Lift fan clutch plate to reduce instability

Abstract

A clutch for a lift fan comprises at least one output shaft lug key positioned in a keyway of at least two output clutch plates and extending axially from one to the other of the two output clutch plates. The output shaft lug key couples the rotation of the output clutch plates to the rotation an output shaft and allows axial movement of the two output clutch plates relative the output shaft lug key. The width of an inner surface of the output shaft lug key varies along the axial length as a function of the proximity to a home axial position of each of the output clutch plates when in the disengaged position.

Claims

1. A clutch for a lift fan having; a rotatable input shaft and a rotatable output shaft having a common axis of rotation; two substantially disc shaped output clutch plates oriented normal to the axis, each of the two output clutch plates having a keyway extending radially inward from a mouth at an outer diameter of the output clutch plate to a seat at an inner diameter of the output clutch plate; at least one output shaft lug key positioned in the keyway of the two output clutch plates and extending axially from one of the two output clutch plates to the other of the two output clutch plates, the output shaft lug key coupling the rotation of the output clutch plates to the rotation the output shaft and allowing axial movement of the two output clutch plates relative the output shaft lug key, the output shaft lug key having an outer radial surface and an oppositely disposed inner radial surface; at least one input clutch plate positioned axially with the two output clutch plates, wherein the input clutch plate is rotationally fixed to the input shaft; wherein in an engaged position, the two output clutch plates are in frictional communication with the at least one input clutch plate and a load is transferred from the input shaft to the output shaft via the two output clutch plates, the at least one input clutch plate and the output shaft lug key; wherein in a disengaged position, each of the two output clutch plates are axially displaced from at least one input clutch plate; and wherein a width of the inner surface of the output shaft lug key varies along the axial length as a function of the proximity to a home axial position of each of the output clutch plates when in the disengaged position.

2. The clutch of claim 1, wherein the width of the inner surface is at a maximum between the home axial position of adjacent output clutch plates.

3. The clutch of claim 1, wherein the width of the inner surface is at a minimum at each of the respective home positions of the output clutch plates.

4. The clutch of claim 1, wherein each of the output clutch plates have an engaged axial position different from their respective home position.

5. The clutch of claim 1 wherein the lug key fully fills the keyway.

6. The clutch of claim 1 wherein the inner surface of the output shaft lug key is semi-circular and corresponds to a semi-circular keyway seat.

7. The clutch of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the output shaft lug key is planar and corresponds to a planer keyway seat.

8. The clutch of claim 1, wherein the cross section of the inner surface of the shaft lug key and the cross section of the seat of the keyway is selected from the group consisting of a trapezoidal, parabolic, rectangular, triangular, chinned and polygonal shape.

9. A clutch for a lift fan having; a rotatable input shaft and a rotatable output shaft having a common axis of rotation; two substantially disc shaped output clutch plates oriented normal to the axis, each of the two output clutch plates having a keyway extending radially inward from a mouth at an outer diameter of the output clutch plate to a seat at an inner diameter of the output clutch plate; at least one output shaft lug key positioned in the keyway of the two output clutch plates and extending axially from one of the two output clutch plates to the other of the two output clutch plates, the output shaft lug key coupling the rotation of the output clutch plates to the rotation the output shaft and allowing axial movement of the two output clutch plates relative the output shaft lug key, the output shaft lug key having an outer radial surface and an oppositely disposed inner radial surface; at least one input clutch plate positioned axially with the two output clutch plates, wherein the input clutch plate is rotationally fixed to the input shaft; wherein in an engaged position, the two output clutch plates are in frictional communication with the at least one input clutch plate and a load is transferred from the input shaft to the output shaft via the two output clutch plates, the at least one input clutch plate and the output shaft lug key; wherein in a disengaged position, each of the two output clutch plates are axially displaced from the at least one input clutch plate, wherein a radial depth of the output shaft lug key varies along the axial length as a function of the proximity to the home axial position of each of the output clutch plates when in the disengaged position.

10. The clutch of claim 9, wherein the depth of the inner surface is at a maximum between the home axial position of adjacent output clutch plates.

11. The clutch of claim 9, wherein the depth of the inner surface is at a minimum at each of the respective home positions of the output clutch plates.

12. The clutch of claim 9, wherein each of the output clutch plates have an engaged axial position different from their respective home position.

