Method for producing a transdermal therapeutic system which contains a D2 agonist

Abstract

A substantially solvent-free matrix layer containing ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol is produced by adding an active substance to an adhesive solution, coating the resultant active substance-containing adhesive solution onto a suitable sheet, and removing the solvents in a drying process to give said substantially solvent-free matrix layer.

Claims

1. A method for producing a matrix layer suitable for transdermal administration of a therapeutic effective amount of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base, the method comprising: (a) mixing a solution comprising ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base and organic solvent with soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone and amine-resistant silicone adhesive to form a mass; (b) coating the mass onto a sheet; and (c) removing solvent in a drying process.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base is prepared by converting ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride into said free base.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride is dissolved or suspended in said organic solvent.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein an alkaline substance capable of converting said ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride into the free base is added to the organic solvent prior to or following addition thereto of the adhesive and prior to or following addition thereto of the ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said alkaline substance comprises an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal silicate.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein said alkaline substance comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium trisilicate, potassium trisilicate, sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein following reaction of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride with the alkaline substance, the resulting adhesive solution containing ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base is filtered to remove at least one by-product selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and polymeric silicon dioxide.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising admixing with said solution at least one permeation enhancer selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, glycerol, fatty acid esters of glycerol, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, terpenes, limonene, a-pinene, a-terpineol, carvone, carveol, limonene oxide, pinene oxide and 1,8-eucalyptol.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix layer has a solubility for ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base of 5% (w/w).

10. The method of claim 1, wherein ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base is contained in the matrix in a concentration of from 5% to 25% (w/w).

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone is admixed to provide a concentration of 1.5-5% (w/w) soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone in the matrix layer.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises ethanol.

13. The method of claim 4, wherein following reaction of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride with the alkaline substance, the resulting adhesive solution containing ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base is filtered to remove at least one by-product.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the resulting matrix layer is a non-aqueous matrix layer.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix layer is a single-phase matrix.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone is admixed in an amount to provide a concentration of 1.5-3% (w/w) soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone in the matrix layer.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising preparing a plaster having an area of 2 to 40 cm.sup.2 from the matrix layer, said plaster containing 1 to 10 mg of the ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-1[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol free base.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plaster has an area of approximately 20 cm.sup.2.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein a backing layer is applied to the matrix layer on the side thereof opposing said sheet, and wherein said sheet forms a removable protective layer.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The drawing is a plot of amount of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol permeated versus time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(2) In their simplest embodiment, the matrix systems are single-phase matrices. They consist of a backing layer, an active substance-containing self-adhesive matrix, and a protective film to be removed prior to use. More complicated embodiments contain multiple-layer matrices that may also contain non-adhesive layers and control membranes.

(3) Polyacrylates are produced by radical polymerization of acrylic acid derivatives or methacrylic acid derivatives, it being quite possible to also use other suitable compounds such as, for example, vinyl acetate, as additional monomers. By selecting corresponding monomers it is possible to give each resultant adhesive specific properties.

(4) It is common to crosslink polyacrylates with multivalent metal ions to enhance the physical properties of the adhesive or adapt it to the given requirements. Said metal ions are mostly used in the form of metal chelates which are soluble in organic solvents. Suitable compounds are, in particular, aluminum acetylacetonate or titanium acetylacetonate.

(5) Silicone adhesives are in most cases polydimethylsiloxanes. However, other organic residues such as, for example, ethyl groups or phenyl groups may in principle be present instead of the methyl groups. Such silicone adhesives are available as one-component adhesives in two variants, as so-called amine-resistant and as non-amine-resistant adhesives. Due to the basic nature of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol, for a silicone adhesive containing this active substance, amine-resistant adhesives are used.

(6) Such amine-resistant silicone adhesives stand out for their not having free silanol functions. In a special process the SiOH groups are provided with an alkyl residue. Such adhesives and their production are described in detail in EP 0 180 377.

(7) The adhesive's dissolving capacity for the active substance is an important parameter for the development of matrix systems, just as the mobility of the active substance in the matrix, and its transfer via the contact surface to the skin, which transfer is substantially determined by corresponding distribution coefficients and the skin absorption. This results in a relatively complicated set of influences which have to be taken into account.

(8) In systems wherein the active substance is only partially dissolved the concentration of the dissolved active substance is equal to the saturation concentration and thus has the maximum thermodynamic activity under these conditions. In general, it is, above all, the kind and quantity of the free functional groups in the adhesive which are important for the dissolving capacity of the polyacrylate adhesives. With respect to ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol, however, it was found that the solubility of the free base is largely independent thereof, and lies in the range of between 15-35% (w/w). Such a system must therefore contain the active substance in a concentration of at least 10% (w/w) in order to come sufficiently near to the maximal thermodynamic activity. For the hydrochloride of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol the solubility in polyacrylates having 5-10% (w/w) is much lower, so that in such systems the active substance is preferably only partially dissolved.

(9) Since, due to its hydrophilic properties, the hydrochloride can pass the barrier of the stratum corneum only poorly, it is necessary in this case to use lipophile, monovalent acids such as, for example, oleic acid, which, in the patch matrix, partially converts the hydrochloride into the more lipophilic oleate and which, moreover, generally acts as a permeation enhancer in the skin.

(10) Advantageously, the acrylate-based polymer adhesive contains at least two of the following monomers: acrylic acid, acrylamide, hexylacrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, octylacrylate, butylacrylate, methylacrylate, glycidylacrylate, methacrylic acid, methacrylamide, hexylmethacrylate, 2-ethylhexylmethacrylate, octylmethacrylate, methylmethacrylate, glycidylmethacrylate, vinylacetate or vinylpyrrolidone.

(11) Silicone adhesives have a comparatively low dissolving capacity for most active substances. The saturation capacity for the base ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-(propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol and the hydrochloride, respectively, is about 5% (w/w), whereas the corresponding salts are practically insoluble therein. Thus, in connection with silicone adhesives only the active substance base is suitable. If a suitable substance having an increased solubility for the active substance is admixed to the silicone adhesive, the dissolving capacity for the free base in such matrices can be raised to up to 40% (w/w) without adversely affecting the physical properties of the matrix. Suitable substances are, for example, soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate, polyethyleneglycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol or fatty acid esters of glycerol, or copolymers of ethylene and vinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone having proved particularly suitable.

(12) About 1.5-5% (w/w) of polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amine-resistant silicone adhesive increase the solubility of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1naphthalenol to about 10-15% (w/w). This is sufficient to dissolve 10 mg active substance in a 20 cm.sup.2 large patch having a coat weight of the matrix of 50 g/m.sup.2. Since with transdermal patch systems one must always assume that only about 50% of the active substance employed will be available during the period of application, given a daily dose in the range of 1-10 mg of the active substance a plaster size of between 2 and 40 cm.sup.2 can be expected to be sufficient to achieve therapeutic plasma levels.

(13) The polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersed in the silicone adhesive additionally has the advantage that it decreases the so-called cold flow known from silicone adhesives. The term cold flow in this connection means that the matrix behaves like a strongly viscous fluid and thus, through flowing, tends to take up a larger area. This results in the matrix after a certain time taking up a surface which is larger than the backing layer of the patch, and in the patch tending to become agglutinated to the primary packaging material. This advantage of polyvinylpyrrolidone has already been mentioned in EP 0 524 776.

(14) To produce the patches according to this invention, ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol or the hydrochloride is dissolved or suspended in ethanol or in another suitable organic solvent, and is then added to the adhesive solution while stirring. Where the adhesive has a suitable solvent system, the active substance can also be added to the adhesive solution directly. Additional auxiliary substances can be added either to the adhesive solution, the active substance solution or to the active substance-containing adhesive solution. An auxiliary substance which advantageously is added to the active substance solution directly is, for example, an alkaline substance which is suitable of converting the active substance hydrochloride into the free active substance base. More particularly, it is preferred to use alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, or an alkali metal silicate such as sodium or potassium trisilicate or sodium or potassium metasilicate as the alkaline substance. After the reaction, the solution may optionally be filtered, whereby the reactants, with the exception of the active substance base, are quantitatively practically eliminated. Said reactants are sodium chloride or potassium chloride in the case that sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, respectively, are used, and sodium chloride or potassium chloride and polymeric silicon dioxide in the case that sodium or potassium silicates, respectively, are used. The resultant active substance containing adhesive solution is coated onto a suitable sheet, and the solvents are removed in a drying process. Thereafter, the backing layer of the patch is laminated onto the substantially solvent-free matrix layer, and the patches are punched out of the total laminate.

(15) The permeation properties are advantageously enhanced by permeation enhancers which may be selected from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, glycerol or its fatty acid esters, N-methylpyrrolidone, terpenes such as limonene, -pinene, -terpineol, carvone, carveol, limonene oxide, pinene oxide, 1,8-eucalyptol.

(16) Details of the production and the permeation rates achieved by the finished patches will be given in the examples and the permeation studies. The polyacrylate adhesives mentioned in Examples 1-3 are to be understood as examples and may be readily replaced by other acrylate adhesives suitable for medicinal use.

(17) The finished plasters were used in permeation studies utilizing Franz diffusion cells and human epidermis. The results are listed in FIGS. 1-3. It will be seen that all plasters are capable of systemically providing a sufficient amount of active substance through the skin. The present invention demonstrates that in the case of the free bases the active substance release is markedly improved as compared to the use of salts. It will also be seen that the silicone adhesive-based plasters, although having a considerably lower active substance content, deliver approximately the same quantity of active substance via the skin as the systems based on polyacrylate adhesives.

(18) Thus, the systems according to the invention make it possible to administer the necessary daily dose of the dopamine agonist of the structure as indicated above transdermally through the skin by means of a patch having a size of approximately 20 cm.sup.2 Since the patches can be easily manufactured, and since they deliver the active substance to the skin on their entire matrix surface, and are suitable both for the active substance salts and for the active substance bases, they constitute a considerable improvement over the known systems as described in WO 94/07468.

Example 1: Polyacrylate System with ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol

(19) 66 g of a 50% solution of EUDAGRIT E100 in ethyl acetate are added to 264 g of a solution of a polyacrylate adhesive having a solids content of 50%; after addition of 36 g oleyl alcohol, the mass is homogenized by stirring.

(20) Thereafter, 89.65 g ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol are dissolved in 200 ml methylethylketone and added to the above-mentioned mass while stirring. After homogenization of the mass, it is coated onto a siliconized polyester film using a suitable doctor knife. The thickness of the moist film is adjusted such that after removal of the solvent by drying for 30 minutes at 50 C. a coat weight of 60 g/m.sup.2 results.

(21) The dried matrix film is then laminated with a 13 m-thick polyester film. From the resultant patch laminate, the finished patches are punched out at the desired size, and packed in packaging material bags.

(22) The concentration of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol base in the patch matrix is 30.8%.

(23) Suitable polyacrylate adhesives are, for example, DURO-TAK 387-2051, DURO-TAK 387-2287, DURO-TAK 387-2353, DURO-TAK 387-2516, all of National Starch & Chemical.

(24) The permeation rates through human epidermis under in-vitro conditions are shown in FIG. 1.

Example 2: Silicone System with ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol

(25) 18 g ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol dissolved in 40 g ethanol are added to 24 g of a 25% solution of KOLLIDON 90F and the mass is homogenized. Subsequently, 251 g of a solution of an amineresistant silicone adhesive having a solids content of 70% are added to this mass, and the mass is homogenized by further stirring.

(26) Subsequently, the mass is coated, using a suitable doctor knife, onto a polyester film (SCOTCHPAK 1022) that has been rendered adhesive, at such a thickness that after removal of the solvents by drying for 30 minutes at 50 C. a coat weight of 50 g/m.sup.2 results.

(27) The dried matrix film is then laminated with a 13-m-thick polyester film. From the resultant patch laminate the finished patches are then punched out in the desired size, and packed in material bags.

(28) The concentration of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol base in the patch matrix is 9%.

(29) Suitable amine-resistant silicone adhesives are, for example, DOW CORNING BIO-PSA Q7-4301 and DOW CORNING.

(30) The permeation rates through human epidermis achieved under in-vitro conditions are shown in FIG. 1.

Example 3: Polyacrylate System with the Hydrochloride of ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol

(31) 10 g of the hydrochloride are worked into 70 g polyacrylate adhesive (DURO-TAK 387-2287, solids content 50%, National Starch & Chemical) and subsequently 4 g oleic acid are added. The mass is then coated onto a siliconized polyester film at such a thickness that after the removal of the solvents a coat weight of 60 g/m.sup.2 results. The solvents are removed by drying for 15-20 minutes at a temperature between 40 and 80 C. Thereafter, the dried matrix layer is laminated with a 12-30 m thick polyester film, and the patches are punched out.

