Sphinogosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators for treatment of cardiopulmonary disorders

Abstract

The invention provides compounds effective as sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators for treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as hypertension (including malignant hypertension), angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, dysrhythmias, cardiomyothopy (including hypertropic cardiomyothopy), heart failure, cardiac arrest, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, croup, emphysema, pleurisy, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, mesothelioma, ventricular conduction abnormalities, complete heart block, adult respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, prevention of keloid formation, or cirrhosis.

Claims

1. A compound of formula (TB) ##STR00950## wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each independently selected (C6-C10)aryl and Ar.sup.3 is a (5- to 10-membered)heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl ring system of AO, Ar.sup.2, or Ar.sup.3 is optionally fused with a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclyl ring; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, or Ar.sup.3 is each optionally independently mono- or multi-substituted with up to three substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)alkyl, (C2-C4)alkenyl, halo, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, monohydroxy(C1-C4)alkyl, dihydroxy(C2-C4)alkyl, monohydroxy(C1-C4)alkoxy, dihydroxy(C2-C4)alkoxy, (C2-C6)acyl, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, carboxy(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, oxo, cyano, NR.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, NR.sub.2C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, NR.sub.2C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, (C1-C4)C(O)N(R), (C1-C4)OC(O)N(R), CNOR, (C3-C10)cycloalkyl, (5- to 10-membered)heterocyclyl, (C6-C10)aryl, and (5- to 10-membered) heteroaryl; wherein any cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl substituent of AO, Ar.sup.2, or Ar.sup.3 is itself optionally substituted with up to three secondary substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)alkyl, (C2-C4)alkenyl, halo, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, OH, monohydroxy(C1-C4)alkyl, dihydroxy(C2-C4)alkyl, monohydroxy(C1-C4)alkoxy, dihydroxy(C2-C4)alkoxy, (C1-C4)alkoxy, (C2-C6)acyl, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, carboxy(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, oxo, cyano, NR.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, NR.sub.2C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, NR.sub.2C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2O(CH.sub.2).sub.0-2, (C1-C4)C(O)N(R), (C1-C4)OC(O)N(R), and CNOR; each R is independently H, (C1-C4)alkyl, hydroxy(C2-C4)alkyl, cyano, or ((C1-C4)alkyl-O).sub.1-2(C1-C4)alkyl, or two R groups together with an atom to which they are both joined can form a ring; each R is independently H, (C1-C4)alkyl, hydroxy(C2-C4)alkyl, (CH.sub.2).sub.0-2C(O)O(C1-C4)alkyl, or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl; ##STR00951## wherein X is NR and L is a bond or is C(O), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar.sup.3 is pyridyl or quinolyl.

3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are phenyl.

4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

5. A method of treatment of a cardiopulmonary disease in a patient afflicted therewith, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease is asthma or a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease comprises sepsis.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease is coronary atherosclerosis.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease comprises a clinical syndrome characterized by bronchoconstriction, pulmonary fibrosis, coronary artery constriction, cytokine amplification by dendritic cells, or the generation of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

10. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease comprises inflammation by influenza infection.

11. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease is cardiovascular disease, hypertension (including malignant hypertension), angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, dysrhythmias, cardiomyothopy (including hypertropic cardiomyothopy), heart failure, cardiac arrest, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, croup, emphysema, pleurisy, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, mesothelioma, ventricular conduction abnormalities, complete heart block, adult respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, prevention of keloid formation, or cirrhosis.

12. A compound, comprising any one of the following: ##STR00952## ##STR00953## ##STR00954## ##STR00955## ##STR00956## ##STR00957## ##STR00958## ##STR00959## ##STR00960## ##STR00961## ##STR00962## ##STR00963## ##STR00964## ##STR00965## ##STR00966## ##STR00967## ##STR00968## ##STR00969## ##STR00970## ##STR00971## ##STR00972## ##STR00973## ##STR00974## ##STR00975## ##STR00976## ##STR00977## ##STR00978## ##STR00979## ##STR00980## ##STR00981## ##STR00982## ##STR00983## ##STR00984## ##STR00985## ##STR00986## ##STR00987## ##STR00988## ##STR00989## ##STR00990## ##STR00991## ##STR00992## ##STR00993## ##STR00994## ##STR00995## ##STR00996## ##STR00997## ##STR00998## ##STR00999## ##STR01000## ##STR01001## ##STR01002## ##STR01003## ##STR01004## ##STR01005## ##STR01006## ##STR01007## ##STR01008## ##STR01009## ##STR01010## ##STR01011## ##STR01012## ##STR01013## ##STR01014## ##STR01015## ##STR01016## ##STR01017## ##STR01018## ##STR01019## ##STR01020## ##STR01021## ##STR01022## ##STR01023## ##STR01024## ##STR01025## ##STR01026## ##STR01027## ##STR01028## ##STR01029## ##STR01030## ##STR01031## ##STR01032## ##STR01033## ##STR01034## ##STR01035## ##STR01036## ##STR01037## ##STR01038## ##STR01039##

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Definitions

(1) As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an and the include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

(2) The term about as used herein, when referring to a numerical value or range, allows for a degree of variability in the value or range, for example, within 10%, or within 5% of a stated value or of a stated limit of a range.

(3) The term disease or disorder or malcondition are used interchangeably, and are used to refer to diseases or conditions wherein a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor plays a role in the biochemical mechanisms involved in the disease or malcondition or symptom(s) thereof such that a therapeutically beneficial effect can be achieved by acting on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, e.g. with an effective amount or concentration of a synthetic ligand of the invention. Acting on a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, or modulating a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor, can include binding to the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and/or inhibiting the bioactivity of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and/or allosterically regulating the bioactivity of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor in vivo.

(4) The expression effective amount, when used to describe therapy to an individual suffering from a disorder, refers to the quantity or concentration of a compound of the invention that is effective to inhibit or otherwise act on a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor in the individual's tissues wherein the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor involved in the disorder, wherein such inhibition or other action occurs to an extent sufficient to produce a beneficial therapeutic effect.

(5) Treating or treatment within the meaning herein refers to an alleviation of symptoms associated with a disorder or disease, or inhibition of further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or prevention or prophylaxis of the disease or disorder, or curing the disease or disorder. Similarly, as used herein, an effective amount or a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention refers to an amount of the compound that alleviates, in whole or in part, symptoms associated with the disorder or condition, or halts or slows further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or prevents, or provides prophylaxis for, the disorder or condition. In particular, a therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic result. A therapeutically effective amount is also one in which any toxic or detrimental effects of compounds of the invention are outweighed by, the therapeutically beneficial effects.

(6) It is to be further understood that where descriptions of various embodiments use the term comprising, those skilled in the art would understand that in some specific instances, an embodiment can be alternatively described using language consisting essentially of or consisting of.

(7) By chemically feasible is meant a bonding arrangement or a compound where the generally understood rules of organic structure are not violated; for example a structure within a definition of a claim that would contain in certain situations, e.g., a pentavalent carbon atom that would not exist in nature would be understood to not be within the claim. The structures disclosed herein, in all of their embodiments are intended to include only chemically feasible structures, and any recited structures that are not chemically feasible, for example in a structure shown with variable atoms or groups, are not intended to be disclosed or claimed herein.

(8) When a substituent is specified to be an atom or atoms of specified identity, or a bond, a configuration is referred to when the substituent is a bond that the groups that are immediately adjacent to the specified substituent are directly connected to each other in a chemically feasible bonding configuration.

(9) All single enantiomer, diastereomeric, and racemic forms of a structure are intended, unless a particular stereochemistry or isomeric form is specifically indicated. In several instances though an individual stereoisomer is described among specifically claimed compounds, the stereochemical designation does not imply that alternate isomeric forms are less preferred, undesired, or not claimed. Compounds used in the present invention can include enriched or resolved optical isomers at any or all asymmetric atoms as are apparent from the depictions, at any degree of enrichment. Both racemic and diastereomeric mixtures, as well as the individual optical isomers can be isolated or synthesized so as to be substantially free of their enantiomeric or diastereomeric partners, and these are all within the scope of the invention.

(10) As used herein, the terms stable compound and stable structure are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent. Only stable compounds are contemplated herein.

(11) When a group is recited, wherein the group can be present in more than a single orientation within a structure resulting in more than single molecular structure, e.g., a carboxamide group C(O)NR, it is understood that the group can be present in any possible orientation, e.g., XC(O)N(R)Y or XN(R)C(O)Y, unless the context clearly limits the orientation of the group within the molecular structure.

(12) Substituted ring groups such as substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl groups also include rings and fused ring systems in which a bond to a hydrogen atom is replaced with a bond to a carbon atom, or to a substituent group as defined above. Therefore, substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl groups can also be substituted with alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, or with the substituent groups listed above or other substituent groups know to persons of ordinary skill in the art.

(13) By a ring system as the term is used herein is meant a moiety comprising one, two, three or more rings, which can be substituted with non-ring groups or with other ring systems, or both, which can be fully saturated, partially unsaturated, fully unsaturated, or aromatic, and when the ring system includes more than a single ring, the rings can be fused, bridging, or spirocyclic.

(14) Ring systems can be mono- or independently multi-substituted with substituents as are described above. By spirocyclic is meant the class of structures wherein two rings are fused at a single tetrahedral carbon atom, as is well known in the art.

(15) As to any of the groups described herein, which contain one or more substituents, it is understood, of course, that such groups do not contain any substitution or substitution patterns which are sterically impractical and/or synthetically non-feasible. In addition, the compounds of this disclosed subject matter include all stereochemical isomers arising from the substitution of these compounds.

