Equipment for Testing a Calibrated Gas Leak on a Tyre Valve, Plug for Such Equipment, and Associated Method for Controlling Leak Detection

Abstract

The invention relates to equipment, devices and methods for testing a calibrated leak or passage of pressurized gas from a tire. In one example, a test plug including a calibrated cross section orifice and a predetermined gas flow rate is connected to a tire. The test plug applies a pressure opening the tire valve member to release gas from the tire through the test plug. In one example, a TPMS sensor and a TPMS measurement tool are used to measure the decrease of air pressure in the tire through the test plug and determine if the TPMS sensor is operating properly. In one example, a plurality of test plugs with different gas flow rates are provided. A method for testing the calibrated leak using the test plug is further disclosed.

Claims

1. Equipment for use in testing a calibrated leak of gas out of a tyre comprising: a means for causing a leak of pressurized gas out of a tyre including a test plug comprising: a calibrated leak operable to be removably connected onto a valve of said tyre; a means for applying a pressure force on the valve member of the valve operable to open the valve allowing the pressurized gas to leak out of said tyre through the valve and the test plug; and an orifice having a calibrated cross-section; and a means for detecting said gas leak.

2. The equipment according to claim 1 wherein said means for detecting said gas leak comprises a measurement device operable to measure a change in a pressure of the pressurized gas in the tyre passing through the calibrated cross-section orifice.

3. The equipment according to claim 2 wherein said means for detecting said gas leak further comprises a tire pressure management system (TPMS) sensor mounted in said tyre in communication with the pressurized gas.

4. The equipment according to claim 3, wherein the TPMS sensor further comprises a device operable to communicate by radio frequency with the measurement device.

5. The equipment according to claim 3 wherein the test plug comprises a set of a plurality of test plugs each of the plurality of test plugs having a different calibrated leak; and measurement device further comprises selectable measurement means adapted to each of said plurality of test plugs.

6. The equipment according to claim 2 wherein the measuring device comprises means for storing and returning the test results, said means operable to be adjusted according to the calibrated leak of the particular test plug connected to the valve.

7. The equipment of claim 2 wherein the test plug is a disposable element operable to be thrown away after a predetermined number of uses.

8. A test plug for use in testing a calibrated leak of pressurized gas from a vehicle gas pressurized tire, the testing plug comprising: a test support comprising a body having a top surface, a bottom surface, the body further having a first inner wall and a first shoulder defining a top orifice open to the top surface and having a first diameter, the bottom surface defining a bottom orifice open to the bottom surface and having a second diameter smaller than the top orifice first diameter, the bottom orifice in communication with the top orifice; a head comprising: a first portion having a bottom end; a second portion axially extending from the first portion having a top end opposite the first portion bottom end, the first portion and the second portion defining an axial interior chamber axially extending through the first portion and at least a portion of the second portion, the interior chamber open through the first portion bottom end; the test plug further defining an orifice having a calibrated cross-section operable to allow a predetermined flow rate of pressurized gas flow through the calibrated cross-section orifice, the head positioned in the test support top orifice whereby the head first portion bottom end abuttingly engages the test support first shoulder thereby placing the calibrated cross-section orifice in communication with head interior chamber and the test support bottom orifice, wherein on engagement of the test support body with a tire valve the head second portion top end applies a pressure force to a valve member thereby releasing pressurized gas from the tire through the test plug calibrated cross-section orifice.

9. The test plug of claim 8 further comprising an element connected to the head first portion bottom end, the element defining the calibrated cross-section orifice.

10. The test plug according to claim 9 wherein said calibrated cross-section orifice comprises a pierced orifice in the element operable to allow primarily a calibrated laminar flow.

11. The test plug according to claim 9 wherein said element comprises a sintered membrane defining the calibrated cross-section orifice.

12. The test plug of claim 8 wherein the head second portion further defines a second orifice positioned transverse to and in communication with the interior chamber, wherein the released pressurized gas passes through the second orifice before entering the interior chamber.

13. The test plug of claim 12 wherein the second orifice comprises a two second orifices positioned diametrically opposed to one another.

14. The test plug according to claim 8 further comprising a seal positioned between the test support and the head.

15. The test plug according to claim 14 wherein the head second portion further defines a concave constriction extending circumferentially about the head second portion, and the seal comprises an O-ring positioned in the constriction, wherein on installation of the head into the test support, the O-ring sealingly engages the head second portion with test support first inner wall preventing passage of gas by the O-ring.

16. The test plug of claim 8 wherein the test support further comprises a second inner wall defining a middle orifice having a second diameter smaller than the top orifice first diameter, the middle orifice defining the test support first shoulder, the middle orifice in communication with the top orifice and the bottom orifice, wherein the head second position is positioned in the middle orifice and the head second portion axially extends into the test support top orifice thereby positioning head second portion end axially below the test support top surface.

