FLUXANT AGENTS FOR HYDROCARBON BINDERS

Abstract

The invention concerns the use as a fluxant agent of at least one compound with the formula (I)

R.sup.1XRYR.sup.2(I) where: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be identical or different, are hydrocarbon chains, linear or branched, at C.sub.2-C.sub.11; each of X and Y, which can be identical or different, is an O(CO) group; (CO)O; NR(CO), where R represents a hydrocarbon atom or an alkyl radical at C.sub.1-C.sub.4, or (CO)NR, where R represents a hydrocarbon atom or an alkyl radical at C.sub.1-C.sub.4, the R group is a divalent hydrocarbon chain, at C.sub.1-C.sub.10, linear or branched, and possibly interrupted by one or more oxygen atom(s)
in a composition including a hydrocarbon binder for the preparation of the bituminous product based on solid mineral particles in contact with the said hydrocarbon binder, where the said compound of formula (I) is present in the said composition when the said composition is brought into contact with the said solid mineral particles.

Claims

1. Method for preparing a bituminous product based on solid mineral particles in contact with a hydrocarbon binder, comprising a step of contacting a composition with solid mineral particles, said composition including a hydrocarbon binder, wherein at least one compound with the formula (I)
R.sup.1XRYR.sup.2(I) where: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be identical or different, are hydrocarbon chains, linear or branched, at C.sub.2-C.sub.11; each of X and Y, which can be identical or different, is an O(CO) group; (CO)O; NR(CO), where R represents a hydrocarbon atom or an alkyl radical at C.sub.1-C.sub.4, or (CO)NR, where R represents a hydrocarbon atom or an alkyl radical at C.sub.1-C.sub.4, the R group is a divalent hydrocarbon chain, at C.sub.1-C.sub.10, linear or branched, and possibly interrupted by one or more oxygen atom(s) is added as a fluxant agent to said composition before, at the same time as or after the step of contacting the composition with the solid mineral particles, said step being achieved before complete evaporation of the compound of formula (I) outside the composition.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is added to the composition including the hydrocarbon binder according to one and/or other of the following 3 compatible variants: i. variant 1: the compound of formula (I) is added at least partly (if variant 2 and/or 3 is also used), or wholly (otherwise), to the composition including the hydrocarbon binder; the composition including the compound of formula (I) is then brought into contact with the solid mineral particles before complete evaporation of the compound of formula (I) outside the composition (in other words the said compound of formula (I) is still present, at least in part, in the composition when it is brought into contact with the solid mineral particles, preferably in a sufficient quantity in the composition for it to act as a fluxant); and/or ii. variant 2: the compound of formula (I) is added at least in part (if variant 1 and/or 3 is also used), or wholly (otherwise), at the same time as the solid mineral particles, to the composition including the hydrocarbon binder; and/or iii. variant 3: the compound of formula (I) is added at least in part (if variant 1 and/or 2 is also used), or wholly (otherwise), to a pre-blend containing the solid mineral particles, and the composition including the hydrocarbon binder.

3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the composition also includes a compound satisfying formula (II)
R.sup.1XRYR.sup.2(II) where: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be identical or different, are hydrocarbon chains, linear or branched, at C.sub.1-C.sub.11; and where at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 is a methyl radical X and Y, R are as defined for formula (I) in claim 1.

4. Method according claim 1, wherein the bituminous product is a surface dressing.

5. Method according to claim 4, wherein in formula (I): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical, and each is chosen from among the ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl and 2-propylhexyl groups; R is a radical of formula (CH.sub.2).sub.r, where r is an average number of between 2 and 4 inclusive.

6. Method according to claim 1, wherein that the bituminous product is a bituminous concrete with emulsion.

7. Method according to claim 6, wherein in formula (I): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical, and each is chosen from among the ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl and 2-propylhexyl groups; R is a radical of formula (CH.sub.2).sub.r, where r is an average number of between 2 and 4 inclusive.

8. Method according to claim 6, wherein the composition also includes a compound of formula (II).

9. Method according to claim 7, wherein the composition also includes a compound of formula (II).

10. Method according to claim 6, wherein the hydrocarbon binder includes 1 to 25% by weight of the said compound of formula (I), relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder and, if applicable, 0.1 to 5% by weight of the said compound of formula (II), relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder.