13. The clutch of claim 9 wherein the lug key fully fills the keyway.

14. A output shaft key lug, the output shaft lug key configured to be positioned in the keyway of two output clutch plates, the output shaft lug key further configured to couple rotation of the output clutch plates to rotation of a clutch output shaft and allow axial movement of the two output clutch plates relative the output shaft lug key, the output shaft lug key having an outer radial surface and an oppositely disposed inner radial surface; wherein in a disengaged position, each of the two output clutch plates are axially displaced from input clutch plate; and wherein a cross section of the output shaft lug key varies along the axial length as a function of the proximity to a home axial position associated with each of the output clutch plates when in the disengaged position.

15. The output shaft key lug of claim 14, wherein a depth of the cross section varies as a function of the proximity to the home axial position.

16. The output shaft key lug of claim 14, wherein a width of the cross section varies as a function of the proximity to the home axial position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic of an aircraft with an illustrative lift fan clutch.

(2) FIG. 2 depicts an input shaft and input clutch plates of an illustrative lift fan clutch.

(3) FIG. 3 depicts a partial perspective view of illustrative input clutch plates and output clutch plates.

(4) FIG. 4 depicts an illustration of the illustrative lift fan clutch depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3.

(5) FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate an output shaft lug key according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(6) FIG. 6 is an illustration of retaining fingers according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(7) FIG. 7 is an output shaft lug key and output clutch plate keyway according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(8) FIGS. 8a and 8b are illustrations of a lug key spline according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(9) FIG. 9 is a detent system for output clutch plates according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(10) FIG. 10 is an output clutch plate keyway with a coating of wear resistance material according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(11) FIGS. 11a and 11b are illustrations of a shaft lug key spacer plate according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(12) FIGS. 12a and 12b are illustrations of an output clutch plate keyway clip according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(13) FIG. 13 is an output clutch plate with a tab according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

(14) FIG. 14 is an output clutch plate keyway channel flange according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

(16) One solution to prevent vibration, wobble, and instability of the output clutch plates 77, 78, and 80 is to dampen the response of the output clutch plates 77, 78, and 80 such that wear of the keyway 100 is prevented. There are several approaches to restrict the movement of output clutch plates 77, 78, and 80. One approach is to restrain the output clutch plates 77, 78, and 80 from axial movement in the disengaged clutch position.

(17) FIG. 5a illustrates a shaft lug key 88 with an outer radial surface 501 and an inner radial surface 503. The shaft lug key 88 is received by the keyway 100 as shown in FIG. 5b. The keyway 100 in the illustrative embodiment has a circular seat 505 shape to receive the inner radial surface 503. With the shaft lug key 88 fully filling the keyway 100, axial and radial movement, as well as wobble, are damped. The shaft lug key 88 of FIGS. 5a and 5b, as a result of extending to the seat 505 of the keyway 100 has an increased mass which in turn may be minimized by removing material on the outer surface 501 as shown by recess 507. Engagement protrusions 509 restrict the output clutch plates 77, 78, and 80 from being able to move off center.

(18) The cross section of the inner surface 503 of the shaft lug key 88 and its receiving keyway 100 may also be of a trapezoidal, parabolic, rectangular, triangular or polygonal shape. The relevant characteristic with respect to this embodiment is that the lug key 88 substantially fills the keyway 100 to limit axial, radial, and tilting movement when the clutch is not engaged.

(19) Another embodiment of the present subject matter is the implementation of stainless steel fingers 601, 602 and 603 or springs on the inner surface 503 of the shaft lug key 88. The fingers 601, 602 and 603 would dampen any axial movement as well as push the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 to a neutral or home position when the clutch is disengaged. The home position is the preferred location of the output clutch plates 77, 78, and 80 when the clutch is disengaged.

(20) The existing bolts that mount the lug key 88 to the output shaft 60 may be used to mount the fingers 601, 602 and 603. The lug key inner surface 503 may be modified to allow the fingers to be imbedded within the key 88 and may offset any additional weight added by the fingers 601, 602 and 603 by removing stock from the lug key 88.

(21) The fingers 601, 602 and 603 would extend between the inner surface of the lug key through the radial gap 611 between the seat 505 of the keyway 100 and the lug key 88 as shown in FIG. 6. The shape of the fingers 601, 602 and 603 may be dependent upon the position of the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80. The fingers 601, 602 and 603 impede axial and radial movement when the clutch is in the disengaged position. Each finger 601, 602 and 603 has a connection point 610, an elbow 620 and an arm 630 angled with respect to the clutch plate to urge the plate forward when in the disengaged position as shown in FIG. 6. Similarly, the clutch plate 80 is urged backwards to its home position and the middle clutch plate 78 is urged to its middle home position by the respective fingers 601, 602 and 603. The fingers 601, 602 and 603 are configured to allow the axial movement required to engage the clutch, but otherwise dampen unwanted axial movement.