(16) When a number of carbon atoms in a group, e.g., an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, etc., is specified as a range, each individual integral number representing the number of carbon atoms is intended. For example, recitation of a (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl group indicates that the alkyl group can be any of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl. It is understood that a specification of a number of carbon atoms must be an integer.

(17) When a number of atoms in a ring is specified, e.g., a 3- to 9-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring, the cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring can include any of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 atoms. A cycloalkyl ring is carbocyclic; a heterocyclyl ring can include atoms of any element in addition to carbon capable of forming two or more bonds, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and the like. The number of atoms in a ring is understood to necessarily be an integer.

(18) Alkyl groups include straight chain and branched carbon-based groups having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and typically from 1 to 12 carbons or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of straight chain alkyl groups include those with from 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and n-octyl groups. Examples of branched alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, isopropyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, and 2,2-dimethylpropyl groups. As used herein, the term alkyl encompasses n-alkyl, isoalkyl, and anteisoalkyl groups as well as other branched chain forms of alkyl. Representative substituted alkyl groups can be substituted one or more times with any of the substituent groups listed above, for example, amino, hydroxy, cyano, carboxy, nitro, thio, alkoxy, and halogen groups. Exemplary alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, straight or branched hydrocarbons of 1-6, 1-4, or 1-3 carbon atoms, referred to herein as C.sub.1-6alkyl, C.sub.1-4alkyl, and C.sub.1-3alkyl, respectively. Exemplary alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, etc.

(19) Cycloalkyl groups are groups containing one or more carbocyclic ring including, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group can have 3 to about 8-12 ring members, whereas in other embodiments the number of ring carbon atoms range from 3 to 4, 5, 6, or 7. Cycloalkyl groups further include polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as, but not limited to, norbornyl, adamantyl, bornyl, camphenyl, isocamphenyl, and carenyl groups, and fused rings such as, but not limited to, decalinyl, and the like. Cycloalkyl groups also include rings that are substituted with straight or branched chain alkyl groups as defined above.

(20) Alkenyl groups include straight and branched chain and cyclic alkyl groups as defined above, except that at least one double bond exists between two carbon atoms. Thus, alkenyl groups have from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, and typically from 2 to 12 carbons or, in some embodiments, from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to vinyl, CHCH(CH.sub.3), CHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2, C(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2, C(CH.sub.3)CH(CH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexadienyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, and hexadienyl among others. Exemplary alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, a straight or branched group of 2-6 or 3-4 carbon atoms, referred to herein as C.sub.2-6alkenyl, and C.sub.3-4alkenyl, respectively. Exemplary alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, etc.

(21) Aryl groups are cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that do not contain heteroatoms in the ring. An aromatic compound, as is well-known in the art, is a multiply-unsaturated cyclic system that contains 4n+2 electrons where n is an integer. Thus aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, azulenyl, heptalenyl, biphenyl, indacenyl, fluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, naphthacenyl, chrysenyl, biphenylenyl, anthracenyl, and naphthyl groups. In some embodiments, aryl groups contain about 6 to about 14 carbons in the ring portions of the groups. Aryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted, as defined above. Representative substituted aryl groups can be mono-substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted phenyl or 2-8 substituted naphthyl groups, which can be substituted with carbon or non-carbon groups such as those listed above.

(22) Aralkyl, also termed arylalkyl, groups are alkyl groups as defined above in which a hydrogen or carbon bond of an alkyl group is replaced with a bond to an aryl group as defined above. Representative aralkyl groups include benzyl and phenylethyl groups and fused (cycloalkylaryl)alkyl groups such as 4-ethyl-indanyl. Aralkenyl group are alkenyl groups as defined above in which a hydrogen or carbon bond of an alkyl group is replaced with a bond to an aryl group as defined above.

(23) Heterocyclyl groups or the term heterocyclyl includes aromatic and non-aromatic ring compounds containing 3 or more ring members, of which one or more ring atom is a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, N, O, and S. Thus a heterocyclyl can be a cycloheteroalkyl, or a heteroaryl, or if polycyclic, any combination thereof. In some embodiments, heterocyclyl groups include 3 to about 20 ring members, whereas other such groups have 3 to about 15 ring members. A heterocyclyl group designated as a C.sub.2-heterocyclyl can be a 5-ring with two carbon atoms and three heteroatoms, a 6-ring with two carbon atoms and four heteroatoms and so forth. Likewise a C.sub.4-heterocyclyl can be a 5-ring with one heteroatom, a 6-ring with two heteroatoms, and so forth. The number of carbon atoms plus the number of heteroatoms sums up to equal the total number of ring atoms. Ring sizes can also be expressed by the total number of atoms in the ring, e.g., a 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl group, counting both carbon and non-carbon ring atoms. A heterocyclyl ring can also include one or more double bonds. A heteroaryl ring is an embodiment of a heterocyclyl group. The term heterocyclyl group includes fused ring species including those comprising fused aromatic and non-aromatic groups. For example, a dioxolanyl ring and a benzdioxolanyl ring system (methylenedioxyphenyl ring system) are both heterocyclyl groups within the meaning herein. The term also includes polycyclic, e.g., bicyclo- and tricyclo-ring systems containing one or more heteroatom such as, but not limited to, quinuclidyl.

(24) Heterocyclyl groups can be unsubstituted, or can be substituted as discussed above. Heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, indolyl, dihydroindolyl, azaindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, azabenzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolopyridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, and quinazolinyl groups. Representative substituted heterocyclyl groups can be mono-substituted or substituted more than once, such as, but not limited to, piperidinyl or quinolinyl groups, which are 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-substituted, or disubstituted with groups such as those listed above.

(25) Heteroaryl groups are aromatic ring compounds containing 5 or more ring members, of which, one or more is a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, N, O, and S; for instance, heteroaryl rings can have 5 to about 8-12 ring members. A heteroaryl group is a variety of a heterocyclyl group that possesses an aromatic electronic structure, which is a multiply-unsaturated cyclic system that contains 4n+2 it electrons wherein n is an integer A heteroaryl group designated as a C.sub.2-heteroaryl can be a 5-ring (i.e., a 5-membered ring) with two carbon atoms and three heteroatoms, a 6-ring (i.e., a 6-membered ring) with two carbon atoms and four heteroatoms and so forth. Likewise a C.sub.4-heteroaryl can be a 5-ring with one heteroatom, a 6-ring with two heteroatoms, and so forth. The number of carbon atoms plus the number of heteroatoms sums up to equal the total number of ring atoms. Heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups such as pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, azabenzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolopyridinyl, thianaphthalenyl, purinyl, xanthinyl, adeninyl, guaninyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, and quinazolinyl groups. Heteroaryl groups can be unsubstituted, or can be substituted with substituent groups as is discussed above. Representative substituted heteroaryl groups can be substituted one or more times with independently selected groups such as those listed above.

(26) Additional examples of aryl and heteroaryl groups include but are not limited to phenyl, biphenyl, indenyl, naphthyl (1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl), N-hydroxytetrazolyl, N-hydroxytriazolyl, N-hydroxyimidazolyl, anthracenyl (1-anthracenyl, 2-anthracenyl, 3-anthracenyl), thiophenyl (2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), furyl (2-furyl, 3-furyl), indolyl, oxadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, fluorenyl, xanthenyl, isoindanyl, benzhydryl, acridinyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl (2-pyrrolyl), pyrazolyl (3-pyrazolyl), imidazolyl (1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), triazolyl (1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-2-yl 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl), oxazolyl (2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl), thiazolyl (2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), pyridyl (2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), pyrimidinyl (2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 6-pyrimidinyl), pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl (3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 5-pyridazinyl), quinolyl (2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 5-quinolyl, 6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 8-quinolyl), isoquinolyl (1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl, 4-isoquinolyl, 5-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl, 7-isoquinolyl, 8-isoquinolyl), benzo[b]furanyl (2-benzo[b]furanyl, 3-benzo[b]furanyl, 4-benzo[b]furanyl, 5-benzo[b]furanyl, 6-benzo[b]furanyl, 7-benzo[b]furanyl), 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl (2-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 5-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 6-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), 7-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]furanyl), benzo[b]thiophenyl (2-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 3-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 4-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 5-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 6-benzo[b]thiophenyl, 7-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl, (2-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 3-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 5-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 6-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), 7-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophenyl), indolyl (1-indolyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 5-indolyl, 6-indolyl, 7-indolyl), indazole (1-indazolyl, 3-indazolyl, 4-indazolyl, 5-indazolyl, 6-indazolyl, 7-indazolyl), benzimidazolyl (1-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 4-benzimidazolyl, 5-benzimidazolyl, 6-benzimidazolyl, 7-benzimidazolyl, 8-benzimidazolyl), benzoxazolyl (1-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzoxazolyl), benzothiazolyl (1-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 4-benzothiazolyl, 5-benzothiazolyl, 6-benzothiazolyl, 7-benzothiazolyl), carbazolyl (1-carbazolyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl, 4-carbazolyl), 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine (5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-1-yl, 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-2-yl, 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-3-yl, 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-4-yl, 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-yl), 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine (10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-1-yl, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-2-yl, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-3-yl, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-4-yl, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine-5-yl), and the like.

(27) Any heterocyclyl or heteroaryl comprising nitrogen can be an N-oxide or N-metho salt or other N-quaternarized salt thereof; when a cationic N-quaternarized salt is present, it is understood that an anionic counterion is present for charge balance. Any heterocyclyl or heteroaryl comprising sulfur can be an sulfoxide or sulfone or an S-metho salt or other S-alkylated salt thereof; when a cationic S-alkylated salt is present, it is understood that an anionic counterion is present for charge balance.

