PNEUMATIC TIRE

Abstract

A pneumatic tire that can greatly improve the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces without worsening of the rolling resistance. A rubber composition used in a tread of the pneumatic tire includes a rubber component (A) including 50 mass % or more of isoprene-based rubber, a specific amount of a thermoplastic resin (B), and a filler (C) including 70 mass % or more of silica. In the rubber composition, tan at 0 C. is 0.5 or less, the difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. is 0.070 or less, and the storage modulus at a dynamic strain of 1% and 0 C. is 20 MPa or less. In the pneumatic tire, a tread edge component ratio defined as (sum of tire widthwise extending length of lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of widthwise sipes on the tread surface)/(tire circumferential length) is 6.0 to 8.0.

Claims

1. A pneumatic tire comprising lug grooves and widthwise sipes on a surface of a tread; wherein a rubber composition used in the tread comprises a rubber component (A) including 50 mass % or more of at least one type of isoprene-based rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic isoprene rubber, a thermoplastic resin (B), and a filler (C) including 70 mass % or more of silica, an amount of the thermoplastic resin (B) is 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), and in the rubber composition, tan at 0 C. is 0.5 or less, a difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. is 0.070 or less, and a storage modulus at a dynamic strain of 1% and 0 C. is 20 MPa or less; and a tread edge component ratio of the tread as defined by Expression (1) is 6.0 to 8.0;
tread edge component ratio=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes on the surface of the tread)/(tire circumferential length).Expression (1):

2. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein a difference between tan at 0 C. and tan at 30 C. is 0.30 or less in the rubber composition.

3. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein a difference between tan at 0 C. and tan at 60 C. is 0.35 or less in the rubber composition.

4. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein the rubber composition further includes 1 to 5 parts by mass of a softener (D) per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

5. The pneumatic tire of claim 4, wherein the softener (D) is a mineral-derived or petroleum-derived softener.

6. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein an amount of the silica in the rubber composition is 40 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

7. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein the filler (C) further includes carbon black, and an amount of the carbon black is 1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

8. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin (B) is one or more kinds of resins selected from the group consisting of C.sub.5-based resins, C.sub.9-based resins, C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins, dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin resins, alkyl phenolic resins, and terpene phenolic resins.

9. The pneumatic tire of claim 1, wherein in the tread, an edge component ratio of a tread center portion defined by Expression (2) is higher than an edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions defined by Expression (3);
edge component ratio of tread center portion=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes in the tread center portion)/(tire circumferential length);Expression (2):
edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes in the tread shoulder portions)/(tire circumferential length).Expression (3):

10. The pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein a difference between tan at 0 C. and tan at 60 C. is 0.35 or less in the rubber composition.

11. The pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein the rubber composition further includes 1 to 5 parts by mass of a softener (D) per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

12. The pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein an amount of the silica in the rubber composition is 40 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

13. The pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein the filler (C) further includes carbon black, and an amount of the carbon black is 1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

14. The pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic resin (B) is one or more kinds of resins selected from the group consisting of C.sub.5-based resins, C.sub.9-based resins, C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins, dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin resins, alkyl phenolic resins, and terpene phenolic resins.

15. The pneumatic tire of claim 2, wherein in the tread, an edge component ratio of a tread center portion defined by Expression (2) is higher than an edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions defined by Expression (3);
edge component ratio of tread center portion=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes in the tread center portion)/(tire circumferential length);Expression (2):
edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes in the tread shoulder portions)/(tire circumferential length).Expression (3):

16. The pneumatic tire of claim 3, wherein the rubber composition further includes 1 to 5 parts by mass of a softener (D) per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

17. The pneumatic tire of claim 3, wherein an amount of the silica in the rubber composition is 40 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

18. The pneumatic tire of claim 3, wherein the filler (C) further includes carbon black, and an amount of the carbon black is 1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

19. The pneumatic tire of claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic resin (B) is one or more kinds of resins selected from the group consisting of C.sub.5-based resins, C.sub.9-based resins, C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins, dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin resins, alkyl phenolic resins, and terpene phenolic resins.

20. The pneumatic tire of claim 3, wherein in the tread, an edge component ratio of a tread center portion defined by Expression (2) is higher than an edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions defined by Expression (3);
edge component ratio of tread center portion=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes in the tread center portion)/(tire circumferential length);Expression (2):
edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions=(sum of tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes in the tread shoulder portions)/(tire circumferential length).Expression (3):

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] FIG. 1 is a partial developed view of a tread pattern of the pneumatic tire according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0034] FIG. 2 is a partial developed view of a tread pattern of a pneumatic tire in a Comparative Example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The pneumatic tire of the present disclosure is described below in detail with reference to embodiments thereof.

[0036] FIG. 1 is a partial developed view of a tread pattern of the pneumatic tire according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. On the surface of a tread 10, the pneumatic tire in FIG. 1 includes circumferential grooves 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g extending continuously in the tire circumferential direction C and lug grooves 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f and widthwise sipes 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h extending at an inclination relative to the tire circumferential direction C. When the tread contacts the ground, the lug grooves 12a to 12f normally do not close, whereas the widthwise sipes 13a to 13h normally do close. Provision of an appropriate number of the lug grooves 12a to 12f and the widthwise sipes 13a to 13h in the tread 10 can increase the tread edge component ratio of the tire while ensuring the contact area with the contact patch of the tread 10. The tread edge component ratio in the present disclosure is an index representing the degree of tread edges with respect to the tire circumferential direction.