11. Method according to claim 1, wherein the bituminous product is a hot mix or warm mix.

12. Method according to claim 11, wherein in formula (I) R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical, and each is chosen from among the ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl and 2-propylhexyl groups; R is a radical of formula (CH.sub.2).sub.r, where r is an average number of between 2 and 4 inclusive.

13. Method according to claim 11, wherein the hydrocarbon binder includes 1 to 30% by weight of the said compound of formula (I), compared to the total weight of the hydrocarbon binder.

14. Method according to claim 1, wherein the bituminous product is a storable asphalt mix.

15. Method according to claim 1, wherein the bituminous product is a cold mix bituminous material.

16. Method according to claim 5, wherein in formula (I), X and Y are esters of diacids (X=O(CO); and Y=(CO)O) or esters of diols (X=(CO)O and Y=O(CO)).

17. Method according to claim 7, wherein in formula (I), X and Y are esters of diacids (X=O(CO); and Y=(CO)O) or esters of diols (X=(CO)O and Y=O(CO)).

18. Method according to claim 8, wherein in a compound of formula (II): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical and are each methyl; R is a radical of formula (CH.sub.2).sub.r, where r is an average number of between 2 and 4 inclusive.

19. Method according to claim 18, wherein in formula (II), X and Y are esters of diacids (X=O(CO); and Y=(CO)O) or esters of diols (X=(CO)O and Y=O(CO)).

20. Method according to claim 9, wherein in a compound of formula (II): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical and are each methyl; group R is chosen from among the following groups: group R.sub.MG of formula CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, group R.sub.ES of formula CH(C.sub.2H.sub.5)CH.sub.2, and their blends.

21. Method according to claim 20, wherein in formula (II), X and Y are esters of diacids (X=O(CO); and Y=(CO)O) or esters of diols (X=(CO)O and Y=O(CO)).

22. Method according to claim 12, wherein in formula (II), X and Y are esters of diacids (X=O(CO); and Y=(CO)O) or esters of diols (X=(CO)O and Y=O(CO)).

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0354] FIG. 1: mass percentage of loss of volatile compound (Rhodiasolv RPDE (continuous line), Rhodiasolv DIB (dotted line), INNROAD Protect (alternating dots and dashes) and Greenflux SD (discontinuous linedashes)) as a function of time at 85 C. in the binder of example 1

[0355] FIG. 2: mass percentage of loss of volatile compound (Rhodiasolv RPDE (continuous line), Rhodiasolv DIB (dotted line) and Greenflux SD (discontinuous linedashes)) as a function of time at 85 C. in the binder of example 2

[0356] FIG. 3: mass percentage of loss of volatile compound (Rhodiasolv DIB (dotted line) and Rhodiasolv IRIS (discontinuous linedashes/points)) as a function of time at 85 C. in the binder of example 3

EXAMPLE 1: FLUXED BINDERS FOR SURFACE DRESSINGS

[0357] The following binders are prepared:

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 T0 C1 C2 L1 L2 L3 L4 bitumen Supplier ESSO Grade 70/100 fluxant Name Petroleum (1) RPDE DIB INNROAD DIP DIA Protect Content (% by 0 6.2 4.5 6.2 5 6 6.5 weight relative to the weight of the binder) Adhesion Name Impact 9000 (2) dope Content (% by 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 weight relative to the weight of the binder) (1) Greenflux SD sold by TOTAL (2) fatty tallol amides, N-[(dimethylamino)-3propyl] sold by INGEVITY

[0358] Binder T0 is a non-fluxed binder, which is used as a control enabling the properties of the binder according to the invention to be compared to the binder without addition of compound according to the invention. Binders C1 and C2 are fluxed binders, which are used as comparative examples. Binders L1 and L2, L3, and L4 are binders according to the invention.

[0359] The properties of the binders before/after stabilisation and the results of the adhesiveness of the binders to the aggregates are given in the following table:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 T0 C1 C2 L1 L2 L3 L4 Before stabilisation STV pseudo-viscosity 40 C., 10 mm, s 440 484 459 468 483 502 Penetrability at 25 C., 1/10 mm 78 Ball-Ring Temperature, C. 46.2 After stabilisation Mass loss after stabilisation 3.0% 3.9% 4.9% 4.4% Penetrability at 25 C., 1/10 mm 124 62 92 66 Ball-Ring Temperature, C. 43.0 51.0 45.4 47.6 Adhesiveness to the Vialit plate 5 C. + viadop PX10051 40 g/m.sup.2 Aggregates 6/10 La Meilleraie - washed and dried Fallen and not marked 7 8 5 0 Fallen and marked 39 90 42 50 Bonded to the plate 54 2 53 50

[0360] Stabilisation of the fluxed bitumens is accomplished according to the protocol described in standard NF EN 13074 1.2 (April 2011). All the tests are conducted according to the protocol described in the standards cited in reference, and explained above.

