elements in the form of metric scale as retaining and measuring tool 19 and operator arm as the rigid base structure holding the free end of cable or tape.

[0098] It is preferably, as pointed out above, to use the element, for example, in the form of a bar with technologically set length as the retaining and measuring tool that is functionally a constructional structure of element 10 with at least one wedge surface 11 and 12. Moreover, this structure shall have L-shaped projection 20 at its end located in mouth 17 area of mine opening 1. In this case it is reasonable to functionally use area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of the mine opening as the rigid base structure that is engaged with thrust surface 22 of L-shaped projection 20 during operation of putting cleat door 6 along mine opening 1.

[0099] Mechanical bordering for implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations is designed in the form of wedge type cleat door 6 (in compliance to the second structural embodiment according to claims 4-6, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5) comprises the following functional elements and structures.

[0100] Two mutually movable constructional elements 23 and 24 with opposing wedge surfaces 25 and 26 that interface with each other when said constructional elements 23 and 24 are in the operating position during wedging out in the course of relative movement.

[0101] Moreover, there are technological channels 15 and 16 constructively formed inside at least one of said elements 23 and 24 of cleat door 6 that functionally are the means for placement of detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors. These technological channels 15 and 16 are spatially arranged so as to provide for output of the free ends of said conductors 4 outside cleat door 6 and, respectively, outside the functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1.

[0102] The first of mutually movable elements 23 has an end surface with larger area facing the mine opening 1 mouth 17 that functionally is a thrust surface for provision of external dynamic impact thereon along the axis of cleat door 6 (or functional cavity 2 of mine opening 1) in the course of wedging out, with provision of movement for this first element 23 with the wedge surface in relation to the second, mating element 24 that interfaces with it.

[0103] The second mutually moveable element 24 of cleat door 6 is fitted with constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 that is mechanically coupled with this second element 24 in the axial direction.

[0104] However, said retaining and measuring tool 19 is fitted with constructional and technological reference elements and functionally is the tool for identification of the specified cleat door 6 installation positioning from the mine opening 1 mouth 17 and, accordingly, is the tool for coupling of the second structural element 24 with the rigid base structure to ensure fixation of said second element 24 in set position at the specified cleat door installation site in the process of wedging out of mutually movable elements 23 and 24 thereof.

[0105] Retaining and measuring tool may be designed in the form of a flexible structure (e.g. in the form of a cable or tape) with reference marks in the form of metric scale, the free end of which (i.e. structure) functionally is the coupling element with said rigid base structure (e.g. operator arm holding the free end of such structure).

[0106] The most preferred method is to make retaining and measuring tool 19 in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of the second structural element 24 (held in axial direction) of the cleat door;

[0107] However, this bar has L-shaped projection 20 at its end (protruding outside cleat door 6 and facing mine opening 1 mouth 17) that functionally is the reference element for coupling with said rigid base structure (which, for example, functionally can be area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1).

[0108] In this case, L-shaped projection 20 shall be fitted with thrust surface 22 for provision of contact with said area 21 of the rock surface.

[0109] It is understood that the particular cases of structural design of retaining and measuring tools (see claims 5 and 6) disclosed in the second structural embodiment of the patentable bordering in the form of a wedge cleat door are not the only possible for implementation of technical result specified in the application materials and are given only as an example of its implementation possibility. Other structural embodiments of mechanical borderings with retaining and measuring tools functionally complying with the features of claim 1 and not disclosed herein are also possible as they are structural and technological know-how of the Applicant.

[0110] Functioning of the claimed mechanical bordering (according to the second industrial embodiment, claims 4-6) is disclosed in details in the example of the method of implementation of the technology for charging the mine opening in the form of the blasthole or the well during drilling and blasting operations using this bordering comprising the following.

[0111] A method of implementation of the technology for charging mine opening 1 in the form of a blasthole or a well during drilling and blasting operations, according to the industrial embodiment using mechanical bordering design as per its second patentable embodiment comprising the following.

[0112] Sequential planting of the following items into functional cavity 2 of pre-drilled mine opening 1 is carried out in the considered method: [0113] detonator 3 with conductors 4 of initiating impulse; [0114] blasting charge per se 5; [0115] and mechanical bordering in the form of a cleat door of wedge type that constructively comprises two mutually movable constructional elements 23 and 24 with opposing wedge surfaces 25 and 26 that interface with each other in the course of relative movement of said constructive elements 23 and 24.