(28) The term alkoxy or alkoxyl refers to an oxygen atom connected to an alkyl group, including a cycloalkyl group, as are defined above. Examples of linear alkoxy groups include but are not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, and the like. Examples of branched alkoxy include but are not limited to isopropoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, isopentyloxy, isohexyloxy, and the like. Exemplary alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, alkoxy groups of 1-6 or 2-6 carbon atoms, referred to herein as C.sub.1-6alkoxy, and C.sub.2-6 alkoxy, respectively. Exemplary alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc.

(29) An alkoxy group can include one to about 12-20 carbon atoms bonded to the oxygen atom, and can further include double or triple bonds, and can also include heteroatoms. For example, an allyloxy group is an alkoxy group within the meaning herein. A methoxyethoxy group is also an alkoxy group within the meaning herein, as is a methylenedioxy group in a context where two adjacent atoms of a structures are substituted therewith.

(30) The terms halo or halogen or halide by themselves or as part of another substituent mean, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom, preferably, fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.

(31) A haloalkyl group includes mono-halo alkyl groups, poly-halo alkyl groups wherein all halo atoms can be the same or different, and per-halo alkyl groups, wherein all hydrogen atoms are replaced by the same or differing halogen atoms, such as fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include trifluoromethyl, 1,1-dichloroethyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl, 1,3-dibromo-3,3-difluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, and the like.

(32) An acyl group as the term is used herein refers to a group containing a carbonyl moiety wherein the group is bonded via the carbonyl carbon atom. The carbonyl carbon atom is also bonded to another carbon atom, which can be part of an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl group or the like. In the special case wherein the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom, the group is a formyl group, also an example of an acyl group as the term is defined herein. An acyl group can include 0 to about 12-20 additional carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl group. An acyl group can include double or triple bonds within the meaning herein. An acryloyl group is an example of a double bond-containing acyl group. An acyl group can also include heteroatoms within the meaning here. A nicotinoyl group (pyridyl-3-carbonyl) group is an example of an acyl group within the meaning herein. Other examples include acetyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl, pyridylacetyl, cinnamoyl, and acryloyl groups and the like. When the group containing the carbon atom that is bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom contains a halogen, the group is termed a haloacyl group. An example is a trifluoroacetyl group.

(33) The term amine includes primary, secondary, and tertiary amines having, e.g., the formula N(group).sub.3 wherein each group can independently be H or non-H, such as alkyl, aryl, and the like. Amines include but are not limited to RNH.sub.2, wherein R is a carbon-based moiety, for example, alkylamines, arylamines, alkylarylamines; R.sub.2NH wherein each R is independently selected carbon-based moiety, such as dialkylamines, diarylamines, aralkylamines, heterocyclylamines and the like; and R.sub.3N wherein each R is independently selected carbon-based moiety, such as trialkylamines, dialkylarylamines, alkyldiarylamines, triarylamines, and the like. The term amine as used herein also includes positively charged (cationic) forms such as amine salts and quaternarized amines.

(34) An amino group is a substituent group of the form NH.sub.2, NHR, NR.sub.2, or NR.sub.3.sup.+, wherein each R is an independently selected carbon-based group, and protonated forms of each, except for NR.sub.3.sup.+, which cannot be protonated. Accordingly, any compound substituted with an amino group can be viewed as an amine. An amino group within the meaning herein can be a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group. An alkylamino group includes a monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, and trialkylamino (trialkylammonium) group.

(35) An ammonium ion includes the unsubstituted ammonium ion NH.sub.4.sup.+, but unless otherwise specified, it also includes any protonated or quaternarized forms of amines. Thus, trimethylammonium hydrochloride and tetramethylammonium chloride are both ammonium ions, and amines, within the meaning herein.

(36) The term amide (or amido) includes C- and N-amide groups, i.e., C(O)NR.sub.2, and NRC(O)R groups, respectively. Amide groups therefore include but are not limited to primary carboxamide groups (C(O)NH.sub.2) and formamide groups (NHC(O)H). A carboxamido group is a group of the formula C(O)NR.sub.2, wherein R can be H, alkyl, aryl, etc.

(37) Standard abbreviations for chemical groups such as are well known in the art are used; e.g., Me=methyl, Et=ethyl, i-Pr=isopropyl, Bu=butyl, t-Bu=tert-butyl, Ph=phenyl, Bn=benzyl, Ac=acetyl, Bz=benzoyl, and the like.

(38) A salt as is well known in the art includes an organic compound such as a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, or an amine, in ionic form, in combination with a counterion. For example, acids in their anionic form can form salts with cations such as metal cations, for example sodium, potassium, and the like; with ammonium salts such as NH.sub.4.sup.+ or the cations of various amines, including tetraalkyl ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium, or other cations such as trimethylsulfonium, and the like. A pharmaceutically acceptable or pharmacologically acceptable salt is a salt formed from an ion that has been approved for human consumption and is generally non-toxic, such as a chloride salt or a sodium salt. A zwitterion is an internal salt such as can be formed in a molecule that has at least two ionizable groups, one forming an anion and the other a cation, which serve to balance each other. For example, amino acids such as glycine can exist in a zwitterionic form. A zwitterion is a salt within the meaning herein. The compounds of the present invention may take the form of salts. The term salts embraces addition salts of free acids or free bases which are compounds of the invention. Salts can be pharmaceutically-acceptable salts. The term pharmaceutically-acceptable salt refers to salts which possess toxicity profiles within a range that affords utility in pharmaceutical applications. Pharmaceutically unacceptable salts may nonetheless possess properties such as high crystallinity, which have utility in the practice of the present invention, such as for example utility in process of synthesis, purification or formulation of compounds of the invention.

(39) Pharmaceutically or pharmacologically acceptable include molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse, allergic or other untoward reaction when administered to an animal, or a human, as appropriate. For human administration, preparations should meet sterility, pyrogenicity, and general safety and purity standards as required by FDA Office of Biologics standards.

(40) Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from an inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids. Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which include formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucuronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, pantothenic, trifluoromethanesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic, alginic, -hydroxybutyric, salicylic, galactaric and galacturonic acid. Examples of pharmaceutically unacceptable acid addition salts include, for example, perchlorates and tetrafluoroborates.

(41) If a value of a variable that is necessarily an integer, e.g., the number of carbon atoms in an alkyl group or the number of substituents on a ring, is described as a range, e.g., 0-4, what is meant is that the value can be any integer between 0 and 4 inclusive, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

(42) In various embodiments, the compound or set of compounds, such as are used in the inventive methods, can be any one of any of the combinations and/or sub-combinations of the above-listed embodiments.

(43) In various embodiments, a compound as shown in any of the Examples, or among the exemplary compounds, is provided. Provisos may apply to any of the disclosed categories or embodiments wherein any one or more of the other above disclosed embodiments or species may be excluded from such categories or embodiments.

(44) The compounds described herein can be prepared in a number of ways based on the teachings contained herein and synthetic procedures known in the art. In the description of the synthetic methods described below, it is to be understood that all proposed reaction conditions, including choice of solvent, reaction atmosphere, reaction temperature, duration of the experiment and workup procedures, can be chosen to be the conditions standard for that reaction, unless otherwise indicated. It is understood by one skilled in the art of organic synthesis that the functionality present on various portions of the molecule should be compatible with the reagents and reactions proposed. Substituents not compatible with the reaction conditions will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and alternate methods are therefore indicated. The starting materials for the examples are either commercially available or are readily prepared by standard methods from known materials. All commercially available chemicals were obtained from Aldrich, Alfa Aesare, Wako, Acros, Fisher, Fluka, Maybridge or the like and were used without further purification, except where noted. Dry solvents are obtained, for example, by passing these through activated alumina columns.

(45) The present invention further embraces isolated compounds of the invention. The expression isolated compound refers to a preparation of a compound of the invention, or a mixture of compounds the invention, wherein the isolated compound has been separated from the reagents used, and/or byproducts formed, in the synthesis of the compound or compounds. Isolated does not mean that the preparation is technically pure (homogeneous), but it is sufficiently pure to compound in a form in which it can be used therapeutically. Preferably an isolated compound refers to a preparation of a compound of the invention or a mixture of compounds of the invention, which contains the named compound or mixture of compounds of the invention in an amount of at least 10 percent by weight of the total weight. Preferably the preparation contains the named compound or mixture of compounds in an amount of at least 50 percent by weight of the total weight; more preferably at least 80 percent by weight of the total weight; and most preferably at least 90 percent, at least 95 percent or at least 98 percent by weight of the total weight of the preparation.

(46) The compounds of the invention and intermediates may be isolated from their reaction mixtures and purified by standard techniques such as filtration, liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, distillation, recrystallization or chromatography, including flash column chromatography, or HPLC.

(47) Tautomerism

(48) Within the present invention it is to be understood that a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof may exhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism whereby two chemical compounds that are capable of facile interconversion by exchanging a hydrogen atom between two atoms, to either of which it forms a covalent bond. Since the tautomeric compounds exist in mobile equilibrium with each other they may be regarded as different isomeric forms of the same compound. It is to be understood that the formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms. However, it is also to be understood that the invention encompasses any tautomeric form, and is not to be limited merely to any one tautomeric form utilized within the formulae drawings. The formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms and it is to be understood that the specification encompasses all possible tautomeric forms of the compounds drawn not just those forms which it has been convenient to show graphically herein. For example, tautomerism may be exhibited by a pyrazolyl group bonded as indicated by the wavy line. While both substituents would be termed a 4-pyrazolyl group, it is evident that a different nitrogen atom bears the hydrogen atom in each structure.