17. The test plug of claim 16 wherein the test support first inner wall defines machine threads operable to threadingly engage the tire valve thereby placing the head second portion end in abutting engagement with the valve member.

18. The test plug according to claim 8 further comprising a removable seal operable to protect the calibrated cross-section orifice and to be removed before the installation of the plug on the valve.

19. A method for testing a calibrated leak of pressurized gas from a tire, the method comprising the steps of: engaging a test plug with a tire valve, the test plug having a calibrated cross-section orifice defining a predetermined gas flow rate through the test plug; applying a pressure force to a tire valve member by the testing plug to release a pressurized gas from an interior of a tire; releasing a portion of the pressurized gas from the interior of the tire through the test plug calibrated cross-section orifice; and measuring a change in gas pressure in the interior of the tire as a result of the released gas through the test plug.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the step of measuring a change in gas pressure in the interior of the tire further comprises the steps of: measuring the change in gas pressure by a tire pressure management system (TPMS) sensor installed in the tire in communication with the interior of the tire.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will be clear from the following description, given as a non-limiting example, and made in reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates equipment for testing a tyre provided with a valve comprising a plug according to an example of an embodiment of the invention;

[0035] FIG. 2 presents a top view of the head of a test plug according to an example of an embodiment;

[0036] FIG. 3 presents a front elevation view of the head of the test plug according to this example of an embodiment;

[0037] FIG. 3A is a front elevation view of the head of the test plug according to an alternate example of an embodiment;

[0038] FIG. 4 presents a rotated right side elevation view of the head of the test plug of

[0039] FIG. 3 according to this same example of an embodiment;

[0040] FIG. 5 presents a top view of a support of the test plug according to an example of an embodiment;

[0041] FIG. 6 presents a front elevation view of the test support according to this same example of an embodiment in FIG. 5 rotated clockwise 90 degrees;

[0042] FIG. 7 presents a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 5 in the middle of the test support according to this same example of an embodiment, rotated clockwise 90 degrees, and includes an installed head of the test plug.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043] The identical elements in the various drawings have the same references.

[0044] FIG. 1 represents equipment or devices for testing a calibrated leak of gas out of a tyre (or tire) 1 provided with a valve 2 for inflation and intended to be provided in a vehicle (not shown in the drawing). This vehicle can be a car, a van, a truck, a tractor, a trailer, and more generally, any vehicle moving on wheels with pneumatic tyres inflated with a gas. This valve 2 has a cylindrical body extending outside of the tyre, the body being threaded on the outer surface for the screwing on of a protective plug or cap for protection of the valve member. The tyre also has a TPMS sensor 3 typically comprising all or part of the following elements, namely an electronic module comprising an electric battery, a printed circuit card with antennas or communication coils (for reception and transmission), an air-pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a device for detecting rotation or an accelerometer, a programmable controller and a memory device for memorising or electronically storing data such as the identifier ID of the sensor ID. Such TPMS sensors 3 are designed to regularly wirelessly transmit their information to an electronic control unit (ECU) (not shown in the drawing) that is onboard the vehicle. The ECU analyses the information transmitted from the TPMS sensor 3, and if necessary, detects the presence of a gas leak in a tyre and immediately informs the driver of said leak.

[0045] In one example, the equipment or devices for testing a calibrated leak of gas out of a tyre comprises a TPMS tool or measurement device 4 that the operators or users present on a manufacturing line use to receive and process data coming from active TPMS sensors 3. This TPMS tool 4 visible in FIG. 1 is a portable apparatus typically comprising a battery, a processor, a memory storage device, a user interface for the display of information and for the input of commands from the operator, and a radio wave frequency communication means or device. This communication means allows in particular communication with TPMS sensors 3 and optionally long-distance communication with a computer server via a network.

[0046] During an exemplary test of the TPMS sensors 3, the operator removes the protective plug of the tyre and replaces it with a test plug 5 that is screwed onto the valve 2. By screwing on the test plug, the latter bears, or applies a pressure force, on the valve member of the valve 2 and triggers its opening allowing flow of pressurized gas from inside the tyre. The gas contained in the tyre escapes through the test plug 5 into a duct, the diameter of which is perfectly calibrated. In doing so, the test plug simulates a leak of gas, the flow rate of which is calibrated. The indications provided by the TPMS sensor 3 that characterise the gas leak seen from inside the tyre are compared to the information provided by this device on the leak detected outside of the tyre. If the indications are almost identical, the TPMS sensor 3 is functioning perfectly.

[0047] Other modes and test protocols can be implemented according to the data detected, measured and/or stored from the TPMS sensor 3.

[0048] An example of an embodiment of a test plug 5 is now described in relation to the FIGS. 2 through 7 and following.