[0037] The lug grooves 12a to 12f and the widthwise sipes 13a to 13h that extend at an inclination relative to the tire circumferential direction C are preferably inclined from 30 to 85, more preferably 40 to 85, relative to the tire circumferential direction C.

[0038] In the present disclosure, the tire widthwise extending length of a lug groove refers to the projected length of the lug groove in the tire width direction, and the tire widthwise extending length of a widthwise sipe refers to the projected length of the widthwise sipe in the tire width direction, as described above. For example, on the tread 10 of the pneumatic tire illustrated in FIG. 1, the tire widthwise extending length of one lug groove 12a is a projected length l.sub.12a of the lug groove 12a in the tire width direction, and the tire widthwise extending length of one widthwise sipe 13b is a projected length l.sub.13b of the widthwise sipe 13b in the tire width direction.

[0039] In the tread of the pneumatic tire according to the present disclosure, the tread edge component ratio defined by Expression (1), i.e. the sum of the tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves and tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes on the tread surface divided by the tire circumferential length (i.e. the circumferential length of the tread surface at the tire equatorial plane E), is 6.0 to 8.0. Deformation of the tread decreases and strain decreases when the tread edge component ratio defined by Expression (1) is less than 6.0. Consequently, the effects of the below-described rubber composition used in the tread are not sufficiently achieved, and the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces cannot be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, the contact area with the contact patch of the land portions of the tread decreases when the tread edge component ratio defined by Expression (1) exceeds 8.0. In this case as well, the effects of the below-described rubber composition used in the tread are not sufficiently achieved, and the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces cannot be sufficiently improved.

[0040] Here, the tread edge component ratio defined by Expression (1) is preferably in a range of 7.0 to 8.0 to further achieve the effects of the rubber composition used in the tread.

[0041] Similarly, the edge component ratio derived from the lug grooves (i.e., the sum of the tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves on the tread surface divided by the tire circumferential length) is preferably in a range of 3.0 to 4.25, more preferably a range of 3.5 to 4.0, and the edge component ratio derived from the widthwise sipes (i.e. the sum of the tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes on the tread surface divided by the tire circumferential length) is preferably in a range of 3.0 to 4.25, more preferably a range of 3.5 to 4.0, to further achieve the effects of the rubber composition used in the tread.

[0042] In the tread 10 of the pneumatic tire illustrated in FIG. 1, the edge component ratio of a tread center portion 14 as defined by Expression (2) above is preferably higher than the edge component ratio of tread shoulder portions 15, 16 as defined by Expression (3) above. The edge component ratio of the tread shoulder portions 15, 16 becomes relatively low, and the rigidity of the tread shoulder portions 15, 16 becomes relatively high, when the edge component ratio of the tread center portion 14 as defined by Expression (2) above is higher than the edge component ratio of the tread shoulder portions 15, 16 as defined by Expression (3) above. Consequently, the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces can be greatly improved while suppressing wear of the tread shoulder portions 15, 16.

[0043] In the present disclosure, as described above, the tread center portion 14 refers to the portion of the tire tread surface located at the tire width direction center when the tread surface is divided into four even parts in the tire width direction along planes parallel to the equatorial plane E. In other words, the tread center portion 14 is the central range of the width (periphery width) W of the tread surface in the tire width direction, centered on the tire equatorial plane E (i.e. a W range on either side of the tire equatorial plane E in the tire width direction). On the other hand, the tread shoulder portions 15, 16 refer to a pair of portions of the tire tread surface located at the outer sides in the tire width direction when the tread surface is divided into four even parts in the tire width direction along planes parallel to the equatorial plane E. In other words, the tread shoulder portions 15, 16 are the ranges of the width W of the tread surface in the tire width direction, located at either outer side of the tread center portion 14 in the tire width direction.

[0044] A rubber composition used in the tread 10 includes a rubber component (A) including 50 mass % or more of at least one type of isoprene-based rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic isoprene rubber, a thermoplastic resin (B), and a filler (C) including 70 mass % or more of silica, and in the rubber composition, the amount of the thermoplastic resin (B) is 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), tan at 0 C. is 0.5 or less, the difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. is 0.070 or less, and the storage modulus (E) at a dynamic strain of 1% and 0 C. is 20 MPa or less.

[0045] Adding a prescribed amount of the thermoplastic resin (B) to the rubber composition can reduce the elastic modulus in a high strain region while suppressing a reduction of the elastic modulus in a low strain region. Therefore, applying this rubber composition to a tire tread can ensure rigidity of the tread in a portion far from the contact patch with the road surface, where strain is small during running, while increasing the deformation volume of the tread near the contact patch with the road surface, where strain is large during running.

[0046] Setting the content ratio of silica in the filler (C) that is added to the rubber composition to 70 mass % or more can suppress a rise in tan (loss tangent) and suppress worsening of the rolling resistance of a tire with a tread in which the rubber composition is applied.