[0361] It is observed that the binders according to the invention enable satisfactory results to be obtained in terms of adhesiveness and fluxing (observed through the viscosity).

[0362] In addition, the binders according to the invention recover their properties before fluxing, observed through penetrability and the ball-ring temperature.

[0363] These results show that the binders according to the invention enable hard surface dressings to be obtained in a short time, allowing fast re-opening to traffic.

[0364] As a comparison, it should be noted that Rhodiasolv RPDE, which does not satisfy formula (I), although it is a volatile compound, does not enable satisfactory adhesiveness to be obtained. Indeed, only 2% of the aggregates remain bonded to the plate. Binder C2 does not have a consistency enabling it to wet the aggregates satisfactorily.

[0365] The evaporation curves (mass loss of fluxant as a function of time) for binders C1, C2, L1 and L2 without stabilisation are reproduced in FIG. 1. It is observed that the evaporation kinetics of binders C1 and L1 are similar, whereas in binder C2 the fluxant has evaporated very rapidly. Binder L2 has an evaporation profile which is intermediate between those of binders C1 and C2.

EXAMPLE 2: FLUXED POLYMER BINDERS FOR SURFACE DRESSINGS

[0366] The following binders are prepared:

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 C3 C4 L5 Polymer Supplier Eurovia (1) bitumen Grade 50/70 bitumen including 3% by weight, relative to the total weight, of linear SBS polymer, cross-linked by sulphur fluxant Name Petroleum RPDE DIB (2) Content (% by weight 15.0 12.0 13.5 relative to the weight of the binder) Adhesion Name Impact 9000 (3) dope Content (% by weight 0.3 0.3 0.3 relative to the weight of the binder) (1) this binder has a cohesion greater than or equal to 1.3 J/cm.sup.2, as measured according to standard NF EN 13588 of July 2008 after stabilisation according to standards NF EN 13074-1 and 13074-2 (2) Greenflux SD sold by TOTAL (3) fatty tallol amides, N-[(dimethylamino)-3propyl] sold by INGEVITY

[0367] Binders C3 and C4 are fluxed polymer binders, which are used as comparative examples. Binder L5 is a binder according to the invention.

[0368] The properties of the binders before/after stabilisation are given in the following table:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Specifications (EN 15332, C3 C4 L6 August 2013) Before stabilisation STV pseudo-viscosity 83 82 84 50 C., 10 mm, s After stabilisation Mass loss after stabilisation 11.0% 11.1% 10.2% Penetrability at 114 46 119 120 25 C., 1/10 mm Ball-Ring Temperature, 51.2 60.8 49.5 49 C. FRAASS brittle point, C. 18 15

[0369] Stabilisation of the fluxed bitumens is accomplished according to the protocol described in standard NF EN 13074 1.2 (April 2011). All the tests are conducted according to the protocol described in the standards cited in reference, and explained above.

[0370] It is observed that even for highly modified binders the evaporation of the fluxant is suitable, and enables stabilised binders satisfying the specifications according to standard EN 15322 of August 2013 to be obtained.

[0371] The evaporation curves (mass loss of fluxant as a function of time) for binders C3, C4, and L3 without stabilisation are reproduced in FIG. 2. It is observed that the evaporation kinetics of binders C3 and L3 are similar whereas in binder C4 the fluxant has evaporated very rapidly.

EXAMPLE 3: FLUXED POLYMER BINDERS FOR SURFACE DRESSINGS

[0372] The following binders are prepared:

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 C5 L6 bitumen Supplier Eurovia (1) Grade 70/100 bitumen including 3% by weight, relative to the total weight, of linear SBS polymer, cross-linked by sulphur fluxant Name IRIS DIB Content (% by weight 7.0 8.02 relative to the weight of the binder) Adhesion Name Impact 9000 (1) dope Content (% by weight 0.3 0.3 relative to the weight of the binder) (1) this binder has a cohesion greater than or equal to 1 J/cm.sup.2, as measured according to standard NF EN 13588 of July 2008 after stabilisation according to standards NF EN 13074-1 and 13074-2 (2) fatty tallol amides, N-[(dimethylamino)-3propyl] sold by INGEVITY

[0373] Binder C5 is a fluxed polymer binder which is used as a comparative example. Binder L6 is a binder according to the invention.