[0049] According to this example of an embodiment, a test plug 5 comprises a head 6 and a test support 7.

[0050] FIG. 2 presents a top view of the head 6 of a test plug 5 according to this example of an embodiment. The exemplary head 6 has a cylindrical shape including a first portion 6A having a bottom end 6E and a first outer diameter, a second portion 6B having a second outer diameter smaller than the first diameter and an axial first orifice 8 on the top extending axially downward as further described below. In one example, first portion 6A has an outer diameter of six (6) millimetres (mm), and second portion 6B has an outer diameter of four (4) millimetres (mm). It is understood that larger and smaller diameters may be used.

[0051] FIG. 3 presents a front elevation view of the head 6 of the test plug 5 of the previous FIG. 2. The exemplary head 6 has two portions, a first portion 6A and a second portion 6B, having a different diameter, separated by a shoulder 6C. The surface (visible in FIG. 2) at the end 6D of the second portion 6B having the smaller diameter is intended to come in contact with the valve member of the valve 2 in order to exert a pressure force on the valve member and thus free the gas inside the tyre. When escaping, the gas passes through second orifices 9, total of four shown in FIGS. 2-4. In one example, head 6 includes two orifices 9 positioned 180 degrees apart and are each one (1) millimetre (mm) in diameter. In one example, a center of each orifice 9 is positioned 0.8 millimeters (mm) from the end 6D. It is understood that other numbers, positions and dimensions for orifices 9 can be used.

[0052] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, exemplary head 6 includes an interior chamber 8A for passage of the pressurized air from the tire from the orifices 9 to an element 11 described further below. In the example, interior chamber 8A includes a top portion 8B in fluid communication with orifices 9 and a bottom portion 8C in communication with top portion 8B and open to bottom portion end 6E. In one example, interior chamber top portion 8B is two (2) millimetres (mm) in diameter and bottom portion 8C is four (4) millimetres (mm) in diameter. As best seen in FIG. 4, in one example, bottom portion 8C has a height of 8CH of three (3) millimetres (mm) from bottom 6E and bottom portion 8C and top portion 8B have a total height of 8BH of six (6) millimetres (mm) from bottom 6E as generally shown. It is understood that different sizes, shapes and positions of interior chamber 8A may be used.

[0053] FIG. 4 presents a rotated view of the head 6 of the test plug 5 shown in the previous FIG. 3. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 the presence of an exemplary constriction 10 made all around the portion having the smaller diameter can be seen, this constriction being intended to receive an O-ring (not shown in the drawing) that ensures the sealing between the head 6 and the test support 7. As best seen in FIG. 3A, the constriction 10A is positioned in an alternate position below the orifices 9 and above the shoulder 6C. Other positions of constriction 10 may be used.

[0054] In one example, the gas coming from the tyre passes through orifices 9 inside the head 6, into interior chamber 8A and passes through an element 11 having a calibrated cross-section orifice limiting the flow rate of the gas escaping the tyre. This element 11 is for example glued onto the bottom end 6E of the head 6 that is inserted into the bottom of the test support 7 (see FIG. 8). In an alternate example, the pressurized gas also passes through orifice 8 into the interior chamber 8A.

[0055] FIG. 5 presents a top view of the test support 7 intended to cooperate with the head 6 shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 3A and 4. The exemplary test support 7 also has a cylindrical shape with a bottom orifice 12 on the bottom 16 for the passage of the gas which can thus be evacuated from the test plug 5. The test support 7 is intended to contain the head 6 (see FIG. 8) and to be screwed onto the valve 2.

[0056] FIG. 6 presents a rotated front elevation view of the test support shown in FIG. 5. The presence of a bevel 13 at the base of the test support 7 on the side that is screwed onto the valve 2 can be seen.

[0057] FIG. 7 presents a rotated cross-sectional view in the middle of the test support 7 in FIG. 5 according to this same example of an embodiment (showing the head 6 installed). Exemplary test support 7 in FIG. 8 includes a body 14 having a top surface 15, including a first inner wall 18 defining a top orifice 20. Test support 7 further includes a first shoulder 28, a second shoulder 24 and a second inner wall 26 defining a middle orifice 27 in communication with bottom orifice 12 as generally shown. In one example of test plug 5, test support top orifice 20 has a diameter of 6.5 millimeters (mm), middle orifice 27 has a diameter of 6.1 millimeters (mm), and bottom orifice 12 has a diameter of four (4) millimetres (mm). In one example, top orifice has an axial length or depth of seven (7) millimetres (mm) from top surface 15, and middle orifice 27 has an axial length or depth of six (6) millimetres. In one example, bottom orifice 12 has an axial length or depth of three (3) millimetres (mm) from the bottom surface 16. It is understood that larger or smaller diameter orifices, and lengths and positions of the orifices, can be used.