[0047] The coefficient of friction () on dry and wet road surfaces is proportional to the product of rigidity of the entire tread, the amount of deformation of the tread, and tan (loss tangent). Hence, even if a rise in tan is suppressed to control worsening of the rolling resistance in the pneumatic tire of the present disclosure, in which the rubber composition is applied to the tread, the amount of deformation of the tread can be increased while ensuring rigidity of the entire tread, thereby sufficiently increasing the coefficient of friction () on dry and wet road surfaces. This increase in the coefficient of friction () on dry and wet road surfaces improves the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces. In the tread of the pneumatic tire according to the present disclosure, the tread edge component ratio defined by Expression (1) is 6.0 to 8.0, deformation and strain of the tread are large, and the contact area with the tread contact patch is also large. Consequently, the effects of the rubber composition applied to the tread are sufficiently achieved.

[0048] The pneumatic tire of the present disclosure can therefore greatly improve the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces while suppressing worsening of the rolling resistance.

[0049] In the rubber composition, tan at 0 C. is 0.5 or less, preferably 0.45 or less, and even more preferably 0.4 or less to suppress worsening of the rolling resistance. While no lower limit is placed on tan at 0 C., tan at 0 C. is normally 0.15 or more. The rolling resistance of the tire might worsen if tan at 0 C. in the rubber composition exceeds 0.5.

[0050] In the rubber composition, tan at 30 C. is preferably 0.4 or less, more preferably 0.35 or less, and is normally 0.1 or more. Furthermore, in the rubber composition, tan at 60 C. is preferably 0.35 or less, more preferably 0.3 or less, and is normally 0.05 or more. These ranges can further suppress worsening of the rolling resistance of the tire.

[0051] To reduce the temperature dependence of the rolling resistance, the difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. in the rubber composition is 0.070 or less, preferably 0.060 or less, more preferably 0.055 or less, and even more preferably 0.050 or less. No lower limit is placed on the difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C., and this difference may be 0. If the difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. in the rubber composition exceeds 0.070, the temperature dependence of the rolling resistance of the tire increases.

[0052] To reduce the temperature dependence of the rolling resistance, the difference between tan at 0 C. and tan at 30 C. in the rubber composition is preferably 0.30 or less, more preferably from 0.14 to 0.30, even more preferably 0.15 to 0.25, and particularly preferably 0.16 to 0.20.

[0053] To reduce the temperature dependence of the rolling resistance, the difference between tan at 0 C. and tan at 60 C. in the rubber composition is preferably 0.35 or less, more preferably 0.24 or less, and even more preferably 0.23 or less. This difference may also be 0.

[0054] From the standpoint of steering stability of the tire on wet road surfaces, the storage modulus (E) of the rubber composition at a dynamic strain of 1% and 0 C. is 20 MPa or less, preferably 18 MPa or less, more preferably 16 MPa or less, and is preferably 3 MPa or more, more preferably 5 MPa or more. The rubber composition is highly flexible if the storage modulus at a dynamic strain of 1% and 0 C. is 20 MPa or less. Applying this rubber composition to a tire tread can improve the grounding property of the tread, greatly improving the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces.

[0055] From the standpoint of steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces, the tensile strength (Tb) of the rubber composition is preferably 20 MPa or more, more preferably 23 MPa or more. Using a rubber composition with a tensile strength of 20 MPa or more in the tread improves the rigidity of the tread overall and further improves the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces.

[0056] The rubber component (A) of the rubber composition includes 50 mass % or more of at least one type of isoprene-based rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic isoprene rubber, preferably 60 mass % or more, and more preferably 70 mass % or more. No upper limit is placed on the content ratio of the isoprene-based rubber in the rubber component (A), and the entire rubber component (A) may be isoprene-based rubber. When the content ratio of the isoprene-based rubber in the rubber component (A) is 50 mass % or more, a rise in the tan (loss tangent) of the rubber composition is suppressed. Applying this rubber composition to a tire tread can suppress worsening of the rolling resistance of the tire.

[0057] Other than natural rubber (NR) and synthetic isoprene rubber (IR), the rubber component (A) may include synthetic diene rubber such as polybutadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (SBR), and styrene-isoprene copolymer rubber (SIR), or may include another synthetic rubber. One kind of these rubber components (A) may be used alone, or a blend of two or more kinds may be used.

[0058] The rubber composition includes the thermoplastic resin (B). Adding the thermoplastic resin (B) to the rubber composition can reduce the elastic modulus in a high strain region while suppressing a reduction of the elastic modulus in a low strain region. Therefore, applying the rubber composition that includes the thermoplastic resin (B) to a tire tread can ensure rigidity of the tread in a portion far from the contact patch with the road surface, where strain is small during running, while increasing the deformation volume of the tread near the contact patch with the road surface, where strain is large during running. Consequently, the friction coefficient () at dry and wet road surfaces increases, which can improve the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces.

[0059] The amount of the thermoplastic resin (B) is 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), preferably 8 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 20 parts by mass. When the amount of the thermoplastic resin (B) is 5 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), the elastic modulus of the rubber composition in the high strain region can be reduced, and when the amount is 40 parts by mass or less, a reduction of the elastic modulus of the rubber composition in the low strain region can be suppressed.

[0060] C.sub.5-based resins, C.sub.9-based resins, C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins, dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin resins, alkyl phenolic resins, and terpene phenolic resins are preferable as the thermoplastic resin (B) from the standpoint of steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces. One kind of these thermoplastic resins (B) may be used alone, or a combination of two or more kinds may be used.

