Multi-story crossroad and its traffic method with intensive land use and multiple functions

Abstract

A multifunctional and multi-story crossroad for intensive land use relates to urban road construction engineering and solves technical problems of urban traffic jams through space division and streamlined design, without occupying the land outside the road. It achieves: operating smoothly without red lights, large vehicle-free intersection space on the ground, large parking areas, long side of the road border between the parking area and roads, bicycle exclusive system. Technical elements include: learning from building design, multi-story crossroad, Turning Right and Looping Back technique, exclusive bikeway interlayer, adding a lane, and large steps above ramp of a tunnel. It is a combination of a smoothly flowing crossroad technique, viaduct and the tunnel. The main purposes are: for new construction and renovation of crossroad in congested cities, and development of city fast lanes, elevated roads and tunnels.

Claims

1. A multi-story crossroad for intensive land use, characterized in that it has story segregation in the area of road junctions and nearby sections, and includes four layers: a first layer of elevated road layer above a second layer of interlayer, the interlayer being above a third layer of ground floor, the ground floor in turn being above a fourth tunnel layer; wherein the elevated road layer is configured for vehicles traveling straight along a South-North direction when they need to pass straight; it is also configured for vehicles directly turning right and traveling down to the ground floor when they need to turn right; it is also configured for vehicles turning right first on one of two lateral horizontal long wings of the elevated road layer, then going straight, then turning around, traveling down to the ground floor and then entering the tunnel layer to complete left-turning when they need to turn left; the interlayer is configured for bicycles exclusively, the exclusive bikeway interlayer is provided right above an Extended Area of an Intersection Core of the ground floor and right below an Extended Area of an Intersection Core of the Elevated Road layer; openings are made in a center of the exclusive bikeway interlayer, bike ramps are arranged on the exclusive bikeway interlayer in four directions to connect with the ground floor, and the exclusive bikeway interlayer is configured for allowing travelling and parking of bikes; part of the ground floor is configured for a vehicle-free community center that includes: a higher part which is located under two main ramps of the elevated road layer; the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the ground floor; and two sets of stairs oppositely arranged above two main ramps of the tunnel and not leading to any other layer; the higher part, which is located under the two main ramps of the elevated road, and the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the ground floor of the vehicle-free community center are level with a sidewalk, wherein people can freely walk between the vehicle-free community center and the sidewalk, and there is no access route to the community center for vehicles; the tunnel layer is configured for vehicles traveling straight in an East-West direction perpendicular to the South-North direction, when they need to pass straight; it is also configured for vehicles directly turning right and traveling up and along the ground floor when they need to turn right; it is also configured for vehicles turning right first on a lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer, then going straight, then turning around, traveling up to the ground floor, and then entering the elevated road layer to complete left-turning when they need to turn left; the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the ground floor comprises a central portion of an intersection of the ground floor and four 20-meter long roads, one on each side of the central portion of the intersection of the ground floor; the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the elevated road layer comprises a central portion of an intersection between the elevated road layer and four 20-meter long roads, one on each side of the central portion of the intersection of the elevated road layer.

