INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET

Abstract

The present invention describes the use of inosine monophosphate as an energy source in feeds for slaughtering poultries by manipulating the energy of the diet to provide a reestablishment in weight gain and feed:gain ratio of slaughter birds fed with lower caloric diet. Inosine monophosphate is applied in feed to meet the nutritional requirement energy in poultries by partially replacing soybean oil or fats commonly used as energy sources in poultries diets.

Claims

1- USE OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET, characterized in that inosine monophosphate is applied in the composition of diet for birds to manipulate the energy of the feed, partially replacing the caloric components of the feed.

2- USE OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET, according to claim 1, characterized in that inosine monophosphate partially replace the soybean oil in the feed.

3- USE OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET, according to the claim 1, characterized in the inosine monophosphate partially replaces the animal fat in the feed.

4- USE OD INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET, according to the claim above, characterized in the inosine monophosphate represent the value of 100 kcal ME/kg or 1.0 to 2.0% of final composition of the diet

5- USE OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it represents the application of approximately 1.478 to 1.483 kg of inosine monophosphate per ton of feed.

6- USE OF INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AS SOURCE OF ENERGY IN POULTRY DIET, according to claim 1, characterized in that inosine monophosphate is applied in a feed according to the following composition: 62.70% corn; 30.90% soybean meal 45% PB; 2.20% soybean oil; 1.10% of dicalcium phosphate; 1.10% inosine monophosphate; 0.74% limestone; 0.45% of common salt; 0.40% Premix; 0.236% DL-Methionine; 0.170% L-Lysine; And 0.026% L-Threonine.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE PICTURES

[0035] The FIG. 1 illustrates a graph, demonstrating the effect of treatments on body weight gain of broilers at 42 days of age, according to the application of the invention;

[0036] The FIG. 2 illustrates the graph, demonstrating the effect of treatments on feed:gain ratio of broilers at 42 days of age, according to the application of the invention;

[0037] The FIG. 3 illustrates a graph showing the levels of IMP on the body weight gain of broiler chickens fed a diet containing 3025 kcal ME/kg at 42 days of age, according to the application of the invention;

[0038] The FIG. 4 illustrates a graph showing the levels of IMP on the feed:gain ration of broiler chickens fed a diet containing 3025 kcal ME/kg at 42 days of age, according to the application of the invention;

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] The present invention addresses the use of IMP as an energy source in feeds for poultries, using broiler chickens as animal model, by manipulating energy of the diet to provide a reestablishment of body weight gain and feed:gain ratio of birds fed with lower calorie diet.

[0040] The IMP is applied at the diet to meet the nutritional requirements of poultry energy. It is known that any reduction of energy of the diet will be reduced the body weight gain and the feed:gain ratio will be increased. However, the application of IMP in feed provides the maintenance of body weight gain and feed:gain ratio of birds.

[0041] Thus, IMP is used to partially replace soybean oil or animal fats commonly used as energy sources in poultry diet. Preferably, the IMP is applied to represent 100 kcal ME/kg of feed so that the caloric components (soybean oil or animal fat) of the feed are reduced to about 1.0% to 2.0% in the compete feed. Such reduction of energy is supplied by the action of the IMP as a source of energy in the feed, providing a better use of energy by birds.