[0061] The C.sub.5-based resins refer to C.sub.5-based synthetic petroleum resins. Examples of C.sub.5-based resins include aliphatic petroleum resins obtained by using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as AlCl.sub.3 or BF.sub.3 to polymerize a C.sub.5 fraction obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha in the petrochemical industry. The C.sub.5 fraction usually includes an olefinic hydrocarbon such as 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, or 3-methyl-1-butene, a diolefinic hydrocarbon such as 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,2-pentadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, or 3-methyl-1,2-butadiene, or the like. Commercial products may be used as the C.sub.5-based resins, such as the Escorez 1000 series, which are aliphatic petroleum resins produced by ExxonMobil Chemical Company; A100, B170, M100, R100 in the Quintone 100 series, which are aliphatic petroleum resins produced by Zeon Corporation; and the like.

[0062] The C.sub.9-based resins are, for example, resins resulting from polymerization of an aromatic group that has 9 carbon atoms and has, as the principal monomers, vinyl toluene, alkyl styrene, and indene, which are C.sub.9 fraction by-products produced along with petrochemical raw materials, such as ethylene or propylene, by pyrolysis of naphtha in the petrochemical industry. Specific examples of C.sub.9 fractions obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha include vinyltoluene, -methylstyrene, -methylstyrene, -methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, and indene. Along with a C.sub.9 fraction, the C.sub.9-based resin may use a C.sub.8 fraction, such as styrene, a C.sub.10 fraction, such as methylindene or 1,3-dimethylstyrene, and other substances such as naphthalene, vinylnaphthalene, vinylanthracene, or p-tert-butylstyrene as raw materials. These C.sub.8-C.sub.10 fractions and the like may simply be mixed or may be co-polymerized using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, for example. The C.sub.9-based resin may be a modified petroleum resin modified by a compound including a hydroxyl group, an unsaturated carboxylic acid compound, or the like. Commercial products may be used as the C.sub.9-based resins. Examples of an unmodified C.sub.9-based petroleum resin include Neopolymer L-90, Neopolymer 120, Neopolymer 130, and Neopolymer 140 (produced by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation), and the like.

[0063] The C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins refer to C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based synthetic petroleum resins. Examples of C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins include a solid polymer obtained by polymerizing a petroleum-derived C.sub.5 to C.sub.11 fraction using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as AlCl.sub.3 or BF.sub.3. Specific examples include copolymers having, as main components, styrene, vinyltoluene, a-methylstyrene, indene, and the like. As the C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins, resins with little C.sub.9 or higher component are preferable in terms of compatibility with the rubber component (A). Here, including little C.sub.9 or higher component means that the amount of C.sub.9 or higher component in the total amount of the resin is less than 50 mass %, preferably 40 mass % or less. Commercial products may be used as the C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resins. Examples include Quintone G100B (produced by Zeon Corporation) and ECR213 (produced by ExxonMobil Chemical Company).

[0064] The dicyclopentadiene resin is a petroleum resin manufactured using dicyclopentadiene, which is obtainable by dimerization of cyclopentadiene, as the main raw material. Commercial products may be used as the dicyclopentadiene resin. Examples include 1105, 1325, 1340 in the Quintone 1000 series, which are alicyclic petroleum resins produced by Zeon Corporation.

[0065] The rosin resins are natural resins that are the residue remaining after gathering a balsam such as rosin, which is the sap of a pinaceae plant, and distilling turpentine. The rosin resins have rosin acid (abietic acid, palustric acid, isopimaric acid, etc.) as the main component. The rosin resins may also be modified resins or hydrogenated resins produced by modifying, hydrogenating, etc. these natural resins. Examples include natural resin rosin, and polymerized rosins and partially hydrogenated rosins thereof; glycerin ester rosin, and partially hydrogenated rosins, completely hydrogenated rosins, and polymerized rosins thereof; and pentaerythritol ester rosin, and partially hydrogenated rosins and polymerized rosins thereof. Examples of natural resin rosins include gum rosin, tall oil rosin, and wood rosin included in raw rosin or tall oil. Commercial products may be used as the rosin resin. Examples include Neotall 105 (produced by Harima Chemicals Group, Inc.), SN-Tack 754 (produced by San Nopco Ltd.), Lime Resin No. 1, Pensel A and Pensel AD (produced by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Polypale and Pentalyn C (produced by Eastman Chemical Co.), and Highrosin S (produced by Taishamatsu Essential Oil Co., Ltd.).

[0066] The alkyl phenolic resin may, for example, be obtained by a condensation reaction of an alkylphenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst. Commercial products may be used as the alkyl phenolic resin. Examples include Hitanol 1502P (produced by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), Tackirol 201 (produced by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.), Tackirol 250-I (a brominated alkylphenol formaldehyde resin produced by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.), Tackirol 250-111 (a brominated alkylphenol formaldehyde resin produced by Taoka Chemical Co., Ltd.), R7521P, SP1068, R7510PJ, R7572P and R7578P (produced by Schenectady Chemicals, Inc.), and R7510PJ (produced by SI GROUP INC).