2. The multi-story crossroad according to claim 1, wherein the elevated road layer includes: a straight bridge and an elevated platform comprising the two lateral horizontal long wings of the elevated road layer; the straight bridge lays in and extends along the South-North direction, and the two lateral horizontal long wings, together, lay in and extend in the East-West direction; the straight bridge and the two lateral horizontal long wings intersect; wherein the straight bridge of the elevated road layer specifically includes the two main ramps of the elevated road layer, the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the elevated road layer and horizontal right-turn lane; each lateral horizontal long wing of the elevated platform of the elevated road layer comprises a parking area beside a motorway of the elevated road layer in the middle of the lateral horizontal long wing, a vehicle straight-going lane located on the right side of the lateral horizontal long wing, a left-turn vehicle looping-back lane of the elevated road layer at the end of the lateral horizontal long wing; the two main ramps of the elevated road layer comprising a first downward ramp and a second downward ramp; the first downward ramp configured for right-turn vehicles in the elevated road layer going to the ground floor, the said first downward ramp being located on the right side of the lateral horizontal long wing and connected downward to the ground floor, and a second downward ramp configured for left-turn vehicles in the elevated road layer going to the ground floor, the said second downward ramp being located on the left side of the lateral horizontal long wing connected downward to the ground floor; in the elevated road layer: a flow line of vehicles going straight in the elevated road layer is as follows: the two main ramps of the elevated road layer and the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the elevated road layer constitute a continuous road for vehicles passing straight; a flow line of vehicles turning right on the elevated road layer is as follows: the horizontal right-turn lane located in the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the elevated road layer on the straight bridge, and first downward ramp for right-turn vehicles in the elevated road layer going to the ground floor, constitute a continuous road for vehicles turning right; a flow line of vehicles turning left on the elevated road layer is as follows: the U-type successive connection of horizontal right-turn lane located in the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the elevated road layer on the straight bridge, vehicle straight-going lane on the lateral horizontal long wing of the elevated layer, left-turn vehicle looping-back lane on the elevated road layer, and second downward ramp configured for left-turn vehicles in the elevated road layer going to the ground floor, constitutes a continuous road for vehicles turning left.

3. The multi-story crossroad according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel layer comprises an intersection of a straight tunnel with two lateral horizontal long wings of the tunnel layer, the straight tunnel extending along the East-West direction and the lateral horizontal long wings of the tunnel layer extending along the South-North direction; wherein the straight tunnel specifically includes two-way main tunnel ramps extending along the East-West direction, an Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the tunnel layer, and a horizontal right-turn lane of the Extended area of the Intersection Core which is located at the right side of each main tunnel ramp; each lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer comprises a parking area in the middle of the lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer, a vehicle straight-going lane located on the right side of the lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer, a left-turn vehicle looping-back lane at the end of the lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer, an upward ramp which is located on the right side of the lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer for right-turn vehicles in the tunnel layer going to the ground floor, and a second upward ramp which is located on the left side of the lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer for left-turn vehicles in the tunnel layer going to the ground floor; in the tunnel layer: a flow line of vehicles going straight on tunnel layer is as follows: two two-way tunnel main ramps and the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the tunnel layer constitute a continuous road for vehicles passing straight; a flow line of vehicles turning right on tunnel layer is as follows: the horizontal right-turn lane located in the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the tunnel layer on the bottom of the straight tunnel, and upward ramp for right-turn vehicles in the tunnel layer going to the ground floor, constitute a continuous road for vehicles turning right; a flow line of vehicles turning left on tunnel layer is as follows: a U-type successive connection of the horizontal right-turn lane located in the Extended Area of the Intersection Core of the tunnel layer at an end of the straight tunnel, vehicle straight-going lane on the lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer, left-turn vehicle looping-back lane on the tunnel layer, and upward ramp for left-turn vehicles in the tunnel layer going to the ground floor, constitute a continuous road for vehicles turning left.

4. The multi-story crossroad according to claim 1, characterized in that a parking area beside a motorway of each lateral horizontal long wing of the elevated road layer is used for parking vehicles.

5. The multi-story crossroad according to claim 1, characterized in that a parking area beside a motorway of each lateral horizontal long wing of the tunnel layer is used for parking vehicles.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) 1. Perspective Views of the Present Invention;

(2) FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional and multi-story crossroad for intensive land use according to an embodiment of the present invention

(3) FIG. 2 is an enlarged part of structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional and multi-story crossroad for intensive land use according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of traffic Flow Line of a multifunctional and multi-story crossroad for intensive land use according to an embodiment of the present invention;

(5) 2. Plan Diagrams and Cross-Sectional Diagrams of the Present Invention.