[0042] In an example of application of the present invention, a standardized diet for broilers with 3125 kcal ME/kg, having 3.3% of its final diet composition defined by soybean oil, is manipulated so that its amount of metabolizable energy (ME) is reduced to 3025 Kcal or minus 100 kcal/kg. Thus, the IMP is composed of 100 kcal/kg, representing 1.1% of the final diet composition, while soybean oil is composed of 2.2% of the complete feed composition. Still, the other components of the feed are not changes, as shown in the table below.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composition of basal diet, %. Ingredients Positive Control, % Negative Control, % Corn 62.70 62.70 Soybean meal 45% CP 30.90 30.90 Soybean Oil 3.30 2.20 Phosphate dicalcium 1.10 1.10 Inert 0.00 1.10 Limestone 0.74 0.74 Salt 0.45 0.45 Premix 0.40 0.40 DL-Methionine 0.236 0.236 L-Lysine 0.170 0.170 L-Threonine 0.026 0.026 Nutricionals levels, % ME, kcal/kg 3.125 3.025 Protein, % 19.60 19.60 Calcium, % 0.685 0.685 Phosphorus, % 0.320 0.320 Na, % 0.198 0.198 K, % 0.747 0.747 Cl, % 0.322 0.322 Arginine dig, % 1.192 1.922 Lysine dig, % 1.044 1.044 Methionine dig, % 0.495 0.495 Met + Cys dig, % 0.762 0.762 Threonine dig, % 0.679 0.679 Tryptophan dig, % 0.210 0.210 Valine dig, % 0.815 0.815 BE mEq/kg 186 186

[0043] More precisely, the application of the manipulated diet (3025 kcal ME/kg) using approximately 1.478 to 1.483 kg of IMP per ton of feed, identified at the Table 1 as the negative control, gives the value of approximately 100 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) for birds fed by this diet.

[0044] As an example of this application with feed manipulated by the IMP, this diet was used in broilers reared into of specific facility. The north and south sides of this broiler house was built 1.0 meter high walls, followed by bird-proof screens until the roof. For better temperature control inside of experimental facility, curtains were placed in each side of the barn. Also, the fans were connected according to the environmental need and behavior of the birds. The floor of the experimental facility was made of concrete and the metabolism cages were suspended around 1.0 meter high and arranged in four rows. Each row contained 12 cages spanning a total of 48 cages.

[0045] The light program used was 24 hours of natural-artificial light throughout the experimental period (18 to 42 days of age) and water and feed were provided ad libitum. The removal of manure from the concrete floor was performed daily to avoid high ammonia concentration inside the broilers house. Also, daily cleaning of drinkers and cages was carried out daily. Fresh and clean water was supplied daily.

[0046] A total of 144 Cobb 500 males of 18 days old were distributed in metabolism cages using a completely randomized design with 6 treatments (2 control diets+4 levels of IMP) and 8 replicates of 3 birds each.

[0047] The positive control diet based on corn and soybean meal was formulated to meet the nutritional recommendations for the growth phase (18 to 42 days of age). On the other hand, the negative control diet was formulated with a reduction of 100 kcal ME/kg when compared to the positive control diet (Table 1). The 4 levels of IMP replaced the inert of the negative control diet considering the inclusion of 0.50 kg; 1.0 kg; 1.5 kg and 2.0 kg of IMP per ton of feed.

[0048] The birds and the diets were weighed at 42 days of age for performance evaluation (feed intake, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio). The bird mortality was recorded daily as well as its possible causes. Dead birds were weighed to adjust feed intake and feed:gain ratio.

[0049] The statistical analysis was used to determine the effect of IMP on the performance of broilers. The data was submitted to the GLM procedure of the SAS software, and the means comparisons were performed by SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test at 5% probability, following the mathematical model: Yij=+si+eij, where:

Yij=Observation referring to the animal j that received treatment i;
p=general mean;
si=treatment effect i
eij=random error associated with each observation.

[0050] Contrast analyzes were performed to compare the positive and negative control diets and the other treatments. The data obtained from each parameter were deployed in orthogonal polynomials for analysis of variance and regression according to their distributions, without considering the positive control treatment using SAS software.