[0058] The head 6 in the drawing is placed inside the test support 7 top orifice 20 and middle orifice 27 as generally shown, the head first portion 6A end 6D having the greater diameter and in communication with element 11 limiting the gas flow rate through the head 6 and test plug 5. The end of the test support 7 opposite the element 11 has an inner machine thread (not shown) on first inner wall 18 in order to be screwed onto the valve 2. When screwing on, the second portion 6B having the smaller diameter of the head 6 forcibly axially presses on the valve member of the valve 2 in order to let the pressurized gas of the tyre escape and through the test plug 5 as described.

[0059] According to the flow rate that is desired to be caused, the exemplary element 11 having a calibrated cross-section orifice limiting the flow rate is, for example, a sintered element or a disc pierced by a hole, the sintered element having a greater thickness than the disc.

[0060] The method for using the equipment or devices for testing a calibrated leak of gas out of a tyre 1, by using a test plug 5 that is screwed onto the valve 2 of this tyre 1 in order to let a certain flow rate of gas escape, will now be described.

[0061] In one example, first, the TPMS tool 4 enters into electronic, wireless communication with a TPMS sensor 3 installed on a tyre 1. The operator removes the protective plug of this tyre and places the test plug 5 on the valve 2. According to an example of an improvement, the test plug 5 includes a removable seal (not shown) intended to be removed before the installation of the plug 5 on the tyre. In this way, dust does not enter the test plug 5 and the element 11 limiting the flow rate remains clean.

[0062] Advantageously in one example, the equipment comprises a set of a plurality of individual test plugs 5 for producing various calibrated-leak flow rates, for example: 0.1 cm3/mn, 1.1 cm3/mn and 0.5 cm3/mn. These values are typical of slow leaks in a tyre. Other values can be recommended by the manufacturer for a certain pressure in the tyre.

[0063] During the screwing or threaded engagement onto the valve 2, the test plug 5 bears on the valve member and the pressurized gas escapes from the tyre according to a flow rate determined by the element 11 limiting the flow rate. The TPMS tool 4 regularly receives the measurements coming from the TPMS sensor 3 and calculates the speed of decrease in the tyre internal gas pressure. The TPMS tool 4 then displays a value representative of the decrease in the gas pressure measured during a predetermined time interval. In this way, the operator verifies that the TPMS sensor 3 is functioning correctly. Once the test has been carried out, the test plug 5 is removed and replaced with the protective plug. When the test plug 5 comprises an element 11 limiting flow rate subject to wear, it is designed either to be regularly tested in order to be recalibrated or to be simply thrown away after a certain number of uses.

[0064] Advantageously in one example, the TPMS tool 4 includes adjustable detection and measurement means, through a device and process, adapted to each of said test plugs 5. In this way, the TPMS tool 4 can verify that the decrease in tire gas pressure measured by the TPMS sensor 3 indeed corresponds to the flow rate of the gas leak caused by the installation of the particular test plug 5 on the tyre 1. In one example, the TPMS tool 4 has a memory storage device for the storage and restitution or recall from the memory storage device of the test results on tyres. In one example, the TPMS tool 4 memorises or stores in the memory storage device the conditions of the test, and in particular the calibration of the test plug 5 used, and has means, through a device and process, for exporting or transferring these results to other devices, for example a computer and printer, in order to print them or display them on a screen.

[0065] Advantageously in one example, the TPMS tool 4 emits a sound and/or light signal when the tyre gas pressure measured decreases and falls below a predetermined threshold. In this way, the operator can be alerted that the TPMS sensor 3 did indeed emit pressure values that decrease and that the test can be considered to be conclusive.

[0066] Advantageously in one example, the TPMS tool 4 is an instrument that may be calibrated and verified, in line with international norms. It allows the verification of the calibration of the instruments for measurement of a leak and of flow rate and of the leaks and of the jets calibrated. It is preferably light, compact and user friendly for tests in the field or in a manufacturing line.

[0067] According to another example of an improvement, the TPMS tool 4 includes a means, through a device and process, for introducing a piece of information or data representative of the internal volume of the tyre 1. By knowing the internal volume and by taking into account the decrease in internal gas pressure caused by the installation of the test plug 5, the TPMS tool 4 can calculate and display the gas flow rate of the leak according to the change in the decrease in pressure and the volume of the tyre. The operator can then correlate this value with the gas flow rate that a particular test plug 5 should generate and thus verify that the two values are identical.

[0068] Although the present invention was described in reference to the specific embodiments illustrated, said invention is in no way limited by these embodiments, but is only limited by the appended claims. In particular, the present invention can be used by any type of vehicle provided with wheels inflated by a gas. It is noted that changes or modifications can be made by a person skilled in the art.