(6) FIG. 4 Diagram of Turning Right and Looping Back

(7) The full line is the flow line on the elevated road and the dotted line is the flow line in the tunnel

(8) FIG. 5 Diagram of Flow Line of Vehicle

(9) The full line is the flow line on the elevated road and the dotted line is the flow line in the tunnel

(10) FIG. 6 Plan of Motorway Tunnel

(11) FIG. 7 Part of intersection of the ground floor Plan of Crossroad Community Center

(12) FIG. 8 Plan of Exclusive Bikeway Interlayer

(13) FIG. 9 Plan of Motorway Elevated Road

(14) FIG. 10 I-I Section

(15) FIG. 11 II-II Section

(16) FIG. 12 Section

(17) FIG. 13 IV-IV Section

(18) FIG. 14 V-V Section

(19) FIG. 15 VI-VI Section

(20) FIG. 16 VII-VII Section

(21) FIG. 17 VIII-VIII Section

(22) FIG. 18 IX-IX Section

(23) FIG. 19 X-X Section

(24) FIG. 20 Left Turn Loop 1 South.fwdarw.Turning left to the north.fwdarw.West gradients are not in proportion and just for demonstration purpose

(25) FIG. 21 Left Turn Loop 2 North.fwdarw.Turning left to the south.fwdarw.East gradients are not in proportion and just for demonstration purpose

(26) FIG. 22 Left Turn Loop 3 West.fwdarw.Turning left to east.fwdarw.North gradients are not in proportion and just for demonstration purpose

(27) FIG. 23 Left Turn Loop 4 East.fwdarw.Turning left to the west.fwdarw.South gradients are not in proportion and just for demonstration purpose

(28) FIG. 24 Adaptation of Elevated Bridge Schematic diagram of Extension of flat section Schematic diagram of left turn Curve (Applying at small crossroads)

(29) FIG. 25 Left turning lane lower vehicle speed guarantee the traffic flow ensure safety

(30) FIG. 26 One method of adding a lane Utilizing the space below returning ground floor ramp for vehicles turning left and traveling down to the ground in the elevated road layer, adding a lane to travel down to the tunnel;

(31) FIG. 27 Another method of adding a lane Utilizing the space above returning ground floor ramp for vehicles turning left and traveling up to the ground in the tunnel layer, adding a lane to travel up to the elevated road.