(22) Another approach is shown in FIG. 7, where the keyway 100 is designed to have slightly angled sides such that the keyway 100 has a trapezoidal cross-section. For example, a 7 degree taper may be used on the keyway 100 and the inner surface 503 of the key 88. In some embodiments the mouth 511 of the keyway 100 is wider than the seat 505 of the keyway 100 and the outer surface 501 of the lug key 88 is greater than the base of the inner surface 503 of the keyway 100. Any torque transmitted to the shaft lug key 88 applies a centering force to the clutch plate 77. Any wear in the keyway 100 allows the clutch plate 77 to move radially with respect to the lug key 88 but a centering force is still applied to the plate 77.

(23) FIG. 8a shows another embodiment of the subject matter. The inner surface 503 of the lug key 88 is configured axially as a spline to encourage the plates 77, 78, 80 to stay in their home region when the clutch is not engaged. The lug key 88 increases its width between the home regions of the plates 77, 78, 80 and as shown in FIG. 8a the width of the inner surface 503 of the lug key 88 is narrowest at the clutch plate's home location. Alternatively as shown in FIG. 8b, the depth as the inner surface 503 extends radially may also be varied axially, such that the inner surface 503 extends radially further between the home location and is shallowest in the home locations of the clutch plates 77, 78, 80. The interaction of the clutch plates 77, 78, 80 and the lug key 88 given its shape will urge the clutch plates to the home position when the clutch is not engaged and retain the plates 77, 78, 80 in their respective homes, while allowing axial movement required for engaging the clutch.

(24) FIG. 9 illustrates a detent system that may be employed to retain the clutch plates 77, 78, 80 at their home position while the clutch is disengaged. A detent is a device (as a catch, dog, or spring-operated ball) for positioning and holding one mechanical part in relation to another in a manner such that the device can be released by force applied to one of the parts. A spring 903 is retained within the shaft lug key 88 and provides a force on ball 901. The ball 901 in the embodiment shown acts as an urger. The spring 903 may also take the form of an elastic material. The keyway 100 in output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 is shaped to provide a recess 905 or indentation that cooperates with the ball 901 to position and retain the respective clutch plates 77, 78, 80 in their home positions. When in the engaged position the ball 901 is forced up and out of the way to allow the output clutch plates 77, 78, 80 to engage with the input clutch plates 62, 64. It is also envisioned that the detent system may be reversed with the ball 901 and spring 903 in the clutch plate and the recess 905 in the inner surface 503 of the shaft lug key 88.

(25) Another approach to prevent wear and subsequent imbalance of the output clutch plates 77, 78, 80 is the addition of a coating to the shaft lug key interface surface (i.e. the surface of keyway 100) of the output clutch plates 77, 78, 80. A ceramic or similar style barrier coating could add wear resistance to the keyway surface of the output clutch plates that are typically made of relatively brittle carbon. A silicon carbine coating or other oxidant coating would protect the underlying material and prevent imbalance as a result of removal of the underlying material. In FIG. 10, the coating is shown as being applied to the seat surfaces 1100 of the output clutch plate keyway 100. The coatings are preferably selected from carbides, ceramics, cerametallic and other high temperature and wear resistant material. Additionally, the coating may also be applied to the face of the clutch plates proximate the keyway 100. The area proximate the keyway 100 face does not frictionally engage with the other plates and thus a coating, while protecting from wear induced from interfaces with the shaft lug key 88, will not interfere with the engagement of the output plates 77, 78 and 80 with the input plates 62 and 64.

(26) FIGS. 11a and 11b illustrate an output shaft lug key 88 with a spacer 1501 positioned between the output shaft 60 and the lug key 88. The spacer 1501 takes up additional radial space between the output shaft 60 and the periphery of the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80. The spacers 1501 serve to limit the radial movement of the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 and thus limit damage that may occur if the plates 77, 78 and 80 were to contact the output shaft 60. FIG. 11b shows the spacer 1501 with a curved shape to fit securely against the inner periphery 1111 of the output shaft 60 and holes 1510 which correspond to the bolts used to secure the output shaft lug key 88. As shown in FIG. 11a, the spacers 1501 are distributed around the inner periphery 1111 of the output shaft 60 wherever an output shaft lug key 88 is positioned. The spacers 1501 may be constructed of a non-abrasive material to avoid damaging the periphery of the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 when in contact, or alternatively may be made of a sacrificial material to also avoid damaging the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80.