[0374] The properties of the binders before/after stabilisations and the results of the binders' adhesiveness to the aggregates are given in the following tale:

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Specifications EN 15322, C5 L6 August 2013 Before stabilisation STV pseudo-viscosity 379 367 250-500 40 C., 10 mm, s After stabilisation Mass loss after stabilisation 5.8% 5.9% Penetrability at 62 84 150 25 C., 1/10 mm Ball-Ring Temperature, 50.4 48.4 43 C. FRAASS brittle point, C. 13 15 14 (specific specifications) Adhesiveness to the Vialit plate 5 C. + viadop PX10051 40 g/m.sup.2 6/10 ESCHAU aggregates - washed and dried Fallen and not marked 63 11 Fallen and marked 37 20 Bonded to the plate 0 69

[0375] Stabilisation of the fluxed bitumens is accomplished according to the protocol described in standard NF EN 13074 1.2 (April 2011). All the tests are conducted according to the protocol described in the standards cited in reference, and explained above.

[0376] It is observed that the binder according to the invention enables satisfactory results to be obtained in terms of adhesiveness and fluxing (observed through the viscosity). In addition the binder according to the invention has penetrability, ball-ring temperature and FRAASS brittle point properties in accordance with the specifications. These results show that the binder modified according to the invention enables hard surface dressings to be obtained in short times, allowing fast re-opening to traffic.

[0377] As comparison, it should be noted that Rhodiasolv IRIS, which does not satisfy formula (I), although this is a volatile compound, does not enable satisfactory adhesiveness to be obtained. Indeed, no aggregates remain bonded to the plate and 63% of the aggregates fall without being marked. Binder C5 does not have a consistency enabling it to wet the aggregates satisfactorily. However, if the evaporation curves are compared for C5 and L6, the IRIS and DIB compounds have similar properties (FIG. 3). These results show that the evaporation curve of the compounds in the bitumen is not the only parameter enabling a fluxant to be chosen which allows the goals of the invention to be attained.

EXAMPLE 4: EMULSIFIED FLUXED POLYMER BINDERS FOR SURFACE DRESSINGS

[0378] The following binders are prepared:

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 C6 L7 L8 Polymer Supplier Eurovia (1) bitumen Grade 70/100 bitumen including 2.6% by weight, relative to the total weight, of linear SBS polymer, cross-linked by sulphur fluxant Name Petroleum DIB Innroad (2) Protect Content (% by weight 5.4 5.4 5.4 relative to the weight of the binder) (1) this binder has a cohesion greater than or equal to 1.3 J/cm.sup.2, as measured according to standard NF EN 13588 of July 2008 after stabilisation according to standards NF EN 13074-1 and 13074-2 (2) Greenflux SD sold by TOTAL

[0379] Binder C5 is a fluxed polymer binder which is used as a comparative example. Binders L7 and L8 are binders according to the invention.

[0380] The properties of the binders before stabilisation are given in the following table:

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 C6 L7 L8 dynamic viscosity, mPa .Math. s (NF EN 13302) 100 C. 2023 1962 1470 120 C. 641 635 500 140 C. 271 219 49.5 160 C. 135 132 117

[0381] Binders L7 and L8 have a viscosity comparable to that of the reference binder, C6.

[0382] These binders C6, L7 and L8 were emulsified using the same emulsification method, with the same surfactant (HCl/amine). Cationic emulsions are manufactured.

[0383] The properties of the binder emulsions are given in the following table:

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Emulsion based Emulsion based Emulsion based on C6 on L8 on L9 Pseudo-viscosity (NF EN 12846-1) STV 40 C., 13 11 12 4 mm, s STV 40 C., 160 117 134 2 mm, s Homogeneity by sieving (NF EN 1429) Non-passing at 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.500 mm Non-passing at 0.28 0.19 0.18 0.160 mm Storage stability by sieving (NF EN 1429) N (days) 7 7 7 LASER granulometry (Malvern): MEI Median diameter 2.98 2.86 2.70 (m) Dynamic viscosity (NF EN 13302) A 40 C. (mPa .Math. s) 2 s.sup.1 6.0% 2 s.sup.1 4.4% 2 s.sup.1 5.1% 300 mPa .Math. s 220 mPa .Math. s 255 mPa .Math. s 20.4 s.sup.1 45.4% 20.4 s.sup.1 34.3% 20.4 s.sup.1 38.9% 226 mPa .Math. s 171 mPa .Math. s 194 mPa .Math. s 34 s.sup.1 69.7% 34 s.sup.1 53.2% 34 s.sup.1 60.1% 210 mPa .Math. s 160 mPa .Math. s 180 mPa .Math. s Breaking index (NF EN 13075-1) Sikasol 47 34 51 Forshammer 66 48 71 Settling (NF EN 12847) 7 days, 25 C. 0.4 1.1 0.6