IN THE FIGURES

(32) Elevated road layer 100; Interlayer 200; Ground floor 300; Tunnel layer 400. 1. Flow line Go straight on elevated road 2. Flow line Turning right on elevated road 3. Flow line Turning left on elevated road 4. Flow line Elevated road and exit lane 5. Flow line Elevated road and vehicle turning direction in the exit lane 6. Flow line Elevated road and vehicle turning around in the exit lane 7. Flow line Go straight in tunnel 8. Flow line Turning right in tunnel 9. Flow line Turning left in tunnel 10. Flow line Tunnel and exit lane 11. Flow line Tunnel and vehicle turning direction in the exit lane 12. Flow line Tunnel and vehicle turning around in the exit lane 13. Alternative sites of mobile communication base station 14. Symmetrical points of the central plane of the crossroad 15. Separation point for turning left and right 16. Main ramp of tunnel 17. Upward ramp for right-turn vehicles in the tunnel layer returning to the ground floor 18. Upward ramp for left-turn vehicles in the tunnel layer returning to the ground floor 19. The area of bikes 20. Motorway 21. The parking area beside the lanes of the tunnel layer 22. Area for the second round of exploitation horizontal plane bottom elevation of tunnel 23. Left-turn vehicle looping-back lane of the tunnel layer 24. Bottom elevation of tunnel 25. Flat horizontal section for vehicle turning directions in tunnel and exit lane bottom elevation of tunnel Above which is the area of bikes 26. Lower ramp tunnel and exit lane for vehicle to drive to tunnel ahead of time upper ramp the ramp for vehicle turning left on elevated road and back to the ground 27. Tunnel and ramp for vehicle turning around in the exit lane and back to the ground 28. Ramp for vehicle turning right on elevated road and back to the ground 29. Ramp for vehicle turning left on elevated road and back to the ground 30. Bikeway on the ground 31. 0.000 32. Main ramp of elevated road 33. Area under elevated road, of which the height is lower than the standard of use 34. Ramp of bikeway 35. Sidewalk 36. Crossroad vehicle free space level with the sidewalk 37. sets of stairs above the ramp of tunnel 38. Exclusive bikeway interlayer 39. Upper ramp elevated road and exit lane for vehicles driving to the elevated road ahead of time lower ramp the ramp for vehicles turning left in the tunnel and back to the ground 40. A section of lane on the ground beside the main ramp of elevated road 41. Area for the second round of exploitation horizontal plane top elevation of elevated road 42. Elevated road and ramp for vehicle to turn around in exit lane and back to the ground 43. Elevated road and flat horizontal section for vehicle turning direction in the exit lane top elevation of elevated road below which is the area of bikes 44. The parking area beside the lanes of the elevated road layer 45. Top elevation of elevated road 46. Left-turn vehicle looping back lane of elevated road layer 47. Elevation of bikeway interlayer 48. Length-extensible section 49. Area of the main ramp of elevated road 50. Area of the minor ramp of elevated road 51. Area of the main ramp of tunnel 52. Area of the minor ramp of tunnel 53. Buffer area 54. Concentrate the traffic flow and pass through fast 55. Tentatively set at 20 m of length level with the lane 56. Ramp to the ground 57. Dimension of the front end of horizontal long wings reserving sufficient land for more lanes in accordance with the circumstances 58. Upslope 59. Downslope 60. Horizontal right-turn lane of the extended area of intersection core 61. Straight-going lane on the horizontal Long wing H. Tunnel D. Ground T. Elevated road E. East W. West S. South N. North

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(33) The technical solutions of the embodiment will be described in a clearly and fully understandable way in connection with the drawings related to the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are just a part but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments herein, those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiment(s), without any inventive work, which should be within the scope of the present invention.

(34) 1. Annotations of figures The figure is symmetrical. The symmetry point is the central point of the crossroad in (14) of FIG. 9. The height, width and gradient can be determined according to the circumstances. The area of parking lot or other items can be determined according to the circumstances. Municipal pipelines can be well arranged. The design can be altered in countries where drivers sit on the right. The height scales in the figures are altered for the sake of clarity. The gradient is not exact.

(35) 2. Assumed parameters of the figures (can be altered according to the circumstances) The two intersecting roads are all with five lanes in both directions. The bottom elevation of the tunnel is 6.000 m. The elevation of the ground road is 0.000, the elevation of the space of the intersection is level with the sidewalk, indicated with bold lines; The elevation of the bikeway interlayer is +4.000 m. The top elevation of the elevated road is +8.000 m. The gradient of the motorway ramp is 5% (can be altered according to the circumstances) The gradient of the bikeway ramp is 2.5%. The distance between the ends of the ramps of the elevated road, tunnel and bikeway at the crossroad and the outer edge of the core of the crossroad is 20 m.as an example, the two intersectant roads are bidirectional 5 lanes, and the vehicle's road is 35 meters wide, and the total width of the road is 41 meters after the bikeway is added. The term crossing core refers to 4141 square meters, and after each of the sides is expanded for 20 meters, the 4141+41204 square meters is named Extended Area of the Intersection Core. There is a flat section of 20 m on the ground between the two ramps of the left-turning lane. The length can be altered according to different separation distance of the crossroad.

(36) 3. The issue of road width. The ramp to the ground will take up the land of the motorway. It will increase pressure on the flow of vehicles drive into the crossroad.

(37) Therefore a road with five or more lanes in both directions won't be faced with such problem. The Add a Lane could be employed if the traffic flow is unbalanced.

(38) It is not recommended to employ the multifunctional and multi-story crossroad on roads with two lanes in both directions. The plan of the crossroad of a main road and a minor road is to prohibit vehicles from turning left for the second time, and to employ the Add a Lane, as well as other measures, according to the circumstances.