(27) Another approach to reduce wear is illustrated in FIGS. 12a and 12b. A U-shaped metallic clip 1205 is attached to the output clutch plate 77 and the keyway 100 is defined by the clip 1205. Because the clip 1205 is formed of a metallic material, such as steel, titanium, etc. it wears slower than the material from which the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 are constructed. The metallic clip 1205 is attached by rivets 1207 or other appropriate fastening means, with the rivets 1207 passing through slots 1209 in the metallic clip 1305 and corresponding holes 1210 in the output clutch plate 77, 78 and 80 as shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b, or the rivets 1207 may pass through holes in the clips and slots in the output clutch plates 77. This latter configuration is not shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b. The slots 1209 either in the metallic clip 1205 or in the output clutch plates 78 allow the clip 1205 to slide radially inward/outward as needed to occupy any available free-space. This would provide a metal contact to prevent the keyway 100 from wearing. Importantly the slots 1209 allow radial movement so that the radial load would be reacted by pressing against the corresponding lug key 88 rather than pulling on the brittle clutch plates which may have limited strength margins depending on the material, which is necessary in high speed clutches that have plates with large diameters. As shown in FIG. 12b, the metallic clip 1205 encompasses the recessed outer periphery of the output clutch plate 77. Alternatively, the metallic clip 1205 may be attached via adhesive, crimping or bolting to the output clutch plate 77; however this alternative may unduly radially load the output clutch plate 77.

(28) FIG. 13 shows a plurality of tabs 1310 extending from the outer periphery of the output clutch plate 77. The tabs 1310 serve as a stand-off to the clutch plates. The tabs 1310 occupy the free space outboard of the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80, preventing tilting of the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80. The tabs 1310 interact with the output shaft 60 to restrict the clutch plate 77, 78 and 80 from being able to move off center and thus keep the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 balanced within the desired operating limits. These tabs 1310 may also serve as sacrificial tabs to prevent damage to the frictional surfaces of the clutch plate 77. The tabs 1310 may be distributed around the outer periphery of the output clutch plate 77 and may be positioned with respect to the keyways 100. For example, the tabs 1310 may be placed circumferentially between adjacent keyways 100, or as shown on either side of the keyway 100. The tabs 1310 may be integral to the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 or made of another material such as metal that exhibits better wear characteristics. The tabs 1310 may also be arranged in pairs and attached to opposite axial faces of the outer periphery of the clutch plate 77. The use of tab pairs will further limit pitch and yaw of the clutch plate 77.

(29) A final approach to preventing wear and imbalance is shown in FIG. 14. Metal clips 1401 received in the outer periphery of the clutch plate 77 define the keyway 100. The metal clips 1401 extend axially forward and aft of the clutch plate 77. These axially longer metal clips 1401 prevent the clutch plate 77 from tilting. By limiting the axial movement due to tilting, the metallic clip can help reduce the amount of wear on the output clutch plate 77. In addition, by restricting tilting of the output clutch plate 77, wobbling and imbalance of the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 are also dampened. As shown in FIG. 14, the metallic clip 1401 forms an elongated channel that is adapted to receive the shaft lug key 88 and extends axially along a shaft lug key 88 which increases the contact area of the interface between the keyway 100 and the lug key 88 and thus reduces stress concentrations and more effectively resists axial movement than key/keyway interfaces with less contact area. The extended metallic clips 1401 reduce pitching, yawing and axial translation of the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80. Because of the possibility of increased torque transmitted from the metal clips 1401 to the periphery of the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80, additional flanges may extend circumferentially from the metal clip 1401 in order to attach the clip 1401 to the clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 in a manner similar to that shown in FIGS. 12a and 12b. The flanges may reduce localized loads and distribute the loads over a greater area. The axial length of the metallic clips 1401 are a function of the axial thickness of the adjacent input clutch plates and the proximity of the output clutch plates 77, 78 and 80 to the axial bounds of the clutch. The metallic clips 1410 may take the form of a C-channel as shown in FIG. 14. The clip 1410 may also be tapered radially as it extends axially, thus reducing the weight load of the clip 1410.

(30) While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventions are desired to be protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as preferable, preferably, preferred or more preferred utilized in the description above indicate that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary and embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the invention, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as a, an, at least one, or at least one portion are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language at least a portion and/or a portion is used the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.