[0384] The properties of the emulsions are compliant with the expected specifications. The properties of the emulsions with binders L7 and L8 are comparable to those observed for the emulsion with binder C6.

[0385] For each of these emulsions the adhesiveness was determined by a water immersion test according to standard NF EN 13614 (June 2011) with 6/10 DUSSAC aggregates (200 g washed and dried). The results are given in the following table:

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Emulsion Emulsion Emulsion based on C6 based on L7 based on L8 Aggregate 6/10 DUSSAC washed/dried Mineralogical nature Diorite Residual aggregate/binder 200/10 200/10 200/10 mass ratio Coating Good Good Good Rating (% of covering) 90 90 90

[0386] A satisfactory coating (90% of surface covered after immersion in water) was obtained with 10 g of residual binder for each of the emulsions.

[0387] The emulsions were stabilised according to the protocol described in the introduction. The results are given in the following table:

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Emulsion Emulsion Emulsion based based based on C6 on L7 on L8 Specifications Penetrability at 58 64 41 <100 25 C. (1/10 mm) Ball-ring temper- 56.8 55.2 59.8 50 ature ( C.)

[0388] The properties of the stabilised emulsions show a slightly lower evaporation of the DIB compared to the petroleum fluxant and a faster evaporation of the Innroad Protect compared to the petroleum fluxant. The presence of residual DIB is observed in binder L7.

EXAMPLE 5: BITUMINOUS CONCRETES WITH EMULSION

[0389] Bituminous concretes with emulsion are prepared with the following formulae:

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 BBE I1 BBE I2 BBE I3 BBE C1 BBE C2 BBE C3 Solid 0/4 Uzerche aggregates mineral 4/6.3 Pagnac fraction 6/10 Pagnac pre-lacquered with 1.8 pph of emulsion Added 7.1 pph emulsion Fluxant - 0.3 pph 0 content Fluxant - DIB 80/20 Innroad Oleoflux Greenflux nature blend by Protect SD weight of DIB/RPDE Theoretical 5.0 pph 5.0 pph 5.0 pph 5.3 pph 5.0 pph 5.0 pph residual anhydrous binder content

[0390] pph means parts per hundred by weight compared to the weight of the solid mineral fraction.

[0391] The pre-lacquering or contributed emulsion is in both cases a cationic emulsion. In both cases bitumen emulsions are used including a 70/100 bitumen as a binder. In both cases bitumen emulsions are used with a binder content of 65% by weight, compared to the total weight of the emulsion.

[0392] The fluxant is introduced by spraying at the end of the mixing.

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 BBE BBE BBE BBE BBE I4 I5 C4 C5 C6 Solid 0/2 Dussac + 2/6 Dussac + mineral 6/10 Dussac fraction Added 7.7 pph emulsion Fluxant - 0.3 pph 0 content Fluxant - DIB INNROAD Oloflux Greenflux nature Protect SD Theoretical 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.0 residual pph pph pph pph pph anhydrous binder content

[0393] pph means parts per hundred by weight compared to the weight of the solid mineral fraction.

[0394] The pre-lacquering or contributed emulsion is in both cases a cationic emulsion. In both cases bitumen emulsions are used including a 70/100 bitumen as a binder. In both cases bitumen emulsions are used with a binder content of 65% by weight, compared to the total weight of the emulsion.

[0395] The fluxant is introduced by spraying at the end of the mixing.