Example 4

(32) 20 g ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride are stirred, together with 8.0 g sodium metasilicate or 9.1 g sodium trisilicate, in 35 ml ethanol for 48 hours, at room temperature. Optionally, the active substance solution is now filtered and 6.0 g polyvinylpyrrolidone (KOLLIDON F90, Bayer) in the form of a 25% (w/w) solution in ethanol, and 25 g of a 70% solution of an amine-resistant silicone adhesive (DOW CORNING BIO-PSA Q7-4301) in heptane are added and the mass is subsequently homogenized by mechanical stirring.

(33) For manufacture of the patch matrix, the mass is subsequently coated onto a suitable film which has been rendered adhesive, and the solvents are removed by drying for 20 minutes at 50 C. The coat weight of the dried matrix film is approximately 50 g/m.sup.2.

(34) The dried matrix film is laminated with a 23-m-thick polyester film. The individual patches are punched out of the complete laminate. If the active substance solution is filtered, the composition of the finished patch corresponds to that of the patch according to Example 2.

Example 5

(35) 25 g ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthatenol hydrochloride are stirred, together with 14.7 g sodium metasilicate or 16.8 g sodium trisilicate, in 40 ml ethanol for 48 at room temperature. Optionally, the active substance solution is now filtered and 90.2 g oleyl alcohol, 63.2 g of a 52% solution of a polyacrylate adhesive (DURO-TAK 387-2287, National Starch & Chemical) and 22.8 g of a 40% (w/w) solution of EUDAGRIT E100 (Rohm-Pharma) are added, and the mass is subsequently homogenized by mechanical stirring.

(36) For manufacture of the patch matrix, the mass is subsequently coated onto a suitable film which has been rendered adhesive, and the solution is removed by drying for 20 minutes at 50 C. The coat weight of the dried matrix film is approximately 80 g/m.sup.2.

(37) The dried matrix film is laminated with a 23-m-thick polyester film. The individual patches are punched out of the complete laminate.

Example 6

(38) 20 g ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrochloride are added to an ethanolic NaOH or KOH solution which contains equimolar quantities of base (2.27 g NaOH, respectively 3.19 g KOH).

(39) Preferably, the solution has a concentration of 1.5 mol/1. The conversion of the active substance salt takes place within minutes, whereby the greatest part of the NaCl formed precipitates and the active substance base dissolves completely. Optionally, a buffer solution is now added to the active substance solution in order to remove possible excess base. Likewise optionally, the active substance solution can be filtered; 6.0 g polyvinylpyrrolidone (KOLLIDON F90. Bayer) in the form of a 25% solution (w/w) in ethanol and 250 g of a 70% solution of an amine-resistant silicone adhesive (DOW CORNING BIO-PSA Q7-4301) in heptane are added, and the mass is subsequently homogenized by mechanical stirring.

(40) For manufacture of the patch matrix, the mass is then coated onto a suitable film which has been rendered adhesive, and the solvents are removed by drying for 20 minutes at 50 C. The coat weight of the dried matrix film is approximately 50 g/m.sup.2.

(41) The dried matrix film is laminated with 23-m-thick polyester film. The individual patches are punched out of the complete laminate. If the active substance solution is filtered, the composition of the finished patch corresponds to that of the patch according to Example 2.

Example 7

(42) Analogously to Example 6, 25 g ()-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6-[propyl-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl)amino]-1-naphthalenol hydrocholoride are reacted with 2.84 g NaOH, respectively 3.99 g KOH, in ethanolic solution. As in Example 6, optionally a buffer is added to the active substance solution, respectively the solution is filtered, and subsequently 9.2 g oleyl alcohol, 63.2 g of a 52% solution of a polyacrylate adhesive (DURO-TAK 387-2287, National Starch & Chemical) and 22.8 g of a 40% (w/w) solution of EUDAGRIT E100 (Rohm-Pharma) are added, and the mass is then by mechanical stirring.

(43) For manufacturing the patch matrix, the mass is subsequently coated onto a suitable film which has been rendered adhesive, and the solvents are removed by drying for 20 minutes at 50 C. The coat weight of the dried matrix film is approximately 80 g/m.sup.2.

(44) The dried matrix film is laminated with a 23-m-thick polyester film; the individual plasters are punched out of the complete laminate.