[0067] The terpene phenolic resin may, for example, be obtained by reacting terpenes and various phenols using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst or by further condensing the resultant with formalin. While the terpenes used as raw material are not restricted, a monoterpene hydrocarbon such as -pinene or limonene is preferable, a terpene including -pinene is more preferable, and -pinene itself is particularly preferable. Commercial products may be used as the terpene phenolic resin. Examples include Tamanol 803L and Tamanol 901 (produced by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and YS Polyster U series, YS Polyster T series, YS Polyster S series, YS Polyster G series, YS Polyster N series, YS Polyster K series, and YS Polyster TH series (produced by Yasuhara Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0068] The rubber composition includes the filler (C). The filler (C) includes 70 mass % or more of silica, preferably 80 mass % or more, and more preferably 90 mass % or more. No upper limit is placed on the ratio of silica in the filler (C), and the entire filler (C) may be silica. When the ratio of silica in the filler (C) is 70 mass % or higher, then tan of the rubber composition can be reduced, and worsening of the rolling resistance of the tire to which the rubber composition is applied can be suppressed.

[0069] Any type of silica may be used. Examples include wet silica (hydrous silicate), dry silica (anhydrous silicate), calcium silicate, and aluminum silicate. Among these, wet silica is preferred. One kind of these silicas may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0070] The amount of the silica in the rubber composition is preferably in a range of 40 to 70 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), more preferably a range of 45 to 60 parts by mass. When the amount of the silica is 40 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), tan of the rubber composition can be lowered, and the rolling resistance of a tire to which the rubber composition is applied can be reduced. When the amount of the silica is 70 parts by mass or less, the rubber composition is highly flexible. Applying this rubber composition to tread rubber of a tire increases the deformation volume of the tread rubber, allowing further improvement in the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces.

[0071] In the rubber composition, the filler (C) preferably further includes carbon black. The amount of the carbon black is preferably in a range of 1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), more preferably a range of 3 to 8 parts by mass. Adding 1 part by mass or more of the carbon black can improve the rigidity of the rubber composition, and adding 10 parts by mass or less can suppress a rise in tan . Hence, applying this rubber composition to the tread rubber of a tire can further improve the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces while suppressing worsening of the rolling resistance of the tire.

[0072] The carbon black is not restricted. Examples include GPF, FEF, HAF, ISAF, and SAF grade carbon black. Among these, ISAF and SAF grade carbon black are preferable for improving the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces. One kind of these carbon blacks may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0073] In addition to the above-described silica and carbon black, the filler (C) may also include aluminum hydroxide, alumina, clay, calcium carbonate, or the like.

[0074] The amount of the filler (C) in the rubber composition is preferably 30 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 80 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A). When the amount of the filler (C) in the rubber composition is within the aforementioned ranges, then applying the rubber composition to a tire tread can further improve the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces while reducing the rolling resistance of the tire.

[0075] From the standpoint of processability and operability, the rubber composition can further include a softener (D). The amount of the softener (D) is preferably in a range of 1 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), more preferably a range of 1.5 to 3 parts by mass. Adding 1 part by mass or more of the softener (D) facilitates kneading of the rubber composition, whereas adding 5 parts by mass or less of the softener (D) can suppress a reduction in the rigidity of the tread.

[0076] Examples of the softener (D) include mineral-derived oil, petroleum-derived aromatic oil, paraffin oil, naphthene oil, and palm oil derived from natural products. Among these, a mineral-derived softener and a petroleum-derived softener are preferred from the standpoint of steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces.

[0077] To improve the effect of adding silica, a silane coupling agent is preferably added to the rubber composition. Any silane coupling agent may be added. Examples include bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis(2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 2-triethoxysilylethyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl benzothiazolyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl benzothiazolyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate monosulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate monosulfide, bis(3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl-N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, and dimethoxymethylsilylpropyl benzothiazolyl tetrasulfide. One kind of these silane coupling agents may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.

[0078] The amount of the silane coupling agent is preferably in a range of 2 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the silica, more preferably a range of 5 to 15 parts by mass. When the amount of the silane coupling agent is 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the silica, the effect of adding the silica is sufficiently improved. When the amount of the silane coupling agent is 20 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the silica, gelation of the rubber component (A) is unlikely.

[0079] The rubber composition preferably further includes a fatty acid metal salt. Examples of the metal useable in the fatty acid metal salt include Zn, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Co, Ni, Ba, Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn, with Zn being preferable. Examples of the fatty acid usable in the fatty acid metal salt include fatty acids having a saturated or unsaturated linear, branched, or cyclic structure with 4 to 30 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof. Among these, saturated or unsaturated linear fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms are preferable. Examples of saturated linear fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. Examples of unsaturated linear fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms include oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. One kind of fatty acid metal salt may be used alone, or a combination of two or more kinds may be used.

[0080] The amount of the fatty acid metal salt is preferably in a range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), more preferably a range of 0.5 to 5 parts by mass.

[0081] In addition to the rubber component (A), the thermoplastic resin (B), the filler (C), the softener (D), the silane coupling agent, and the fatty acid metal salt, the rubber composition may also include compounding agents typically used in the rubber industry. For example, stearic acid, an age resistor, zinc oxide (zinc white), a vulcanization accelerator, a vulcanizing agent, or the like may be appropriately selected and added in a range that does not impede the object of the present disclosure. Commercially available products may be suitably used as these additives. However, to reduce the storage modulus (E) of the rubber composition at a dynamic strain of 1% and 0 C., a thermosetting resin such as a novolac-type or resol-type phenolic resin, a resorcin resin, or the like is preferably not added.