(49) ##STR00008##

(50) Such tautomerism can also occur with substituted pyrazoles such as 3-methyl, 5-methyl, or 3,5-dimethylpyrazoles, and the like. Another example of tautomerism is amido-imido (lactam-lactim when cyclic) tautomerism, such as is seen in heterocyclic compounds bearing a ring oxygen atom adjacent to a ring nitrogen atom. For example, the equilibrium:

(51) ##STR00009##
is an example of tautomerism. Accordingly, a structure depicted herein as one tautomer is intended to also include the other tautomer.
Optical Isomerism

(52) It will be understood that when compounds of the present invention contain one or more chiral centers, the compounds may exist in, and may be isolated as single and substantially pure enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms or as racemic mixtures. The present invention therefore includes any possible enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates or mixtures thereof of the compounds of the invention.

(53) The compounds of the invention, or compounds used in practicing methods of the invention, may contain one or more chiral centers and, therefore, exist as stereoisomers. The term stereoisomers when used herein consist of all enantiomers or diastereomers. These compounds may be designated by the symbols (+), (), R or S, depending on the configuration of substituents around the stereogenic carbon atom, but the skilled artisan will recognize that a structure may denote a chiral center implicitly. The present invention encompasses various stereoisomers of these compounds and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers may be designated () in nomenclature, but the skilled artisan will recognize that a structure may denote a chiral center implicitly.

(54) The compounds of the disclosure may contain one or more double bonds and, therefore, exist as geometric isomers resulting from the arrangement of substituents around a carbon-carbon double bond. The symbol denotes a bond that may be a single, double or triple bond as described herein. Substituents around a carbon-carbon double bond are designated as being in the Z or E configuration wherein the terms Z and E are used in accordance with IUPAC standards. Unless otherwise specified, structures depicting double bonds encompass both the E and Z isomers. Substituents around a carbon-carbon double bond alternatively can be referred to as cis or trans, where cis represents substituents on the same side of the double bond and trans represents substituents on opposite sides of the double bond.

(55) Compounds of the invention, or compounds used in practicing methods of the invention, may contain a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring and therefore, exist as geometric isomers resulting from the arrangement of substituents around the ring. The arrangement of substituents around a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring are designated as being in the Z or E configuration wherein the terms Z and E are used in accordance with IUPAC standards. Unless otherwise specified, structures depicting carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings encompass both Z and E isomers. Substituents around a carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings may also be referred to as cis or trans, where the term cis represents substituents on the same side of the plane of the ring and the term trans represents substituents on opposite sides of the plane of the ring. Mixtures of compounds wherein the substituents are disposed on both the same and opposite sides of plane of the ring are designated cis/trans.

(56) Individual enantiomers and diastereomers of contemplated compounds can be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials that contain asymmetric or stereogenic centers, or by preparation of racemic mixtures followed by resolution methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. These methods of resolution are exemplified by (1) attachment of a mixture of enantiomers to a chiral auxiliary, separation of the resulting mixture of diastereomers by recrystallization or chromatography and liberation of the optically pure product from the auxiliary, (2) salt formation employing an optically active resolving agent, (3) direct separation of the mixture of optical enantiomers on chiral liquid chromatographic columns or (4) kinetic resolution using stereoselective chemical or enzymatic reagents. Racemic mixtures can also be resolved into their component enantiomers by well known methods, such as chiral-phase liquid chromatography or crystallizing the compound in a chiral solvent. Stereoselective syntheses, a chemical or enzymatic reaction in which a single reactant forms an unequal mixture of stereoisomers during the creation of a new stereocenter or during the transformation of a pre-existing one, are well known in the art. Stereoselective syntheses encompass both enantio- and diastereoselective transformations, and may involve the use of chiral auxiliaries. For examples, see Carreira and Kvaerno, Classics in Stereoselective Synthesis, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2009.

(57) The isomers resulting from the presence of a chiral center comprise a pair of non-superimposable isomers that are called enantiomers. Single enantiomers of a pure compound are optically active, i.e., they are capable of rotating the plane of plane polarized light. Single enantiomers are designated according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system. The priority of substituents is ranked based on atomic weights, a higher atomic weight, as determined by the systematic procedure, having a higher priority ranking. Once the priority ranking of the four groups is determined, the molecule is oriented so that the lowest ranking group is pointed away from the viewer. Then, if the descending rank order of the other groups proceeds clockwise, the molecule is designated as having an (R) absolute configuration, and if the descending rank of the other groups proceeds counterclockwise, the molecule is designated as having an (S) absolute configuration. In the example in the Scheme below, the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog ranking is A>B>C>D. The lowest ranking atom, D is oriented away from the viewer. The solid wedge indicates that the atom bonded thereby projects toward the viewer out of the plane of the paper, and a dashed wedge indicates that the atom bonded thereby projects away from the viewer out of the plan of the paper, i.e., the plane of the paper being defined by atoms A, C, and the chiral carbon atom for the (R) configuration shown below.

(58) ##STR00010##

(59) A carbon atom bearing the A-D atoms as shown above is known as a chiral carbon atom, and the position of such a carbon atom in a molecule is termed a chiral center. Compounds of the invention may contain more than one chiral center, and the configuration at each chiral center is described in the same fashion.

(60) There are various conventions for depicting chiral structures using solid and dashed wedges. For example, for the (R) configuration shown above, the following two depictions are equivalent:

(61) ##STR00011##

(62) The present invention is meant to encompass diastereomers as well as their racemic and resolved, diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure forms and salts thereof. Diastereomeric pairs may be resolved by known separation techniques including normal and reverse phase chromatography, and crystallization.

(63) Isolated optical isomer or isolated enantiomer means a compound which has been substantially purified from the corresponding optical isomer(s) of the same formula. Preferably, the isolated isomer is at least about 80%, more preferably at least 90% enantiomerically pure, even more preferably at least 98% enantiomerically pure, most preferably at least about 99% enantiomerically pure, by weight. By enantiomeric purity is meant the percent of the predominant enantiomer in an enantiomeric mixture of optical isomers of a compound. A pure single enantiomer has an enantiomeric purity of 100%.

(64) Isolated optical isomers may be purified from racemic mixtures by well-known chiral separation techniques. According to one such method, a racemic mixture of a compound of the invention, or a chiral intermediate thereof, is separated into 99% wt. % pure optical isomers by HPLC using a suitable chiral column, such as a member of the series of DAICEL CHIRALPAK family of columns (Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The column is operated according to the manufacturer's instructions.

(65) Another well-known method of obtaining separate and substantially pure optical isomers is classic resolution, whereby a chiral racemic compound containing an ionized functional group, such as a protonated amine or carboxylate group, forms diastereomeric salts with an oppositely ionized chiral nonracemic additive. The resultant diastereomeric salt forms can then be separated by standard physical means, such as differential solubility, and then the chiral nonracemic additive may be either removed or exchanged with an alternate counter ion by standard chemical means, or alternatively the diastereomeric salt form may retained as a salt to be used as a therapeutic agent or as a precursor to a therapeutic agent.

(66) Another aspect of an embodiment of the invention provides compositions of the compounds of the invention, alone or in combination with another medicament. As set forth herein, compounds of the invention include stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof. Compositions containing a compound of the invention can be prepared by conventional techniques, e.g. as described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th Ed., 1995, or later versions thereof, incorporated by reference herein. The compositions can appear in conventional forms, for example capsules, tablets, aerosols, solutions, suspensions or topical applications.

(67) The compounds of the invention can be administered to a mammal, especially a human in need of such treatment, prevention, elimination, alleviation or amelioration of a malcondition. Such mammals include also animals, both domestic animals, e.g. household pets, farm animals, and non-domestic animals such as wildlife.

(68) The compounds of the invention are effective over a wide dosage range. For example, in the treatment of adult humans, dosages from about 0.05 to about 5000 mg, preferably from about 1 to about 2000 mg, and more preferably between about 2 and about 2000 mg per day can be used. A typical dosage is about 10 mg to about 1000 mg per day. In choosing a regimen for patients it can frequently be necessary to begin with a higher dosage and when the condition is under control to reduce the dosage. The exact dosage will depend upon the activity of the compound, mode of administration, on the therapy desired, form in which administered, the subject to be treated and the body weight of the subject to be treated, and the preference and experience of the physician or veterinarian in charge.

(69) Generally, the compounds of the invention are dispensed in unit dosage form including from about 0.05 mg to about 1000 mg of active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier per unit dosage.

(70) Usually, dosage forms suitable for oral, nasal, pulmonal or transdermal administration include from about 125 g to about 1250 mg, preferably from about 250 g to about 500 mg, and more preferably from about 2.5 mg to about 250 mg, of the compounds admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

(71) Dosage forms can be administered daily, or more than once a day, such as twice or thrice daily. Alternatively dosage forms can be administered less frequently than daily, such as every other day, or weekly, if found to be advisable by a prescribing physician.

(72) Evaluations

(73) It is within ordinary skill to evaluate any compound disclosed and claimed herein for effectiveness in inhibition of a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and in the various cellular assays using the procedures described above or found in the scientific literature. Accordingly, the person of ordinary skill can prepare and evaluate any of the claimed compounds without undue experimentation.

(74) Any compound found to be an effective inhibitor of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor can likewise be tested in animal models and in human clinical studies using the skill and experience of the investigator to guide the selection of dosages and treatment regimens.

(75) In various embodiments, the compound is any of those shown in Tables 1, 2, or 3, below. Such compounds can be prepared by synthetic methods disclosed herein in combination with the knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art of organic synthesis, including the use of appropriately selected precursors, intermediates, reagents, and reaction mechanisms.