(39) On roads with three or four lanes in both directions, the prohibition of turning left for the second time, the Add a Lane, and other measures can be employed if necessary.

(40) Other modifications could be made according to the circumstances with the principle of saving space.

(41) 4. The solutions to inadequacy of road width Circuitous Method. In the standard plan, the main ramps (16) or (32) and the minor ramps (29) or (18) are arranged in a line. In an altered plan, the main ramps and the minor ramps (29) or (18) are designed to form an angle, e.g., an angle of 90 degree. A left-turning vehicle loops in neighboring road and drives to the ground, then turns right to the main ramps (16) or (32) of dypass. (See FIG. 24). Stretch Method. This method opens up the distance between the main ramps (16) or (32) and minor ramps (29) or (18). (See FIG. 48) The minor ramp is set between the first and the second crossroads. The disadvantage is that vehicles driving back to the ground have to go through a crossroad with traffic light in the neighboring crossroad. Encroachment Method. To follow the standard plan except to alter the minor crossroad to an incomplete traffic crossroad. Other modifications made by professionals.

(42) 5. The small radius of the loop for left-turning vehicle affects the traffic flow and lowers speeds. It may cause a potential safety hazard when the volume of traffic is saturated.

(43) Solution: To take advantage of the large area of horizontal long wing and add lanes, lower speed, maintain traffic flow and ensure safety. The left-turning vehicle flow turns right into two lanes and lowers speed, then turns left for the first time to four or six lanes at the front end of the horizontal long wing and stops to queue up. After that it turns left for the second time to one lane or two lanes to pass through fast.

(44) See FIG. 25

(45) Sufficient land can be reserved in the front area of the horizontal long wing for adding lanes or parking vehicles.

(46) Navigation indicators can be set on the cross-bars above road. And electronic polices can be placed to direct the traffic flow.

(47) The road can be coated with material of high friction. To counteract some of the centrifugal force of vehicles turning round, the outer side of the direction turning lane can be specially built higher than the inner side.

(48) 6. Modifications and adaptations can be made at T-junctions and crossroads of more than two roads. Traffic lights can be set on the multi-functional floor. Modifications can be made in countries where drivers sit on the right.

(49) 7. The crossroad may be extended wider to take up the area above the sidewalk, to add a story upward or downward, or to connect the underground street.

(50) 8. The ramp can be a shortcoming of this invention and requires further studies. The selection of gradient can be deeply researched. The waterproof measures of the tunnel can be studied and improved. Skid resistance research of ramps can be carried out in bitter cold cities.

(51) 9. The contradiction between the municipal pipelines underground and the crossroad can be an important issue. Experience can be drawn from the constructions of metros and tunnels. However, for this design, the pipelines can be moved away from the main roads; the underground space below the sidewalk and bikeway could be used to accommodate pipelines; the structural layers of tunnel and elevated road can be added to higher than 1.5 m to be threaded through by pipelines; and the heavy caliber rain pipes, sewage pipes, large-scale emergency sewage reservoirs and other major pipelines could be laid deeper than the tunnel. In summary, solutions can be carefully studied and made by related professionals.

(52) 10. The perfect implementation of the design needs a strong spirit of teamwork. One of the structural concepts is that the columns of the primary structure are placed to the side, and the steel-structured bikeway interlayer is suspended on the elevated road, in order to make a large space without or with few columns for the crossroad community center.

(53) 11. Considerations about bikes: The choice could be made by cyclists themselves whether to ride bikes or mopeds. The bike manufacturers will research and develop labor-saving and secure bikes to meet the requirements of the market if roads are rugged and to ensure safety when going up or down the slopes.

(54) 12. Other innovative technologies can be employed, for example, air quality physical cleaning and aeration techniques, sequestration of automobile exhaust, fence of liana, and spray cleaning. The matching techniques are still needed.