[0082] The rubber composition is preferably produced through a process of kneading the following, excluding a vulcanization compounding agent that includes a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanization accelerator, at 150 C. to 165 C.: a rubber component (A) that contains 50 mass % or more of at least one type of isoprene-based rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic isoprene rubber, a thermoplastic resin (B), and a filler (C) including 70 mass % or more of the silica.

[0083] Kneading at 150 C. to 165 C. while excluding the vulcanization compounding agent can disperse compounding agents other than the vulcanization compounding agent in the rubber component (A) uniformly while avoiding premature vulcanization (scorching). This allows the effects of each compounding agent to be sufficiently achieved and can reduce the difference between tan at 30 C. and tan at 60 C. while reducing tan at 0 C. in the rubber composition.

[0084] The value of tan of the rubber composition, the difference between tan at various temperatures, the storage modulus (E), and the tensile strength (Tb) can be changed by adjusting not only the above-described kneading temperature, but also the type and blend ratio of the rubber component (A), the type and amount of the thermoplastic resin (B), the silica content in the filler (C), the type of silica, and the like, and also the type and amount of other compounding agents.

[0085] During production of the rubber composition, kneading may be performed again at a different temperature lower than 150 C. after kneading at 150 C. to 165 C. as described above.

[0086] During production of the rubber composition, a vulcanization compounding agent that includes a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanization accelerator is preferably added after the compounding agents other than the vulcanization compounding agent are sufficiently dispersed in the rubber component (A). Kneading is then preferably performed at a temperature that can prevent premature vulcanization (scorching), such as 90 C. to 120 C.

[0087] The kneading time during kneading at each temperature during production of the rubber composition is not restricted and may be set appropriately considering factors such as the size of the kneading device, the volume of the raw material, and the type and state of the raw material.

[0088] Examples of the vulcanizing agent include sulfur.

[0089] The amount of the vulcanizing agent is preferably in a range of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass as sulfur per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), more preferably a range of 1 to 4 parts by mass. When the amount of the vulcanizing agent is 0.1 parts by mass or more as sulfur, the fracture strength, wear resistance, and the like of the vulcanized rubber can be ensured. When this amount is 10 parts by mass or less, the rubber elasticity can be sufficiently ensured. In particular, setting the amount of the vulcanizing agent to 4 parts by mass or less as sulfur can further improve the steering stability of the tire on dry and wet road surfaces.

[0090] Any vulcanization accelerator may be used. Examples include a thiazole type vulcanization accelerator such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M), dibenzothiazolyl disulfide (DM), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolyl sulfenamide (CZ), and N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolyl sulfenamide (NS); and a guanidine type vulcanization accelerator such as 1,3-diphenyl guanidine (DPG). The rubber composition preferably includes three types of vulcanization accelerators.

[0091] The amount of the vulcanization accelerator is preferably in a range of 0.1 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A), more preferably a range of 0.2 to 3 parts by mass.

[0092] The rubber composition may be produced using a Banbury mixer, a roll, or the like, for example, to blend and knead the above-described components, i.e. the rubber component (A), the thermoplastic resin (B), the filler (C), and any compounding agents selected as necessary, and then subjecting the result to processes such as warming and extrusion.

[0093] In accordance with the type of applicable tire, the pneumatic tire of the present disclosure may be obtained by first molding a tire using an unvulcanized rubber composition and then vulcanizing the tire, or by first molding a tire using semi-vulcanized rubber yielded by a preliminary vulcanization process and then fully vulcanizing the tire. The members other than the tread in the pneumatic tire of the present disclosure are not restricted, and widely-known members may be used. The pneumatic tire of the present disclosure may be filled with ordinary air or air with an adjusted partial pressure of oxygen, or the pneumatic tire may be filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, or helium.

Examples

[0094] The present disclosure is described below in detail with reference to Examples. However, the present disclosure is no way limited to the following Examples.

[0095] <Preparation and Measurement of Properties of Rubber Composition>

[0096] Rubber compositions with the formulations listed in Table 1 were prepared, and the loss tangent (tan ), storage modulus (E), and tensile strength (Tb) of the resulting rubber compositions were measured with the following methods. Table 1 lists the results.

[0097] (1) Loss Tangent (Tan ) and Storage Modulus (E)

[0098] The loss tangent (tan ) at 0 C., 30 C., and 60 C. and the storage modulus (E) at 0 C. of vulcanized rubber obtained by vulcanizing the rubber compositions at 145 C. for 33 minutes were measured under the conditions of an initial strain of 2%, a dynamic strain of 1%, and a frequency of 52 Hz, using a spectrometer produced by Ueshima Seisakusho Co., Ltd.

[0099] (2) Tensile Strength (Tb)