[0116] However, before installation of said cleat door 6, the detonator 3 initiating impulse conductors 4 are placed inside technological channels 15 and 16 formed in its constructional elements 23 and 24, with extension thereof (conductors 4) outside the functional cavity 2 of a mine opening 1.

[0117] Elements 23 and 24 are temporary fixed by means of fixing device 27 in installation-ready cleat door 6.

[0118] Upon insertion of cleat door 6 in mine opening 1 mouth 17, its putting through mine opening 1 by the technological tamping rod 18 at a set distance is performed, and fixation of cleat door 6 in this position is carried out.

[0119] To carry out above fixation, wedging out of mutually movable constructional elements 23 and 24 of cleat door 6 is performed by external impact on the face of corresponding element 23 with wedge surface 25 along mine opening 1 axis by means of said tamping rod 18 towards planted blasting charge 5 ensuring movement of this element 23 with wedge surface 25 in relation to the second, mating element 24 that interfaces therewith (in this case fixing device 27 is disengaged or extended).

[0120] In the course of said operation of putting cleat door 6 forward, constructional and technological retaining and measuring tool 19 is used that is fixed axially in relation to said second, mating element 24 of cleat door 6.

[0121] The distance of the specified installation of cleat door 6 from mine opening 1 mouth 17 is registered by the reference elements or by constructional and technological fixing projection 20 formed on reference measuring tool 19 (that, in this case, functionally is the reference element for coupling with rigid base structure).

[0122] In the course of wedging out of said mutually movable elements 23 and 24 of cleat door 6, mechanical axial holding of the element 24 associated with the reference measuring tool 19 is performed along the axis of the specified installation place of cleat door 6. For this purpose, fixation of reference measuring tool 19 in relation to rigid base structure is performed.

[0123] It is acceptable to use cable or tape with reference elements in the form of metric scale as reference measuring tool 19 and, thus, the operator arm as the rigid base structure holding the free end of cable or tape.

[0124] The most preferable method, as pointed out above, to use the element, for example, in the form of a bar with technologically set length that is functionally a constructional structure of corresponding structural element 24 held in axial direction of cleat door 6 as retaining and measuring tool 19. In this case, this structure shall have L-shaped projection 20 at its end located in mouth 17 area of mine opening 1 In this case it is reasonable to functionally use area 21 of the rock surface adjacent to mouth 17 of mine opening 1 as the rigid base structure that is engaged with thrust surface 22 of L-shaped projection 20 during operation of putting cleat door 6 along mine opening 1.

[0125] It is particularly apparent that the following items may be used as initiating impulse conductors 4 in any variant of implementation of the method utilizing patentable structural embodiments of mechanical borderings: electric wires, blasting fuse with thermal flammable substance or duct preferably of fiber optics (depending on the design of the used blasting charge detonator).

[0126] Thus, the abovementioned information demonstrates fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed technical solutions: [0127] the subject matters embodying the claimed technical solutions during their industrial implementation are to be used in the field of drilling and blasting operations in hard rocks, and they may be used in the industry fields where blasting operations are applied (preferably in rock masses of hard rocks, i.e. at ore mining and non-metal mining facilities), as well as: in demolition of buildings, modules, crushing out of foundations and caked ore; in blasting operations in underground and exploring mines; in blasting operations during construction of tunnels and subway tunnel lines, etc.; [0128] for the claimed subject matters in the same form as they were characterized in independent claims stated below, the possibility of their use is approved by using means and methods described above in the application or known in the prior art as of the priority date; [0129] the subject matters embodying the claimed technical solutions during their implementation can provide achieving of the technical result noticed by the applicant: provision of bordering fixation in the form of cleat door 6 in operating (i.e. fixed in mine opening 1) position at a technologically set distance away from the mine opening 1 mouth 17 that provides complete prevention from dynamic contact with the blasting charge 5 explosive while simplifying the construction of cleat door 6 used in the method implementation by removal of the power cylinder from it.

[0130] Therefore, the claimed technical solutions comply with the requirement of industrial applicability patentability conditions according to applicable legislation.