Ultralightweight airless ATV wheels based upon negative Poisson ratio (NPR) auxetic structures

Abstract

Improvements are disclosed regarding the way in which vehicle wheels are designed and assembled, including ultralight, airless vehicle wheels adapted for mounting on a rim to receive a tire. One or more flexible ring-shaped tendons are disposed over the rim. A stuffer component is disposed over the tendons, and the wheel is disposed over the stuffer. A cover is bolted onto the rim holding the stuffer and tendons in position. Importantly, the tendons, stuffer and cover are all installed onto the rim from the outside toward the vehicle, thereby easing installation and maintenance. The invention may be adapted for all-terrain vehicles, and the wheel may have diameter on the order of 7 inches, 14 inches, or any other appropriate dimensions.

Claims

1. An ultralight, airless vehicle wheel adapted for mounting on a rim to receive a tire, comprising: a circular rim including a plurality of spokes with elongate axial spaced-apart surfaces; one or more flexible ring-shaped tendons disposed over the rim; a stuffer component disposed over the tendons, the stuffer component being constructed from a plurality of interconnected components with V-shaped cross sections; wherein each of the interconnected components has a pair of parallel, spaced-apart outer elongate edges, and wherein each of the edges includes a structure enabling the edge of one component to be joined directly to the edge of a different one of the components, such that the stuffer component forms a physically separate corrugated circular ring with a plurality of parallel, spaced-apart inner edges and a plurality of parallel, spaced-apart outer edges; wherein the one or more tendons are disposed between the inner edges of the stuffer and the spaced-apart surfaces of the rim to create a negative Poisson ratio (NPR) or auxetic structure whereby the stiffness of the structure increases due to terrain contact as the wheel rotates; a tire disposed over the stuffer; a cover bolted onto the rim holding the stuffer and tendons in position; and wherein tendons, stuffer and cover are all installed onto the rim from the outside toward the vehicle.

2. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, wherein the stuffer is a fiber-reinforced composite, magnesium, or aluminum.

3. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, wherein the tendons are a rubber or rubber-like material.

4. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, wherein the rim is a fiber-reinforced composite, magnesium, or aluminum.

5. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, wherein the cover is a fiber-reinforced composite, magnesium, or aluminum.

6. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, further including: a plurality of stuffers; and one or more ring-shaped tendons between each pair of stuffers.

7. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 6, wherein: each stuffer is a corrugated ring constructed from a plurality of interconnected components having V-shaped cross sections; and each tendon is disposed between the V-shaped components of each stuffer to create a negative Poisson ratio (NPR) or auxetic structure whereby the stiffness of the structure in the localized region of loading increases due to terrain contact as the wheel rotates.

8. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, adapted for an all-terrain vehicle.

9. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, wherein the wheel has a diameter on the order of 7 inches.

10. The ultralight, airless vehicle wheel of claim 1, wherein the wheel has a diameter on the order of 14 inches.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is an oblique outer view of a 7-inch ATV N-wheel constructed in accordance with the invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is an oblique inner view of the structure of FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 is an exploded view illustrating the way in which the wheel is assembled;

(4) FIG. 4 is an oblique, detail drawing of a wheel cover;

(5) FIG. 5 is an oblique, detail drawing of a rim structure;

(6) FIG. 6 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the tendon components;

(7) FIG. 7 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the stuffer components;

(8) FIG. 8 is an oblique, detail drawing of a tire applicable to the invention;

(9) FIG. 9 is an oblique outer view of a 14-inch ATV N-wheel constructed in accordance with the invention;

(10) FIG. 10 is an oblique inner view of the 14-inch version of the invention;

(11) FIG. 11 is an exploded view illustrating the way in which the wheel is assembled;

(12) FIG. 12 is an oblique, detail drawing of the cover;

(13) FIG. 13 is an oblique, detail drawing of the rim;

(14) FIG. 14 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the stuffer components;

(15) FIG. 15 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the tendon components;

(16) FIG. 16 is an oblique, detail drawing of another one of the stuffer components; and

(17) FIG. 17 is an oblique, detail drawing of a tire applicable to the 14-inch embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(18) The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 8,544,515 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This invention improves upon and extends those teachings in several significant ways. First, an alternative assembly method is possible, enabling the components to be installed from one side of the wheel and bolted in place. The invention is applicable to any type of vehicle tire, although two diameters of all-terrain-vehicle (ATV) designs are described in detail.

(19) FIG. 1 is an oblique outer view of a 7-inch ATV N-wheel constructed in accordance with the invention. FIG. 2 is an oblique inner view. FIG. 3 is an exploded view illustrating the way in which the wheel is assembled. A fiber-reinforced composite stuffer component is received by the tire, typically a rubber composite material. The tendon pieces, also of a rubber or rubber-like composite, are inserted into the stuffer. The assembly further receives a rim component, which may be composed of a fiber-reinforced composite or lightweight metal such as aluminum. A cover fits into the rim, which is held in position with nuts and bolts. The cover may also be constructed of a lightweight, fiber-reinforced composite.

(20) FIG. 4 is an oblique, detail drawing of the cover. FIG. 5 is an oblique, detail drawing of the rim. FIG. 6 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the tendon components. FIG. 7 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the stuffer components. This drawing also shows features on the two elongate edges of the component, enabling the stuffers to be clipped to one another to form a circular shape. FIG. 8 is an oblique, detail drawing of a tire applicable to the invention.

(21) FIG. 9 is an oblique outer view of a 14-inch ATV N-wheel constructed in accordance with the invention. FIG. 10 is an oblique inner view. FIG. 11 is an exploded view illustrating the way in which the wheel is assembled. The assembly is similar to the 7-inch version, with a major different that the inner stuffer layer is separated from the rim, in addition to appropriate modification for the larger size. The conic shape of the rim (as well as associated interface details between the rim and stuffers) is designed with the consideration of a new assembly process that can suit mass production. Other features include, for example, the tire would typically feature a different tread pattern, and a larger number of tendons may be used to accommodate a greater width. Further, multiple stuffers may be used to accommodate the larger diameter and achieve greater weight bearing. Finally, the cover may be bolted onto the rim in a different manner.

(22) FIG. 12 is an oblique, detail drawing of the cover. FIG. 13 is an oblique, detail drawing of the rim. FIG. 14 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the stuffer components. FIG. 15 is an oblique, detail drawing of one of the tendon components. FIG. 16 is an oblique, detail drawing of another one of the stuffer components. FIG. 17 is an oblique, detail drawing of a tire applicable to the 14-inch embodiment of the invention.