[0100] The tensile strength (Tb) of vulcanized rubber obtained by vulcanizing the rubber composition at 145 C. for 33 minutes was measured in accordance with JIS K6251-1993.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Rubber composition for tread A B C D E F Added to natural rubber *1 parts by 40 70 40 100 60 80 composition polybutadiene rubber *2 mass 60 40 20 modified styrene-butadiene rubber 1 *3 30 modified styrene-butadiene rubber 2 *4 60 carbon black *5 6 5 5 5 5 5 silica *6 50 85 50 50 50 50 silane coupling agent *7 6 6 4 4 4 4 C.sub.5-based resin *8 C.sub.9-based resin *9 15 2 2 15 15 C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resin *10 dicyclopentadiene resin *11 petroleum oil *12 7 5 2 2 2 2 age resistor*13 1 1 1 1 1 1 stearic acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 zinc white 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 vulcanization accelerator A *14 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 vulcanization accelerator B *15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 vulcanization accelerator C *16 1 1 1 1 1 1 sulfur 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 proportion of isoprene-based rubber in mass % 40 70 40 100 60 80 rubber component proportion of silica in filler 89.3 94.4 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9 Properties tan at 0 C. 0.770 0.425 0.31 0.327 0.325 0.339 tan at 30 C. 0.190 0.190 0.17 0.232 0.174 0.178 tan at 60 C. 0.100 0.145 0.12 0.148 0.129 0.133 tan at 0 C.-tan at 30 C. 0.580 0.234 0.137 0.095 0.152 0.161 tan at 30 C.-tan at 60 C. 0.089 0.046 0.05 0.083 0.044 0.045 E at 0 C. MPa 15.6 10.2 26.00 25.21 10.03 10.49 Tb 25.8 21.3 30.73 24.95 26.80 26.62 Rubber composition for tread G H I J K Added to natural rubber *1 parts by 100 100 100 100 100 composition polybutadiene rubber *2 mass modified styrene-butadiene rubber 1 *3 modified styrene-butadiene rubber 2 *4 carbon black *5 5 5 5 5 5 silica *6 50 50 50 50 50 silane coupling agent *7 4 4 4 4 4 C.sub.5-based resin *8 15 C.sub.9-based resin *9 15 8 C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resin *10 15 dicyclopentadiene resin *11 15 petroleum oil *12 2 2 2 2 2 age resistor *13 1 1 1 1 1 stearic acid 1 1 1 1 1 zinc white 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 vulcanization accelerator A *14 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 vulcanization accelerator B *15 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 vulcanization accelerator C *16 1 1 1 1 1 sulfur 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 proportion of isoprene-based rubber in mass % 100 100 100 100 100 rubber component proportion of silica in filler 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9 90.9 Properties tan at 0 C. 0.360 0.357 0.364 0.382 0.329 tan at 30 C. 0.190 0.171 0.175 0.193 0.178 tan at 60 C. 0.149 0.125 0.122 0.139 0.138 tan at 0 C.-tan at 30 C. 0.169 0.186 0.189 0.189 0.152 tan at 30 C.-tan at 60 C. 0.042 0.046 0.052 0.054 0.040 E at 0 C. MPa 11.40 8.18 8.40 8.66 11.05 Tb 25.41 27.43 27.04 27.25 26.61 *1: natural rubber: SIR20 produced in Indonesia *2: polybutadiene rubber: BR01 produced by JSR Corporation *3: modified styrene-butadiene rubber 1: modified SBR1 synthesized by the method below *4: modified styrene-butadiene rubber 2: modified SBR2 synthesized by the method below *5: carbon black: N234 (ISAF), #78 produced by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd. *6: silica: Nipsil AQ produced by Tosoh Silica Corporation *7: silane coupling agent: bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, (average sulfur chain length: 2.35), Si75 produced by Evonik *8 C.sub.5-based resin: Escorez 1102B produced by ExxonMobil Chemical Company *9 C.sub.9-based resin: Nisseki Neopolymer 140 produced by JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation *10 C.sub.5/C.sub.9-based resin: Quintone G100B produced by Zeon Corporation *11 dicyclopentadiene resin: Quintone 1105 produced by Zeon Corporation *12 petroleum oil: Process X-140 produced by Japan Energy Corporation *13 age resistor: N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, Nocrac 6C produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. *14 vulcanization accelerator A: 1,3-diphenyl guanidine, Soxinol D-G produced by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. *15 vulcanization accelerator B: dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, Nocceler DM-P produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. *16 vulcanization accelerator C: N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolyl sulfenamide, Nocceler CZ-G produced by Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0101] <Modified Styrene-Butadiene Rubber 1>

[0102] In an 800 mL pressure-resistant glass vessel that had been dried and purged with nitrogen, a cyclohexane solution of 1,3-butadiene and a cyclohexane solution of styrene were added to yield 67.5 g of 1,3-butadiene and 7.5 g of styrene. Then, 0.6 mmol of 2,2-ditetrahydrofurylpropane was added, and 0.8 mmol of n-butyllithium was added. Subsequently, the mixture was polymerized for 1.5 hours at 50 C. Next, 0.72 mmol of N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl] propylamine was added as a modifying agent to the polymerization reaction system when the polymerization conversion ratio reached nearly 100%, and a denaturation reaction was carried out for 30 minutes at 50 C. Subsequently, the reaction was stopped by adding 2 mL of an isopropanol solution containing 5 mass % of 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), and the result was dried with an ordinary method to obtain the modified styrene-butadiene rubber 1 (modified SBR 1). Measurement of the microstructure of the resulting modified SBR 1 revealed a bound styrene content of 10 mass %, a vinyl bond content of the butadiene portion of 40%, and a peak molecular weight of 200,000.

[0103] <Modified Styrene-Butadiene Rubber 2>

[0104] Apart from using N-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene)-3-triethoxysilyl-1-propanamine instead of the N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl] propylamine as the modifying agent, a polymerization reaction and denaturation reaction were carried out in the same way as for the modified SBR 1 to obtain the modified styrene-butadiene rubber 2 (modified SBR 2). Measurement of the microstructure of the resulting modified SBR 2 revealed a bound styrene content of 10 mass %, a vinyl bond content of the butadiene portion of 40%, and a peak molecular weight of 200,000.