(76) While the invention has been described and exemplified in sufficient detail for those skilled in this art to make and use it, various alternatives, modifications, and improvements will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

(77) All patents and publications referred to herein are incorporated by reference herein to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.

(78) The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims.

(79) Description

(80) Although published tool compounds provide for a valuable proof-of-concept, sphingolipid analogs that are amino-phosphate esters, in general do not have the necessary kinetics and stability for optimal usefulness. Our recent publications have documented key aspects separating the S1PR.sub.1 from S1PR.sub.3 binding pockets, (7, 46). Although the systemic immunosuppressive actions of S1PR.sub.1 modulators would be theoretically useful to dampen inflammation in localized environments, eg inflammation of the CNS in EAE or lung inflammation by influenza infection (25, 47), S1PR.sub.1 agonists would likely pose risks in sepsis because of bradycardia (6, 7) and their potential to increase lung microvascular permeability (48) (49). Thus, dampening systemic inflammation in sepsis with selective S1PR.sub.3 antagonist devoid of S1P.sub.1 affinity is desired.

(81) Recently, (Jo et al, 2012 and references therein) we described a model of S1PR.sub.3 based upon our published X-ray structure of the very similar S1PR.sub.1 subtype (2). Using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, ligand competition binding, functional assays, and molecular modeling, we demonstrated that the endogenous pan-S1P receptor agonist, S1P binds to the orthosteric site as expected (50), that the novel S1PR.sub.3 selective agonist CYM-5541 binds to an allosteric site and is therefore an allosteric agonist and that the S1PR.sub.3 selective antagonist, SPM-242 competes for binding to both the orthosteric and allosteric sites and is said to be bitopic. The S1PR.sub.3 selectivity of SPM-242 and CYM-5541, was concluded to come from binding to the less conserved, (non-orthosteric) regions of the S1P receptor family. In our quest for a drug-like S1PR.sub.3 antagonist, we chose to use the allosteric agonist CYM-5541 as our starting point. We hypothesize that by attaching other drug-friendly functional groups (OH, NR2, etc) onto the relatively low molecular weight CYM-5541 scaffold, we should be able to pick up accessory binding groups on the receptor such as hydrogen bonding to the peptide backbone or nearby side-chains such as Asn-95, Ser-99, Gln-281, Glu-115 and Arg-114, resulting is a new bitopic ligand with enhanced solubility characteristics.

(82) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Specific Compounds of the Invention Cpd. ID Structure CYM-52146 not I CYM-52147 not I CYM-52148 not I CYM-52149 not I CYM52150 IA CYM52151 not I CYM52152 not I CYM52153 not I CYM 52154 not I 0 CYM 52155 not I CYM 52156 not I CYM 52157 not I CYM 52158 not I CYM 52159 not I CYM 52160 not I CYM 52161 not I CYM 52162 not I CYM 52163 not I CYM 52164 not I 0 CYM 52165 not I CYM 52166 not I CYM 52167 IB CYM 52184 not I CYM 52197 not I CYM 52198 not I CYM 52199 not I CYM 52200 not I CYM 52201 not I CYM 52202 not I 0 CYM 52203 not 1 CYM 52204 not I CYM 52205 IB CYM 52206 not I CYM 52207 IB CYM 52208 not I CYM 52209 not I CYM 52210 not I CYM 52211 not I CYM 52212 not I 0 CYM 52213 not I CYM 52214 not I CYM 52215 not I CYM 52216 not I CYM 52217 not I CYM 52218 not I CYM 52219 not I CYM 52246 IB CYM 52247 IB CYM 52248 IB 0 CYM 52249 IB CYM 52250 IB CYM 52251 IB CYM 52252 IA CYM 52253 IA CYM 52254 IA CYM 52255 IB CYM 52256 IB CYM 52257 IB CYM 52258 IB 0 CYM 52259 60 IA CYM 52260 not I CYM 52264 IB CYM 52266 IB CYM 52267 IB CYM 52268 IB CYM 52269 not I CYM 52270 not I CYM 52271 not I CYM 52272 not I 0 CYM 52273 not I CYM 52274 IB CYM 52276 IB CYM 52289 IB CYM 52290 not I CYM 52291 not I CYM 52294 IB CYM 52295 not I CYM 52296 IB CYM 52297 IB 0 CYM 52298 IB CYM 52299 IB CYM 52300 IB CYM 52301 IB CYM 52302 IB CYM 52303 not I CYM 52304 IB CYM 52305 IB CYM 52306 IB CYM 52307 IC 00 CYM 52308 IB 01 CYM 52309 IC 02 CYM 52310 IB 03 CYM 52311 IB 04 CYM 52312 IB 05 CYM 52313 IB 06 CYM 52314 IB 07 CYM 52315 IC 08 CYM 52316 IC 09 CYM 52317 IC 0 CYM 52318 not I CYM 52319 not I CYM 52320 IB CYM 52321 IB CYM 52322 IC CYM 52323 IB CYM 52324 not I CYM 52325 IB CYM 52326 IB CYM 52327 not I 0 CYM 52328 not I CYM 52329 IB CYM 52330 IB CYM 52331 IB CYM 52332 IB CYM 52333 IB CYM 52334 IB CYM 52335 IB CYM 52336 IB CYM 52337 IC 0 CYM 52338 IC CYM 52339 IC CYM 52340 not I CYM 52341 not I CYM 52342 not I CYM 52343 IB CYM 52344 IB CYM 52345 not I CYM 52346 not I CYM 52347 not I not I 0 CYM 52348 not I CYM 52349 not I CYM 52350 not I CYM 52351 IC CYM 52352 IC CYM 52353 IB CYM 52354 IC CYM 52355 IB CYM 52356 IB CYM 52357 not I 0 CYM 52358 not I CYM 52359 IB CYM 52360 not I CYM 52361 not I CYM 52362 not I CYM 52363 not I CYM 52364 IB CYM 52365 IB CYM 52366 IC CYM 52367 IC 0 CYM 52368 IC CYM 52369 IC CYM 52370 IC CYM 52371 IC CYM 52372 IB CYM 52373 IC CYM 52374 IC CYM 52375 IB CYM 52376 IB CYM 52377 IB 0 CYM 52378 IB CYM 52379 IB CYM 52380 IB CYM 52381 IB CYM 52382 IB CYM 52383 IB CYM 52384 IC CYM 52385 not I CYM 52386 not I CYM 52387 IB 0 CYM 52388 IB CYM 52389 IB CYM 52390 IB CYM 52391 IB CYM 52392 IB CYM 52393 IC CYM 52394 IB CYM 52395 IB CYM 52396 IB CYM 52397 IB 0 CYM 52398 IB CYM 52399 IB CYM 52400 IB CYM 52401 IB CYM 52402 IB CYM 52403 IB CYM 52404 IB CYM 52405 IB CYM 52406 IB CYM 52407 IB 00 CYM 52408 IB 01 CYM 52409 IB 02 CYM 52410 IB 03 CYM 52411 IB 04 CYM 52412 IB 05 CYM 52413 IB 06 CYM 52414 IB 07 CYM 52415 IC 08 CYM 52416 IC 09 CYM 52417 IB 0 CYM 52418 IB CYM 52419 IB CYM 52420 IB CYM 52421 IB CYM 52422 not I CYM 52423 IE CYM 52424 IE CYM 52425 IE CYM 52426 IB CYM 52427 IB 0 CYM 52428 IB CYM 52429 IB CYM 52430 IB CYM 52431 IB CYM 52432 IB CYM 52433 IB CYM 52434 IB CYM 52435 IB CYM 52436 IB CYM 52437 IB 0 CYM 52438 IB CYM 52439 IB CYM 52440 IB CYM 52441 IC CYM 52442 IB CYM 52443 IB CYM 52444 IB CYM 52445 IB CYM 52446 IC CYM 52447 IB 0 CYM 52448 IB CYM 52449 IB CYM 52450 IB CYM 52451 IB CYM 52452 IB CYM 52453 IB CYM 52454 IB CYM 52455 IB CYM 52456 IB CYM 52457 IB 0 CYM 52458 IB CYM 52459 IB CYM 52460 IB CYM 52461 IC CYM 52462 IC CYM 52463 IB CYM 52464 IB CYM 52465 IB CYM 52466 IC CYM 52467 IC 0 CYM 52468 IC CYM 52469 IB CYM 52470 IB CYM 52471 IB CYM 52472 IB CYM 52473 IB CYM 52474 IB CYM 52475 IB CYM 52476 IA CYM 52477 IB 0 CYM 52478 IB CYM 52479 IB CYM 52480 IB CYM 52481 IB CYM 52482 IB CYM 52483 IB CYM 52484 IB CYM 52485 IC CYM 52486 IB CYM 52487 IB 0 CYM 52488 IB CYM 52489 IC CYM 52490 IB CYM 52491 IB CYM 52492 IB CYM 52493 IB CYM 52494 IB CYM 52495 IB CYM 52496 IB CYM 52497 IB 0 CYM 52498 IB CYM 52499 IB CYM 52500 IB CYM 52501 IB CYM 52502 IB CYM 52503 IB CYM 52504 IB CYM 52505 IB CYM 52506 IB CYM 52507 IB 00 CYM 52508 IB 01 CYM 52509 IB 02 CYM 52510 IB 03 CYM 52511 IC 04 CYM 52512 IB 05 CYM 52513 not I 06 CYM 52514 IB 07 CYM 52515 IB 08 CYM 52516 IB 09 CYM 52517 IC 0 CYM 52518 IC CYM 52519 IB CYM 52520 IB CYM52521 IB CYM52522 IB CYM52523 IB CYM52524 IB CYM52525 IB CYM52526 IB CYM52527 IB 0 CYM52528 IB CYM52529 IB CYM52530 IB CYM52531 IC CYM52532 IB CYM 52533 IB CYM 52534 IB CYM 52535 IB CYM 52536 IC CYM 52542 IB 0 CYM 52543 IB CYM 52544 IB CYM 52545 IB CYM 52546 IB CYM 52547 IB CYM 52548 IB CYM 52549 IB CYM 52550 IB CYM 52551 IB CYM 52552 IB 0 CYM 52553 IB CYM 52554 IC CYM 52555 IB CYM 52556 IB CYM 52557 IB CYM 52558 IB CYM 52559 IB CYM 52560 IB CYM 52561 not I CYM 52562 IB 0 CYM 52563 IB CYM 52564 IB CYM 52565 IB CYM 52566 IB CYM 52567 IB CYM 52568 IC CYM 52569 IB CYM 52570 IB CYM 52571 IB CYM 52572 IB 0 CYM 52573 IB CYM 52574 IB CYM 52575 IB CYM 52576 IB CYM 52577 IB CYM 52578 IB CYM 52579 IB CYM 52580 IB CYM 52581 IB CYM 52582 IB 0 CYM 52583 IB CYM 52584 IB CYM 52585 IB CYM 52586 IB CYM 52587 IB CYM 52588 IB CYM 52589 IB CYM 52590 IB CYM 52591 IB CYM 52592 IB 0 CYM 52593 IB CYM 52594 IB CYM 52595 IB CYM 52596 IB CYM 52597 IB CYM 52598 IB CYM 52599 IB CYM 52600 IB CYM 52601 IB CYM 52602 IB 0 CYM 52603 IB CYM 52604 IB CYM 52605 IB CYM 52606 IB CYM 52607 IB CYM 52608 IB CYM 52609 IB CYM 52610 IB CYM 52611 IA CYM 52612 IB 00 CYM 52613 IC 01 CYM 52614 IB 02 CYM 52615 IC 03 CYM 52616 IB 04 CYM 52617 IB 05 CYM 52618 IB 06 CYM 52619 IB 07 CYM 52620 IB 08 CYM 52621 IB 09 CYM 52622 IB 0 CYM 52623 IB CYM 52624 IB CYM 52625 IA CYM 52626 IA CYM 52627 IB CYM 52628 IB CYM 52629 IB CYM 52630 IB CYM 52631 IB CYM 52632 IB 0 CYM 52633 IB CYM 52634 IB CYM 52635 IC CYM 52636 IB CYM 52637 IB CYM 52638 IE CYM 52639 IE CYM 52640 IB CYM 52641 IA CYM 52642 ID 0 CYM 52643 IB CYM 52644 IC CYM 52645 IC CYM 52646 IC CYM 52647 IC CYM 52648 IB CYM 52649 IB CYM 52650 IB CYM 52651 IB CYM 52652 IB 0 CYM 52653 IB CYM 52654 IE CYM 52655 IE CYM 52656 IB CYM 52657 IB CYM 52658 IB CYM 52659 IB CYM 52660 IE CYM 52661 IE CYM 52662 IE 0 CYM 52663 IB CYM 52664 IB CYM 52665 IB CYM 52666 IB CYM 52667 IB CYM 52668 IA CYM 52669 IA CYM 52670 IB CYM 52671 IB CYM 52672 IB 0 CYM 52673 IB CYM 52674 IB CYM 52675 IB CYM 52676 IB CYM 52677 IB CYM 52678 IB CYM 52679 IB CYM 52680 IA CYM 52681 IA CYM 52682 IA 0 CYM 52683 IB CYM 52684 IB CYM 52685 IB CYM 52686 IB CYM 52687 IA CYM 52688 IA CYM 52689 IB CYM 52690 IB CYM 52691 IB CYM 52692 IB 0 CYM 52693 IB CYM 52694 IB CYM 52695 IB CYM 52696 IB CYM 52697 IB CYM 52698 IB CYM 52699 IB CYM 52700 IB CYM 52701 Isomer 2 IB CYM 52702 IB 0 CY 52703 IB CYM 52704 not I CYM 52705 IB CYM-52706 IB CYM-52707 IB CYM-52708 IB CYM-52709 IB CYM-52710 IB CYM-52711 IB CYM-52712 IA 00 CYM-52713 IC 01 CYM-52714 ID OR IB 02 CYM-52715 IB 03 CYM52716 IB 04 CYM52717 IB 05 CYM52718 IB 06 CYM52719 isomer 1 IB 07 CYM52720 isomer 2 IB 08 CYM 52721 IB 09 CYM 52722 IB 0 CYM 52723 IB CYM 52724 IB CYM 52725 IB CYM 52726 IA CYM 52727 IB CYM 52728 IA CYM 52729 IB CYM 52730 IB CYM 52731 IB CYM 52732 IB 0 CYM 52733 IA CYM 52734 IB CYM 52735 IB CYM 52736 IB CYM 52737 IB CYM 52738 not I CYM 52739 IB CYM 52740 IB CYM 52741 IA CYM 52742 IA 0 CYM 52743 IA CYM 52744 IB CYM 52745 IA CYM 52746 IB CYM 52747 IB CYM 52748 IB CYM52749 IC CYM52750 IB CYM52751 IA CYM52752 IB 0 CYM52753 not I CYM52754 IB CYM52755 IC CYM 52756 IA CYM 52757 IA CYM 52758 IC CYM 52759 IC CYM 52760 IC CYM 52761 IC CYM 52762 IC 0 CYM 52763 IB CYM 52764 IC CYM 52765 not I CYM 52766 IC CYM 52767 IC CYM 52768 IC CYM 52769 IC CYM 52770 IC CYM 52771 IC CYM 52772 ID 0 CYM 52773 ID CYM 52774 IC CYM 52775 IB CYM 52776 IC CYM 52777 ID CYM 52778 IC CYM 52779 IC CYM 52780 IB CYM 52781 IB CYM 52782 IC 0 CYM 52783 IC CYM 52784 IC CYM 52785 IC CYM 52786 IC CYM 52787 IC CYM 52788 IC CYM 52789 IC Boc = t-butoxycarbonyl

DOCUMENTS CITED

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Crit Care Med 29(7):1303-1310. 17. Gaieski D F, et al. (2010) Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. Crit Care Med 38(4):1045-1053. 18. Kumar A (2009) Optimizing antimicrobial therapy in sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Clin 25(4):733-751, viii. 19. Puskarich M A, et al. (2011) Association between timing of antibiotic administration and mortality from septic shock in patients treated with a quantitative resuscitation protocol. Crit Care Med 39(9):2066-2071. 20. Rivers E, et al. (2001) Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. The New England journal of medicine 345(19):1368-1377. 21. Boyd J H, Forbes J, Nakada T A, Walley K R, & Russell J A (2011) Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. Crit Care Med 39(2):259-265. 22. 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Castellheim A, Brekke O L, Espevik T, Harboe M, & Mollnes T E (2009) Innate immune responses to danger signals in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. Scand J Immunol 69(6):479-491. 28. Cavaillon J M & Annane D (2006) Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response in sepsis and SIRS. J Endotoxin Res 12(3):151-170. 29. Rosen H, Sanna M G, Cahalan S M, & Gonzalez-Cabrera P J (2007) Tipping the gatekeeper: S1P regulation of endothelial barrier function. Trends Immunol 28(3):102-107. 30. Rosen H, et al. (2008) Modulating tone: the overture of S1P receptor immunotherapeutics. Immunol Rev 223:221-235. 31. Sattler K J, et al. (2010) Sphingosine 1-phosphate levels in plasma and HDL are altered in coronary artery disease. Basic Res Cardiol 105(6):821-832. 32. Graler M H (2010) Targeting sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP) levels and SIP receptor functions for therapeutic immune interventions. Cell Physiol Biochem 26(1):79-86. 33. Kulakowska A, et al. (2010) Intrathecal increase of sphingosine 1-phosphate at early stage multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 477(3):149-152. 34. Watson L, et al. (2012) Increased serum concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 32(5):1019-1025. 35. Christoffersen C, et al. (2011) Endothelium-protective sphingosine-1-phosphate provided by HDL-associated apolipoprotein M. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(23):9613-9618. 36. Christoffersen C & Nielsen L B (2012) Apolipoprotein Ma new biomarker in sepsis. Crit Care 16(3):126. 37. Dolgin E (2012) Trial failure prompts soul-searching for critical-care specialists. Nat Med 18(7):1000. 38. Annane D (2011) Corticosteroids for severe sepsis: an evidence-based guide for physicians. Ann Intensive Care 1(1):7. 39. Annane D (2008) Adrenal insufficiency in sepsis. Curr Pharm Des 14(19):1882-1886. 40. Pan S, et al. (2006) A monoselective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 agonist prevents allograft rejection in a stringent rat heart transplantation model. Chem Biol 13(11):1227-1234. 41. Zhang Z Y, et al. (2009) AUY954, a selective S1P(1) modulator, prevents experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 216(1-2):59-65. 42. Bajwa A, et al. (2012) Dendritic cell sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-3 regulates Th1-Th2 polarity in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Immunol 189(5):2584-2596. 43. Rathinasamy A, Czeloth N, Pabst O, Forster R, & Bernhardt G (2010) The origin and maturity of dendritic cells determine the pattern of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors expressed and required for efficient migration. J Immunol 185(7):4072-4081. 44. Kuehn B M (2013) Guideline promotes early, aggressive sepsis treatment to boost survival. JAMA 309(10):969-970. 45. Oliveira C F, et al. (2008) Time- and fluid-sensitive resuscitation for hemodynamic support of children in septic shock: barriers to the implementation of the American College of Critical Care Medicine/Pediatric Advanced Life Support Guidelines in a pediatric intensive care unit in a developing world. Pediatr Emerg Care 24(12):810-815. 46. Schurer S C, et al. (2008) Ligand-binding pocket shape differences between sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors S1P1 and S1P3 determine efficiency of chemical probe identification by ultrahigh-throughput screening. ACS chemical biology 3(8):486-498. 47. Gonzalez-Cabrera P J, et al. (2012) S1P(1) receptor modulation with cyclical recovery from lymphopenia ameliorates mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Molecular pharmacology 81(2):166-174. 48. Sanna M G, et al. (2006) Enhancement of capillary leakage and restoration of lymphocyte egress by a chiral S1P1 antagonist in vivo. Nature chemical biology 2(8):434-441. 49. Clemens J J, Davis M D, Lynch K R, & Macdonald T L (2005) Synthesis of 4(5)-phenylimidazole-based analogues of sphingosine-1-phosphate and FTY720: discovery of potent S1P1 receptor agonists. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 15(15):3568-3572. 50. Parrill A L, et al. (2000) Identification of Edg1 receptor residues that recognize sphingosine 1-phosphate. The Journal of biological chemistry 275(50):39379-39384.

Examples

(84) Compounds are presented that selectively modify the action(s) of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors (S1P-R's) and therefore have potential for the treatment(s) of diseases or disorders of the cardiovascular and/or pulmonary systems. These diseases/disorders include but are not limited to:

(85) Cardiovascular disease, hypertension (including malignant hypertension), angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, Coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, dysrhythmias, cardiomyothopy (including hypertropic cardiomyothopy), heart failure, cardiac arrest, bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, croup, emphysema, pleurisy, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary hypertension, mesothelioma, Ventricular Conduction abnormalities, Complete Heart Block Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis Syndrome, Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, prevention of keloid formation, cirrhosis.

(86) Compounds of the invention below have been shown to demonstrate activity as antagonist/agonist of one or more of the known sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors with IC.sub.50/EC.sub.50 values lower than 10 micromolar. Representative examples are given in Tables 2 and 3, below.

(87) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 CYM S1P1 S1P2 Generic AA IC.sub.50 AA IC.sub.50 S1P3AA S1P4AA S1P5AA formula Structure M M IC.sub.50 M IC.sub.50 M IC.sub.50 M 52274 IB 0.772 44.0 52276 IB 17.2 >50 52296 IB 0 39.7 10.3 35.4 52297 IB >50 1.9 >50 52298 IB >50 >50 >50 52299 IB 29.7 2.2 39.1 52294 IB >50 1.6 5.7 52331 IB 14.7 0.667 21.3 52332 IB 15.9 1.5 17.9 52351 IB >50 4.2 >50 52355 IB >50 26 >50 52356 IB >50 9.8 >50 52394 IB 0 1.0 0.246 0.873 52396 IB 44.3 30.8 >50 52397 IB 30.8 8.8 21.6 52398 IB 21.7 3.1 12.7 52399 IB >50 8.4 28.2 52433 IB >50 0.649 15.1 52434 IB 29.4 0.317 9.9 52435 IB 32.2 1.6 8.2 52442 IB >50 0.07 9.3 52458 IB 38.3 0.943 9.8 52459 IB 00 24.6 0.236 8.2 52460 IB 01 >50 0.09 8.8 52464 IB 02 >50 0.022 8.3 52474 IB 03 0.227 >50 0.014 >50 52475 IB 04 37.2 37.3 0.082 >50 52476 IB 05 >28 >50 0.906 >50 52483 IB 06 0.91 >50 0.097 6.5 52484 IB 07 9.3 43.8 0.826 11.5 52486 IB 08 1.3 >50 0.028 >50 52487 IB 09 0.347 >50 0.113 17.5 52488 IB 0 0.197 >50 0.079 5.6 52489 IC 2.7 >50 0.567 26.6 52491 IB >28 >50 3.9 30.6 52492 IB >28 >50 5.1 >50 52495 IB >28 15.6 9.8 >50 52504 IB 2.8 0.152 52505 IB >50 0.576 52506 IB 1.5 0.172 52507 IB 2.2 0.112 52508 IB >50 0.796 52509 IB 0 >50 2.5 52510 IB 0.899 0.213 52511 IC 6.4 0.308 52512 IB 25.5 4.1 52514 IB >50 29.6 52520 IB 0.22 >50 0.035 16.2 52522 IB 3.6 0.39 52523 IB 7.3 0.168 52524 IB >50 0.065 52525 IB 2.0 0.076 52526 IB 0 1.8 6.7 0.027 >50 52527 IB 0.204 0.032 52528 IB 1.4 0.063 52529 IB 1.4 44.9 0.041 18.8 52530 IB 0.333 0.040 52531 IC >50 2.7 52543 IB 17.6 0.405 52544 IB >28 9.1 52545 IB 3.5 0.792 52547 IB 1.9 0.249 52548 IB 0 3.2 0.13 52551 IB >28 0.964 52552 IB 10.2 1.0 52553 IB 0.574 0.147 52555 IB 7.1 >50 0.057 8.5 52556 IB 0.285 0.061 52558 IB 1.4 0.057 52559 IB 0.604 44.7 0.016 14.8 52560 IB 2.3 19.9 0.038 22.1 52562 IB 5.3 >50 0.042 20.9 52563 IB 0 17.2 0.114 52564 IB >28 3.7 52566 IB >28 10.3 52568 IC 6.3 14.1 0.052 10.3 52571 IB 4.4 >50 0.29 25.4 52572 IB 0.81 18.9 0.013 34.4 52573 IB 1.1 40.0 0.032 28.8 52574 IB 2.1 0.092 52575 IB 1.5 24.3 0.034 21.4 52576 IB 7.8 0.077 52577 IB 0 >28 >50 0.026 >50 52578 IB 1.7 32.6 0.029 13.6 52579 IB 1.1 44.8 0.016 >50 52580 IB 0.141 >50 0.007 24.8 52581 IB 0.566 >50 0.009 14.1 52582 IB 0.308 >50 0.018 27.6 52583 IB 1.1 >50 0.032 23.1 52584 IB 0.505 >50 0.02 38.9 52585 IB 17.9 0.21 52586 IB 10 0.154 52587 IB 0 19 0.135 52589 IB 31.8 1.1 52590 IB 2.1 1.0 52591 IB 1.4 1.5 52592 IB 10.6 0.863 52593 IB 9.3 1.8 52594 IB 2.5 1.3 52595 IB 2.7 44.8 0.012 16.5 52596 IB 0.878 12.5 0.012 >50 52597 IB 0.332 43.2 0.026 >50 52598 IB 0 5.1 0.350 52599 IB 23.3 3.5 52600 IB 6.4 0.396 52601 IB 1.4 13.5 0.03 26.8 52602 IB 3.2 0.073 52603 IB 0.389 0.048 52604 IB 0.099 35.4 0.010 23.5 52605 IB 0.4 0.228 52606 IB >28 12.0 0.157 >50 52607 IB 0.452 12.0 0.021 >50 52608 IB 0 >28 0.253 52609 IB >28 19.6 0.042 16.1 52610 IB 5 0.647 52612 IB >28 0.456 52613 IC 10.4 0.257 52614 IB >28 0.581 52615 IC 1.4 0.098 52616 IB 4.1 0.15 52617 IB 4.1 17.3 0.031 11.7 52618 IB >28 3.2 52619 IB 00 7 0.551 52620 IB 01 >28 1.7 52621 IB 02 >28 19.2 52622 IB 03 >28 7.6 52624 IB 04 >28 9.2 52625 IA 05 >28 0.248 52626 IA 06 >28 0.113 52627 IB 07 >28 >50 0.104 >50 52628 IB 08 4 0.036 52629 IB 09 1.1 0.042 52630 IB 0 >28 0.416 52631 IB 1.6 0.042 52632 IB 0.177 0.02 52633 IB 1.6 0.026 52634 IB 0.133 0.018 52635 IC 8.1 0.122 52637 IB >28 32.3 52638 IB >28 0.645 52639 IB >28 0.4 52640 IB >28 1.7 52641 IA 0 >28 0.113 52642 ID 11.1 1.7 52646 IC 2.5 0.329 52647 IC 9.5 0.629 52649 IB >28 0.95 52650 IB >28 0.834 52651 IB >28 0.096 52652 IB 3.7 0.137 52653 IB >28 1.6 52654 IB >28 2 52655 IB 0 >28 2.3 52656 IB 4.0 1.2 52657 IB 4.5 0.439 52660 IE >28 0.442 52661 IE >28 0.345 52662 IC >28 1.1 52664 IB 1.4 0.013 52665 IB >28 0.121 52666 IB 0.528 0.028 52667 IB 6.6 16.3 52668 IA 0 >28 0.679 52669 IA 27.5 2.8 52670 IB 0.452 0.011 52671 IB 1.8 0.011 52672 IB 1.4 0.051 52673 IB 3.3 0.076 52674 IB 6.4 0.027 52675 IB >28 0.214 62676 IB 12.0 0.301 52677 IB 0.621 0.033 52678 IB 0 1.5 0.023 52679 IB >28 3.1 52680 IA >28 0.037 52682 IA >28 0.672 52683 IB 18.4 0.124 52684 IB >28 0.075 52685 IB 3.3 0.056 52686 IB 6.6 0.047 52687 IA 22.4 0.426 52688 IA >28 3.3 52689 IB 0 10.2 0.392 52690 IB >28 0.492 52691 IB >28 6.8 52692 IB >28 7.3 52693 IB >28 2.1 52694 IB >28 1.4 52695 IB >28 2.1 52696 IB >28 2.2 52697 IB >28 0.049 52698 IB 4 0.063 52699 IB 0 >28 0.447 52700 IB >28 0.627 52702 IB >28 0.542 52703 IB >28 0.641 52705 IB 4.7 0.048 52706 IB 4.5 0.153 52707 IB 26.2 0.511 52708 IB >28 0.527 52709 IB 3.7 0.035 52710 IB 16.1 5.3 52711 IB 0 5.3 0.04 52713 IC 0.923 0.014 52715 IB >28 1.6 52716 IB 0.21 0.018 52717 IB 12.7 0.096 52718 IB 0.86 0.006 5271IB isomer 1 >28 11.9 52720 IB isomer 2 5.1 0.211 52721 IB 10 0.068 52722 IB 2.6 0.057 52723 IB 0 3.1 0.021 52724 IB 1.3 0.033 52725 IB >28 1.0 52726 IA 22.3 2.0 52727 IB 3.6 0.057 52728 IA >28 0.304 52729 IB 27.4 0.151 52730 IB 9.5 0.039 52731 IB 22.1 0.231 52732 IB 0.886 1.1 52733 IA 00 >28 3.1 52734 IB 01 >28 1.5 52735 IB 02 >28 20.4 52736 IB 03 14.2 3.5 52737 IB 04 13.5 12.1 52739 IB 05 18.5 0.079 52740 IB 06 10.1 0.927 52741 IA 07 >28 0.396 52742 IA 08 >28 0.342 52743 IA 09 >28 0.33 52744 IB 0 >28 0.349 52745 IA >28 2.2 52749 0.199 0.019 52750 4.3 0.046 52751 >28 4.4 52752 7.8 0.164 52754 6.0 0.189 52755 3.9 2.7 52756 >28 0.489 52759 0.352 0.027 52760 0 >28 0.439 52761 1.5 0.133 52763 3.0 0.682 52764 4.3 0.251 52766 1.6 0.112 52767 15.4 0.445 52768 1.2 0.088 52770 0.636 0.040 52771 0.268 0.036 52772 >28 1.2 52773 0 >28 0.485 52774 >28 1.1 52776 0.858 3.5 52777 3.2 3.2 52780 5.6 0.091 52781 0.939 0.105 52782 1.5 0.105 52783 0.537 0.048 52784 0.088 0.030 52785 9.2 2.4 52786 0 5.8 0.540 52787 14.3 0.438 52789 3.8 0.451

(88) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 S1P1 S1P2 CYM AA AA Generic IC.sub.50 IC.sub.50 S1P3AA S1P4AA S1P5AA formula Structure M M IC.sub.50 M IC.sub.50 M IC.sub.50 M 52167 IB 0.7 5.2 52205 IB 4.3 34 52207 IB 1.3 30.4 52304 IB 7.9 >50 1.2 7.8 21.8 52305 IB 1.6 >50 0.521 >50 >50 52306 IB 0.881 2.8 0.586 2.6 5.1 52307 IC >50 0.899 >50 52308 IB 0 >50 >50 3.9 >50 >50 52310 IB >50 3.5 >50 52311 IB >50 2.3 30.2 52312 IB >50 3.1 >50 52313 IB >50 2.2 >50 52321 IB >50 2.4 39.7 >50 52325 IB >50 2.8 >50 52326 IB >50 3.4 >50 52333 IB >50 3.8 >50 52335 IB 1.6 >50 0.415 >50 >50 52336 IB 0 >50 1.7 >50 52337 IC 7.3 >50 2.8 >50 25.1 52339 IC 23.4 1.2 5.9 52341 IB 1.8 >50 3.3 >50 >50 52346 IB 5.2 5.7 5.1 52357 IB 2.1 >50 2.8 12.9 >50 52364 IB 17.5 >50 0.368 >50 >50 52365 IB >50 >50 0.214 14.3 >50 52379 IB >50 >50 2.9 >50 >50 52386 IB >50 43.7 5.7 21.6 12.4 52387 IB 0 0.392 >50 0.229 >50 >50 52388 IB 0.456 >50 0.104 5.2 5.1 52389 IB >50 5.3 >50 52390 IB >50 >50 1.1 >50 >50 52391 IB 9.5 >50 0.278 30.5 16.1 52392 IB 0.564 >50 0.108 >50 >50 52393 IC >50 6.4 >50 52401 IB >50 0.226 21.2 52402 IB >50 >50 0.214 >50 >50 52403 IB 10.1 >50 0.39 >50 >50 52404 IB 0 >50 0.376 37.9 52405 IB >50 2.0 >50 542406 IB >50 >50 0.406 >50 >50 52407 IB 4.0 >50 0.219 >50 39.4 52408 IB >50 0.898 >50 52409 IB >50 0.381 >50 52412 IB >50 3.7 24.2 52415 IC >50 0.556 25.4 52416 IC >50 0.411 22.2 52419 IB 0.823 >50 0.053 34.6 20 52420 IB 0 0.426 >50 0.066 >50 >50 52421 IB 2.7 >50 0.211 >50 >50 52426 IB >50 2.15 >50 52427 IB >50 0.111 17.5 52428 IB >50 0.198 23.3 52429 IB 1.2 >50 0.076 38.5 16.2 52430 IB 0.112 >50 0.033 >50 >50 52436 IB >50 0.264 >50 52438 IB 9.6 >50 0.32 3.1 17.1 52439 IB >50 0.584 44.8 52440 IB 00 >20 0.086 >50 52441 IB 01 >30 2.5 20.3 52445 IB 02 >50 1.5 17.1 52446 IC 03 22.7 0.370 9.2 52447 IB 04 >50 0.26 >50 52449 IB 05 >50 0.219 16.3 52450 IB 06 >50 0.184 19.2 52451 IB 07 8.7 0.475 >50 52453 IB 08 10.9 0.215 6.7 52454 IB 09 >50 0.24 >50 52455 IB 0 >50 0.091 12.4 52456 IB >50 0.201 38.4 52457 IB >50 0.06 >50 52461 IC >50 0.045 19.9 52462 IC 35 6.6 42.3 29.5 52463 IB 43.1 0.341 15.5 52465 IB 44.5 0.175 8.6 52466 IC >50 1.1 28.7 52469 IB 6.2 10.5 1.4 15.7 52470 IB 20.1 >50 0.382 >50 52471 IB 0 0.475 31.1 0.214 >50 52472 IB >28 >50 0.113 >50 52473 IB >28 >50 1.7 >50 52477 IB >28 >50 3.2 >50 52478 IB 17.9 >50 1.1 >50 52479 IB 1.2 >50 0.31 >50 52480 IB 0.39 >50 0.147 >50 52481 IB 1.5 >50 0.425 >50 52482 IB 3.5 >50 0.319 >50 52485 IC 3.5 >50 0.984 >50 52498 IB 0 34.3 0.166 52499 IB 40.5 0.429 52500 IB 0.959 0.095 52501 IB 22.2 0.839 52502 IB 1.4 0.109 52503 IB 0.527 0.147 52515 IB >50 0.685 52518 IC 9.8 1.5 52519 IB >50 0.194 52532 IB 2.0 0.405 52534 IB 0 8.4 2.2 52536 IC >50 4.9 52569 IB >28 2.2 52636 IB 1.9 0.098 52648 IB 0.401 0.046 52588 IB 0.392 0.047 Boc = t-butoxycarbonyl Ph = phenyl Rac = racemate; all compounds as shown include all stereoisomers unless otherwise indicated. Isomer 1, isomer 2; indicates separated stereoisomers of a structure, but absolute configuration unstated.
General Synthetic Schemes:

(89) ##STR00946##

(90) A mixture of I, II and Ti(OEt).sub.4 in a sealed tube was heated at 70 C. for 30 min. The mixture was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product III was used without further purification. To a solution of III in THF at 78 C. was slowly added aryl magnesium bromide IV and the reaction was stirred for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride and the product extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated in vacuo, followed by the purification of product V by column chromatography (CC) using hexanes/EtOAc. To a solution of V in MeOH was added a 4M solution of HCl in dioxane and the reaction was stirred for 30 min at room temperature (rt). The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product VI used without further purification. A solution of VI, the appropriated carboxylic acid, EDCI, HOBt and DIPEA in dichloromethane was stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product VII purified by HPLC.

(91) ##STR00947##

(92) A mixture of the appropriate aryl chloride (VIII or X), VI and DIPEA in EtOH was heated with microwave irradiation at 130 C. for 30 minutes to afford the corresponding products (IX or XI) that were purified by HPLC.

(93) ##STR00948##

(94) A mixture of XII, XIII and catalytic amount of formic acid in EtOH was heated at 60 C. overnight. The crude was concentrated and purified by CC using hexanes/EtOAc. To a solution of XIV in THF at 0 C. was added dropwise a solution of XV in Et.sub.2O; the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at it. The mixture was quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride and the product extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product XVI was purified by CC using hexanes/EtOAc or HPLC.

(95) ##STR00949##

(96) In a microwave vial a stirring solution of XVII in dioxane was treated with HOBt and EDCI at rt. The reaction was stirred for 10 minutes followed by the addition of XVIII. The reaction was stirred for additional 30 minutes at rt, then heated to 110 C. under microwave irradiation for 30 minutes. To the reaction was added brine and the product was extracted with EtOAc (3). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product XIX was purified by CC using hexanes/EtOAc. A solution of XIX in dichloromethane was stirred with TFA at rt for 20 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product used without further purification. A solution of the TFA salt, the appropriate carboxylic acid, EDCI, HOBt and DIPEA in dichloromethane was stirred at rt for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product XX purified by HPLC.