[0396] In the case of the Uzerche-Pagnac formulae, the compactability (PCG), the modulus and the workability of these bituminous concretes with emulsion are evaluated. The results for the Uzerche-Pagnac formulae are given in the following tables:

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 PCG % of voids as a function of a number of gyrations 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 150 200 BBE I1 23.3 20.0 18.2 17.0 16.1 15.3 14.2 13.4 12.7 11.7 10.9 10.3 9.5 8.6 BBE I2 24.9 21.7 19.9 18.7 17.8 17 16 15.1 14.4 13.4 12.6 12 11.2 10.3 BBE I3 23.9 20.7 19 17.8 16.8 16.1 15 14.1 13.4 12.4 11.6 11 10.3 9.4 BBE C1 23.7 20.5 18.6 17.4 16.5 15.8 14.6 13.7 13.0 12.0 11.2 10.6 9.8 8.8 BBE C2 24.1 21.2 19.1 17.9 17 16.3 15.2 14.3 13.7 12.6 11.9 11.3 10.6 9.7 BBE C3 27.1 23.8 21.9 20.7 19.8 19.1 18 17.1 16.5 15.5 14.7 14.1 13.4 12.5

[0397] The compactability results demonstrate the ability of compound (I), alone or in combination with compounds (II), to improve the compacting of the bituminous concrete with emulsion, and to reduce the void content relative to the same formula without fluxant (BBE C3).

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Changes of the Modulus (MPa) 10 C. 124 ms conservation 35 C. 20% RH % of voids 3 days 7 days 14 days 21 days (gamma bench) BBE I1 1039 1375 1402 1533 15 1 BBE I2 1078 1337 1341 1554 15 1 BBE I3 1185 1378 2179 15 1 BBE C1 252 455 491 578 15 1 BBE C2 820 1109 1313 1463 15 1

[0398] Compound (I), alone or in combination with compound (II), allows a satisfactory increase of consistency of the bituminous concrete with emulsion compared in particular to reference formula BBE C1. It should be noted in particular that INNROAD Protect gives the best results.

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Workability (N) after 4 hours BBE I1 332 BBE I2 247 BBE I3 336 BBE C1 272 BBE C2 233 BBE C3 187

[0399] Compound (I), alone or in combination with compound (II), enables an acceptable workability value to be maintained

[0400] In the case of the Dussac formulae, the compactability (PCG) and workability of these bituminous concretes with emulsion are evaluated.

[0401] The results for the Dussac formulae are given in the following tables:

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 PCG % of voids as a function of the number of gyrations 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 150 200 BBE I4 27.0 24.0 22.4 21.2 20.4 19.7 18.7 18.0 17.4 16.6 15.9 15.4 14.8 14.1 BBE I5 26.3 23.2 21.5 20.4 19.5 18.8 17.8 17.1 16.5 15.6 15.0 14.5 13.9 13.2 BBE C4 25.9 22.8 21.1 20.0 19.1 18.4 17.5 16.7 16.1 15.3 14.6 14.1 13.6 12.9 BBE C5 26.3 23.5 21.8 20.8 19.9 19.3 18.4 17.7 17.1 16.3 15.7 15.2 14.6 14.0 BBE C6 27.6 24.7 23.1 21.9 21.1 20.5 19.4 18.7 18.1 17.3 16.6 16.1 15.5 14.8

[0402] The compactability results demonstrate the ability of compound (I) to improve the compacting of the bituminous concrete with emulsion, and to reduce the void content relative to the same formula without fluxant (BBE C6).

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Workability (N) after 4 hours BBE I4 344 BBE I5 175 BBE C4 241 BBE C5 406 BBE C6 641

[0403] Compound (I) enables the workability of the bituminous concretes with emulsion to be improved relative to the reference solutions.

EXAMPLE 6: COLD MIX BITUMINOUS MATERIALS (MBCF)

[0404] When a 50/70 bitumen grade is used for the formulation of MBCF, the bitumen should be fluxed slightly at the start and late in season, in order to facilitate the cohesion increase of the MBCF at low temperatures. The table below shows the penetrability and ball-ring temperature variations as a function of the fluxant concentration:

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 99.5% 99.2% 99% 98.5% 50/70 + 50/70 + 99% 50/70 + 50/70 + 50/70 + 0.5% 0.8% 1% 1% 1.5% 50/70 70/100 INNROAD INNROAD INNROAD Greenflux Greenflux bitumen bitumen protect protect protect SD SD Penetrability 52 80 66 76 83 73 86 at 25 C. in 1/10 mm NF EN 1426 Ball-Ring 50.0 45.6 48.4 47.6 46.6 47.6 46.0 temperature, C. NF EN 1427

[0405] The percentages are weight percentages.

[0406] Compound (I) enables a change of grade of the bitumen to a lower concentration than the reference fluxant to be guaranteed.