[0105] <Production and Evaluation of Tires>

[0106] The rubber compositions obtained as described above were used in treads to produce pneumatic radial tires for passenger vehicles with a size of 195/65R15. The rolling resistance and the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces were evaluated for the tires using the methods below.

[0107] In Table 2 and Table 3, the edge component ratio derived from the lug grooves is the sum of the tire widthwise extending length of the lug grooves on the tread surface divided by the tire circumferential length, and the edge component ratio derived from the widthwise sipes is the sum of the tire widthwise extending length of the widthwise sipes on the tread surface divided by the tire circumferential length. These values are listed for each of the entire tread, the tread center portion, and the tread shoulder portions.

[0108] The tire tread pattern of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in Table 2 and the Examples and Comparative Examples in Table 3 was as illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0109] On the other hand, the tire tread pattern of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 in Table 2 was as illustrated in FIG. 2. The tread 20 of the pneumatic tire in FIG. 2 has circumferential grooves 21a, 21b, 21c extending continuously in the tire circumferential direction C and lug grooves 22a, 22b and widthwise sipes 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e, 23f extending at an inclination relative to the tire circumferential direction C. The tread edge component ratio in the tread 20, however, is less than 6.0.

[0110] The tire tread pattern of the tire of Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 4 in Table 2 was similar to that of FIG. 1, except that the density of lug grooves and sipes was changed to adjust the edge component ratio.

[0111] (3) Rolling Resistance

[0112] Sample tires were rotated at a speed of 80 km/hr in a rotating drum under a load of 4.82 kN, and the rolling resistance was measured. The results are listed as index values, with the rolling resistance of the tire of Comparative Example 1 as 100. A smaller index value represents lower rolling resistance.

[0113] (4) Steering Stability on Dry and Wet Road Surfaces

[0114] The sample tires were mounted on a test car, and the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces was represented as a feeling score by the driver. The results are listed as index values, with the feeling score of the tire of Comparative Example 1 as 100. A larger index value represents better steering stability.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Type of rubber composition A A B B B B B Overall edge component ratio derived from 2.89 3.78 2.89 3.78 3.02 3.91 4.01 tread lug grooves edge component ratio derived from 2.88 3.86 2.88 3.86 3.08 3.99 4.09 widthwise sipes edge component ratio of overall 5.77 7.64 5.77 7.64 6.1 7.9 8.1 tread Tread center edge component ratio derived from 0 1.05 0 1.05 0.84 1.09 1.11 portion lug grooves edge component ratio derived from 1.39 1.19 1.39 1.19 0.95 1.23 1.26 widthwise sipes edge component ratio of tread 1.39 2.24 1.39 2.24 1.79 2.31 2.37 center portion Tread edge component ratio derived from 2.89 2.73 2.89 2.73 2.18 2.82 2.89 shoulder lug grooves portions edge component ratio derived from 1.49 2.67 1.49 2.67 2.13 2.76 2.83 widthwise sipes edge component ratio of tread 4.38 5.40 4.38 5.40 4.31 5.58 5.72 shoulder portions Evaluation rolling resistance index 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 steering stability on dry road index 100 100 105 110 107 104 100 surface steering stability on wet road index 100 100 100 110 105 107 105 surface

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Com- Com- parative parative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Example Example 5 Example 6 ple 4 ple 5 ple 6 ple 7 ple 8 ple 9 10 Type of rubber composition C D E F G H I J K Overall edge component ratio derived from 3.78 3.78 3.78 3.78 3.78 3.78 3.78 3.78 3.78 tread lug grooves edge component ratio derived from 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 3.86 widthwise sipes edge component ratio of overall tread 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.64 7.64 Tread edge component ratio derived from 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 center lug grooves portion edge component ratio derived from 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 widthwise sipes edge component ratio of tread center 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 2.24 portion Tread edge component ratio derived from 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 shoulder lug grooves portions edge component ratio derived from 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.67 2.67 widthwise sipes edge component ratio of tread 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 5.40 shoulder portions Evaluation rolling resistance index 102 95 103 103 101 102 102 99 100 steering stability on dry road surface index 103 103 109 110 110 106 107 108 110 steering stability on wet road surface index 90 92 100 102 104 104 104 105 102

[0115] As is clear from Table 2 and Table 3, the pneumatic tires of the Examples of the present disclosure can greatly improve the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces without worsening of the rolling resistance.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0116] The present disclosure can provide a pneumatic tire that can greatly improve the steering stability on dry and wet road surfaces without worsening of the rolling resistance. This tire can be used on various types of vehicles.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0117] 10, 20: Tread [0118] 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g, 21a, 21b, 21c: Circumferential groove [0119] 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f, 22a, 22b: Lug groove [0120] 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, 23e, 23f: Widthwise sipe [0121] 14: Tread center portion [0122] 15, 16: Tread shoulder portion [0123] C: Tire circumferential direction [0124] E: Tire equatorial plane [0125] W: Width of tread surface in tire width direction [0126] l.sub.12a: Tire widthwise extending length of lug groove 12a (projected length of lug groove 12a in tire width direction) [0127] l.sub.13b: Tire widthwise extending length of widthwise sipe 13b (projected length of widthwise sipe 13b in tire width direction)