[0051] The performance result obtained in the period from 18 to 42 days of age as a function of different levels of IMP is presented in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Performance of broilers fed from 18 to 42 days of age depending on the different levels of IMP. Trataments BWG (g) FI (g) FGR (g/g) Positive control (PC) 1933.0 a 3439.2 1.785 b Negative control (NC) 1792.5 b 3419.6 1.878 a NC + IMP (500 g/ton) 1888.8 a 3484.4 1.839 ab NC + IMP (1000 g/ton) 1921.7 a 3479.4 1.788 b NC + IMP (1500 g/ton) 1963.0 a 3542.4 1.800 b NC + IMP (2000 g/ton) 1929.2 a 3473.9 1.806 b SEM 14.48 16.24 0.01 P-Valor 0.01 0.35 0.002 Contrast PC vs NC 0.003 0.001 PC vs IMP 0.83 0.23 NC vs. IMP 0.001 0.001 Regression of IMP Q = 0.02 0.17 Q = 0.03 ab Average followed by different letters at the same column is different by SNK test (P < 0.05). IMP = inosine monophosphate; Q = Quadratic effect. BWG = body weight gain. FI = feed intake. FGR = feed:gain ratio

[0052] By contrast, birds received negative control treatment (lower caloric level or 3,025 kcal ME/kg), significantly reduced the body weight gain and worsened feed:gain ratio, without, however, influencing the consumption (P0.05) when compared to the other treatments.

[0053] Except for the lower energy present in the negative control diet, the other nutrients met the requirement of the birds in the 18 to 42 days old. Thus, it can be concluded that the reduction of the body weight gain and the worsening in the feed:gain ratio were totally responsible for the lower level of metabolizable energy.

[0054] In Nutritionofthechicken (of 1982, p. 562), Scott et al. report that the level of energy in the diet seems to be an important factor that determines the feed intake since the birds do not have the taste as the factor that influences the feed intake. Thus, the authors noted that birds tend to increase feed intake when the energy content is reduced, but not enough to obtain adequate amount of energy per day for optimal growth. In turn, reducing energy to a critical level, growth will be reduced and there will be low fat content in the carcass. However, the application example of this invention reported the opposite.

[0055] As expected, the birds fed the positive control diet (3125 kcal ME/kg), due to the higher concentration of soybean oil, presented higher body weight gain and better feed:gain ratio when compared with birds fed with the negative control diet (3025 kcal ME/kg). This improvement can be attributed to the increase in caloric density that improves energy efficiency by increasing the net energy of the feed.

[0056] Contrast showed that the inclusion of IMP significantly improved the body weight gain and feed:gain ratio when compared to those boilers fed by negative control diet (3025 kcal ME/kg). Regardless of the level of IMP used, there was no effect on feed intake (P0.05) when compared to the positive and negative control treatments. Conclusively, it is possible to say that the IMP has a potential source of energy in poultries diet, since when it was included in the diet with a lower metabolizable energy content (3025 kcal ME/kg), the chickens achieved the same body weight gain and feed:gain ratio rate as those fed with 3125 kcal ME/kg (positive control), establishing in this experiment an energy potential around 100 kcal ME/kg for broiler chickens. In FIGS. 1 and 2, can observed the body weight gain and the feed:gain ratio, respectively, of the broilers submitted by the treatments.

[0057] Based on the fact that the contrast did not show significant differences in the performance of broilers fed with IMP when compared to the positive control, in order to obtain the recommendation of IMP in broiler chickens diets in the period from 18 to 42 days of age, the data from body weight gain and feed:gain ratio were plotted in orthogonal polynomials for regression analysis without considering the positive control treatment. This can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.

[0058] Increased levels of IMP in the 3025 kcal ME/kg (negative control) showed quadratic effect (P0.05) for body weight gain and feed:gain ratio. The IMP recommendation determined by the polynomial regression equation was 1.483 kg and 1.478 kg of IMP/ton for body weight gain and feed:gain ratio, respectively.

[0059] As the inclusion of IMP occurred only in the corn and soybean meal diet containing 3025 kcal ME/kg (negative control), it is justified that the broilers consumed an isocaloric and isoprotein diet. Thus, the improvement of body weight gain and feed:gain ratio is due exclusively to the presence of IMP in the diet.

[0060] The man of the art will readily perceive, from the description and the figures, various ways of carrying out the invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims.